Gesty pielgrzyma. Na podstawie Podróży na Wschód Alphonse’a de Lamartine’a

Author(s): Aleksandra Kijak-Sawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The main goal of this article is an analysis of pilgrim’s experience and attitudes during the religious journey to the Holy Land in 1832. Pilgrim, whose experiences have been analyzed, is a famous French poet, historian and politician of the nineteenth century – Alphonse de Lamartine. The study used a category of gesture. Category of gesture allowed to examine the nature of man's relationship with God and perception of God by man. Analysis of the phenomenon of the pilgrimage as a gesture helped distinguish five categories of pilgrimages (pilgrimage as a gesture of Thomas, Job, scholar, orant, child). By using category of gesture, one can characterize possible differences during a pilgrimage and describe the different types of pilgrimage.

Gabriel Garcia Márquez - une projection de la femme dans l’espace colonial

Author(s): Doiniţa Milea / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

L’influence culturelle créole ressentie dans le roman Cent ans de solitude, écrit par Gabriel Garcia Márquez, aidée par le réalisme magique, est encore plus manifeste dans De l’amour et autres démons, qui est le point de départ d'une singulière histoire d'amour, dans le cadre coloré, décadent de Carthagène des Indes, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Les personnages féminins sont construits entre le réel des colonies et le fictionnel,de cette petite fille baignant dans la culture bariolée des îles, une héroïne atypique et mystérieuse, à sa mère qui pousse le vice jusqu'à rejeter sa fille, parce que reconnaît en elle les traits de son mari. La couleur locale est double par la démythification d’un monde où un religieux lutte face à ce dilemme : amour de dieu ou amour de Sierva Maria, combat comparé à la lutte contre les hérétiques, les possédés. Il y a ici, en même temps, un métadiscours qui souligne l’effort de sélection des formes et des images, qui puissent traduire ce combat intérieur, et décrit par la métaphore la fonction de l’écriture qui puisse sauver la mémoire des choses vécues.

L’image d’Anna de Noailles dans la presse alternative

Author(s): Alina Boboc / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

This paper aims to present some aspects of Anna de Noailles' life, starting with a more or less known reality and going further, to its reflection in the alternative media, a fast and modern means of image promotion. Anna de Noailles' works and personality rediscovered in France and elsewhere, in United States and Switzerland, for instance, is a noteworthy cultural fact. In fact, this paper intends to present four blogs about Anna de Noailles, all four of them relatively recently created, a fact that demonstrates a more and more vivid interest for the countess' image.

Hypostases de la féminité dans Les Thibault de Roger Martin du Gard

Author(s): Raluca Cristina Sarău / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

In 1937, Roger Martin du Gard won the Nobel Prize for Literature; his major work, Les Thibault, a roman fleuve, published as a series of five novels, follows the fortunes of the two Thibault brothers, Antoine and Jacques, from their bourgeois upbringing, through the First World War, to their deaths. Their lives are highly influenced by the constant and virtuous Mrs. Fontanin, the sweet Gise, the enigmatic Jenny and the sensitive and undecipherable Rachel.

Dire l’autre de Danielle Fournier

Author(s): Eugenia Alaman / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

« Le féminin est une métaphore dont le maternel demeure secret. Le féminin est peut-être l’envers, ou le revers, de l’identité. […] Est-il possible de faire sans le sexe et en dehors du récit que l’on s’en fait de ce sexe à soi et du sexe de l’autre ? Est-il possible de comprendre le sexe comme différence et identité ? ». Qui pourrait mieux résumer les sentiments et les idées rendus dans ce volume que Danielle Fournier elle-même, l’essayiste, la romancière, et la Poète québécoise ? Cet essai sur la littérature et le féminin est une plaidoirie pour la diversité et le rapprochement de l’Autre jusqu’à lui avouer le JE.

Typologies féminines dans l’œuvre de Virgil Tănase

Author(s): Iuliana Barna / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

Dans sa prose, tout comme dans son théâtre, Virgil Tanase semble dissimuler un côté personnel qu’il reflète d’une façon particulière, créant ainsi un personnage sensible, rêveur, mais en même temps raisonnable, rebelle, émancipé, quasi démoniaque: la femme. Elle devient ainsi „le double de l’homme, son image parallèle”, mais en même temps, la présence féminine se transforme en réflecteur de l’identité masculine tombée dans l’échec et l’anonymat. Son refus de divulguer ce qui se passe en soi, le pousse à inventer ce double où il projette sa propre structure tragique.

La femme contemporaine, les revues glossy et chick lit versus la femme et la presse de l’entre-deux-guerres

Author(s): Daniela Bogdan / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

Romanian sociologists agree on saying that there had been a feminist movement in our country, between the two World Wars, reflected in the publications devoted to women, around 1920. Yet, the movement did not achieve its purpose, as it didn’t last for long and hit the patriarchal and conservative conceptions of the Romanian society, which are still preserved, today. After a period of silence, ( women were totally depersonalized during communism), we are witnessing an attempt to revive the idea of promoting female representations in the media on a larger scale than 60 years ago, but not as effective as in the past. After 1989, women’s literature – a niche segment – became one of the most successful industries, but there are critics who speak of superficiality, lack of substance and plagiarism. In conclusion, we can say that during the interwar period we had a feminist literature, in its young manifestation, whereas the “glossy literature” of today, despite its loud presentation, contains mainly soft articles with no substance and no intention in changing mentalities. Major women issues are treated superficially and in isolation. In today’s glossy magazines, even women politicians pose in sexy pictorials and are talking only about a new receipt they had tried in the kitchen, or the joy of motherhood.

Hypostases de la féminité dans l’œuvre de G. Bacovia et le modèle français*

Author(s): Nicoleta Ifrim / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

The poetical discourse generates a multiple – layered reading as the lyrical ego will go beyond the textual surface to prospect various covert universes which he brings forward as the poetical texture is unfolding. Thus, the consciously assumed patterns function only at a surface level and they are abandoned while the discourse gains its autonomy. It is the case of Bacovia who writes his poems by leaving his fictional patterns behind. Thus, his poetry enhances a special moment in the Romanian lyrics as he goes beyond the French patterns to create an original literary work. Romanian Symbolism as reflected in Bacovia’s poems has its own creative structures rooted in to the European literary trend and his work proves to be unique as the feminine figure is concerned.

La femme dans les poèmes versifiés des poètes Văcăreşti

Author(s): Ana-Elena Costandache / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

Even though they are little known and hence not much appreciated by the readers, the poems of the Văcăreşti poets could attract one by their different and original modality of emphasizing the theme of love and, naturally, the theme of the Woman, symbol of the natural beauty. The feelings experiences are directly addressed towards the woman, who is seen as an inspirational muse for pre-romantics, in lyrics comparable to those of the popular poetry. The woman has occupied a special place in the lives of the Văcăreşti (who were clearly influenced by Anacreon); thus, the reader can find her in different hypostasis: goddess for whom one abandons one’s soul, master to whom one submits oneself forever, and young woman, the delicacy of whom can be compared to the fragility of birds.

Portrait de femme en écrivaine : Emily L. de Marguerite Duras

Author(s): Alina Crihană / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

Roman écrit vers la fin de la vie de l’auteure, Emily L. est le livre d’une femme qui voudrait écrire unlivre sur l’amour et sur sa mise en écriture, un livre où « l’écriture de la passion » est doublée de la « passion del’écriture » convertie en thème majeur de la méditation autoréflexive, où « il n’existe pas de dichotomie entre ledehors (je vis) et le dedans (j’écris) ». (Blot-Labarrère 2005, 41) À travers l’écriture de l’intimité, qui « pose lemode de communication féminin fondé sur l’expression de l’intime et des émotions […] comme arme dedestruction de la pensée dominante » (Daussaint-Doneux 2005, 131), Marguerite Duras dévoile l’intimité del’écriture. De ce point de vue, en analysant le « texte-énigme » durassien en tant que « corps-écriture »,Raynalle Udris le mettait en relation d’équivalence métaphorique avec les personnages féminins de l’écrivaine,en montrant en quelle mesure la « pratique de la perte du sens comme stratégie d’écriture est renforcée par ladésintégration de la fiction recentrée autour de la présence-absence du personnage féminin ».

L’aventure de la féminisation. Stratégies de résistances et de lutte

Author(s): Sofia Dima / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

The article presents the construction and deconstruction of the feminine identity model in the francophone space. This is a search for the recovery or the imposition of female identity that compensates the reticence and existing disparities in the linguistic field of the functions, titles and socio-professional grades.

Etude des constructions appositionnelles à valeur descriptive portant sur les femmes dans le discours média

Author(s): Gabriela Scripnic / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

This paper considers the various types of descriptive expressions employed by the journalist to refer to the woman the article deals with. These expressions enter an inherent relation of predication with the noun they determine, although, in the superficial structure, they become manifest as appositions. In this context, the paper aims at pointing out the types of descriptive expressions applied to women, having as a starting point the distinction between objective designations without auctorial intrusions vs subjective designations including axiological assessment. According to the type of designation, the expression obtained accomplishes different rhetorical functions which we attempt to highlight by approaching a series of excerpts from newspaper articles available on line.

Priming French in English and Romanian (con)texts

Author(s): Daniela Ţuchel / Language(s): English Issue: 4-II/2010

French is given its due in English for mastery in domains such as cuisine, haute couture, lifestyle, social bonds. We propose ourselves to investigate samples of Romanian and English media discourse in which the mediation of French facilitates communication while loading cultural notions with French-specific features.

‘Ce que femme veut Dieu le veut’ ou ce qu’on dit sur les femmes

Author(s): Alina Elena Ganea / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

Proverbs belong to the cultural patrimony of a community and provide evidence with respect to people’s societal vécu and their representation of the world. This article deals with the representations of women in French proverbs in order to reveal the hypostases that are most frequently associated with them: young ladies awaiting marriage, devoted wives, cheating and manipulative women, obstinate women, greedy women, etc. In doing so, this article investigates the images symbolically used in order to construct these representations and to encode the metaphorical meaning that the proverbs transmit.

Figures de la servante: Françoise, symbole proustien de la culture française

Author(s): Anca Gâţă / Language(s): French Issue: 4-II/2010

In Marcel Proust’s novel, « À la recherche du temps perdu », Françoise, the servant, is a prominent character, although not as such explicitly introduced by the narrator. Her appearance evokes old French traditions at all times, relying on or highlighting basic values of the French culture. As a character, Françoise is made up of what she is saying as reported by the narrator pretending to remember past days, actions, words, etc., but also of the observations he could make when spending some time next to her. Her name reminds of France and she may be thought of as a symbolic character recalling to the present old traditions, communication rituals, canonical behaviours, a whole axiological system. This study aims at presenting some particularities of the text, by pointing to lexico-semantic, textual, dialogical, argumentative, and stylistic issues.

Simplicité lexicale et syntaxique de la littérature enfantine française sur l'exemple du roman Vendredi ou la vie sauvage de Michel Tournier

Author(s): Teresa Insarew-Roszczyn / Language(s): French Issue: 5/1983

Ilija Kuljaš – peraška prerada Molijera i/ili legitimisanje društvenoga poretka

Author(s): Aleksandar Radoman / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3-4/2017

Ever since its first publication in Dubrovnik’s Slovinac in 1880, comedy Ilija Kuljaš has been referred to as a vernacular variation of Moliere’s Bourgeois Gentleman. Taking into account the existent critical writing on this play and previously neglected details about its origin and author, the paper points to the possibility that the text might have originated in Perast in the mid-eighteenth century. Since Ilija Kuljaš considerably departs from its alleged “template”, Bourgeois Gentleman, it is possible to regard it as a brand new comedy. It is a new text on multiple levels, primarily owing to its genre shift in comparison to the alleged template, and its integration into the socio-cultural context in which it is created and where it has a dual function: to represent everyday life and legitimize the existing social order.

Поетика другорядного в романі “Торжество мізерності” Мілана Кундери

Author(s): Tetiana Bovsunivska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 95/2017

The article includes analysis of the latest novel by Milan Kundera “The Festival of Insignificance” with a focus on changes in poetics. In particular, it is about the decline and rethinking of the postmodern category of “simulacrum”, which hardly depended on reality and eventually lost touch with it all. The series of images in Kundera's novel has nothing to do with the process of simulacrization of the postmodernism era. The novels “The Unbearable Lightness of Being”, “The Joke” and others by M. Kundera poetize the secondary figures regarding the “axial time” of their age. The mechanism of such poetization often reminds the structure of anecdotes, which undergo an excess growing of the text to such extend that even the essence of the anecdoting pattern, laid in the foundation can stay unnoticed by the reader. The sacralization of everyday life in modern literature canonizes secondary figures and ideas. Presenting a new approach to the image of a person in a new novel, M. Kundera gives preference to the peripheral before the the nuclear, to the marginal before the central and so on. The foundation for the new novel was built on the anecdotes about Stalin and his entourage. This is the reason for the peculiarities of the narration and minimization of the form. Kundera snaps from the history of the USSR such a “funny story” which allows to highlight the spirit of the era. The rise of the meticulousness, of the secondary, of the mediocre, increase of its relevance, of growing demand for it, not only in the mass literature but also in the refined texts of the living classics signals us of radical changes in the entire system of poetic thinking of the modern age.

Поетика наративу в романах Антуана Володіна

Author(s): Victoriya Chub / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 95/2017

Antoine Volodine is reputed for inventing new forms in the French literature at the turn of XX–XXI centuries. Our study is dedicated to Volodine’s narrative structure, i.e. the stratification of narrative instances, the depersonalization of narrator and characters, the metanarrativization of story. Antoine Volodine creates a fictional world of uncertain characters floating between life and death and telling their stories in polyphonic voices. First, our study revealed the lack of demarcation between “I” and “we” and the blend of narrative levels created by ambivalent voices merging into a single “post-exotic horn”. Second, we discovered that metatextual comments and narrative figures of “mise en abyme” and metalepsis help to “alienate” the text and dramatize the relations between the author and readers. As a result, a specific “textual fiction” is being created to embody philosophical problems in Volodine’s meta-utopic novels. Finally, the research determined a set of poetical dominants typical for Volodine’s novels: the interference of homo- and heterodiegetic narrator instances, the uncertain nature of narrators and characters, the polyphonic character of voices as well as metatextual and transgressive structures. It was concluded that the revealed poetical dominants are not only a part of the literary game, but a specific way to represent the speech act. Antoine Volodine’s multilevel narrators share common mental pictures that show the experience of defeat, marginalization and imprisonment. The specific narrative structure helps the writer to create the effect of ambiguity and vagueness, adds a bit of doubt in the act of perception of his novels, updates the metaphysical perspective of the postmodern anti-utopia.

Видалення тексту як диспозитив ієрархізації другорядного (роман Ж. Вайцмана “Заборонене”)

Author(s): Galyna Dranenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 96/2017

The article deals with the problem of the removing of the secondary’s status in the artwork in term of the functioning of its paratextual elements. We studied Gérard Wajcman’s novel “The Forbidden” (1986, republished in 2016), it’s composed of the author’s endnotes and the body text is lacking. We outlined the discursive and the narrative text’s structures that favor the changing of the hierarchy’s status, from paratext (lower) to the body text (higher). We examined other paratextual elements (title, dedication, opening information etc.) as the body text is lacking they have the essential function in the reader’s interpretation of the text. It is described as the new novel republishing “The Forbidden” modified the work’s receptive capacity on condition of the changing of the publisher’s peritext (book’s format, epilogue is added, the writing of the author’s name is changed) and epitext (the author’s artistic heritage, the biography in media). We analyzed as this modification transform the code and the modus of the reader’s perception of the novel. It is shown that the text expected by receiver is lacking not because it’s waiting to be fill on the basis of the interactive game with the reader the main reason is that this text is impossible, unrealizable, forceless. This text says about unspeakable and in this form, it is completely self-sufficient as it represent the oblivion, erasing memory, its deficiency, its absence. We stressed that the lacking of the boy text in Gérard Wajcman’s novel, which is the part of the paradigm “Literature of the Holocaust”, is the symbol of the obliteration and of the language loss in general and particularly of the family’s language Yiddish. We concluded that the text’s delete is not poetic and stylistic way; it is the apparatus of the minor hierarchy.