Priming i framing wybranych polskich publikacji o zamachach terrorystycznych w Brukseli w 2016 roku

Author(s): Rafał Leśniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The purpose of this paper is to define the role of mass media in shaping the image of a terrorist organization on the example of the terrorist bomb attacks carried out on March 22, 2016 in Belgium. The author analyses with particular attention the media with regard to their function of priming and framing in the period immediately following the acts of terror effected in Belgium that have a significant influence on the media image of the terrorist organization Islamic State. The research material is composed of Polish journals “Rzeczpospolita” and “Gazeta Wyborcza” (22.03–8.04.2016). Considering progressive process of mediatization of the public sphere, the author of the paper tries to identify the relationship that exists between the evolution of the image of ISIS and press information.

Dyskurs wokół śmierci Stanisława Pyjasa (językowe strategie zarządzania kryzysem w prasie krakowskiej)

Author(s): Dorota Suska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The article presents (from a linguistic perspective) the strategies of describing and evaluating the events of May 1977, which activated part of the students’ environment (critical to the authority) and the opposition during Juwenalia (annual Polish students’ holiday). The direct cause was the death of a Jagiellonian University Polish Philology student, Stanisław Pyjas, who had previously been within the range of interest of the security services. The analysis of the then official-circulation press and (complementarily) a KC PZPR (Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party) propaganda booklet (produced by the Department of Ideological-Educational Activity for internal use) has enabled the author to indicate the linguistic (rhetorical) means that were used for dealing with the crisis, including the ways of demoting the opponent (“they”), creating a positive image of the authority and its supporters (“we”), euphemizing events, and profiling assessments.

Tytus, Romek i A’Tomek z perspektywy komunikatywizmu

Author(s): Anita Szwajkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Author analyses six selected comic books from popular series “Tytus, Romek & Atomek” by Henryk Jerzy Chmielewski, using unique communicativistic theory discovered by G. Habrajska and A. Awdiejew. She’s searching some verbal and non-verbal determinants, which are typical for the publicistic style (persuasion closed in words, persuasion extracted from words, self-contained persuasion). The effect of this research is a fact, that the comics by Chmielewski (primary classified as an artictic style) – has its characteristic persuasive purpose, through using all the elements of the publicistic discourse. According to that, the main purpose of the comics was: to indoctrinate young readers as the responsible participants of the community in Polish People’s Republic.

„Najciekawsza wydaje mi się właśnie osobność” (Charles Reznikoff i przekłady Piotra Sommera)

Author(s): Joanna Orska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The focus of this paper is the Polish translation of Charles Reznikoff poetry. Firstly, there goes an overall characteristic of the work by the American writer, whose conceptions became a core of the objectivist group-program of young poets connected to the Jewish diaspora in the 1930’s. Later, the main focus shifts to the conditions and presumable reasons for certain choices made by Piotr Sommer, Reznikoff’s Polish translator. Sommer’s choice – focusing predominantly on Reznikoff’s poetic miniatures – sheds light on the translator’s artistic preferences. Those poems by Reznikoff that have been translated into Polish do not carry as rich a historical, social, and cultural context – so important for an artist of the Jewish background – as his longer works, saturated with the religious allusions. However, Sommer’s translator’s craft – full of care and responsive to detail – allows his translations to frequently signal the strangeness and liminality of the passer-by subject, roaming the streets of New York.

Politics of the Poetic Form: Adam Ważyk and the Americans

Author(s): Marta Koronkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The article discusses Adam Ważyk – one of the foremost representatives of the Polish poetic avant-garde – and his meta-poetic reflection on the form of the poem in comparison with the parallel considerations offered, later in the 20th c., by the American poets of the LANGUAGE movement. Most importantly, I mention Adrienne Rich, Muriel Rukeyser, Ron Silliman, and James Scully. These poets saw the poetic practice as part of the active and reconstructive approach to everyday reality, which is an approach that sets them apart from more theoretically predisposed strands of the Marxist literary theory which saw poetic forms mostly as an epiphenomenon of social forces and processes. The idea that is the strongest link between Ważyk and the American poets mentioned above is treating formal poetic innovation as precisely the element that serves the causes of enhancing the potential of language and communication. // Artykuł zestawia elementy metapoetyckiej, formalnej myśli Adama Ważyka – jednego z czołowych twórców i krytyków polskiej awangardy poetyckiej, zaangażowanego przez lata w ruch socjalistyczny – z refleksją na temat formy literackiej obecną u niektórych spośród najważniejszych amerykańskich krytyków literackich szkoły marksistowskiej: Adrienne Rich, Muriel Rukeyser, Rona Sillimana, Jamesa Scully’ego. Owi twórcy i twórczynie, wychodząc – podobnie jak Ważyk – z pozycji poetyckich praktyków (wszyscy pisali zarówno prozę krytyczną, jak i wiersze), stawiali w swojej twórczości nacisk na sprawczą moc poetyckiej formy – jej rolę dla praktyki literackiego wymyślania czy wprowadzania nowych rzeczywistości. To odróżnia ich w pewnym sensie od bardziej teoretycznie czy filozoficznie nastawionych nurtów marksistowskiego literaturoznawstwa, skupionych na formie jako epifenomenie sił społecznych. Zestawiając myśl Ważyka z wymienionymi twórcami, artykuł wskazuje między innymi wspólne dla nich wszystkich rozumienie innowacji jako poszerzanie granic poetyckiego języka i radykalne zwiększanie możliwości komunikacyjnych.

Adam Ważyk, the New Sentence and the question of entropy

Author(s): Paweł Kaczmarski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In its first section, the article focuses on certain concepts belonging to Adam Ważyk’s theory of poetics. Specifically, I note the role of entropy in Ważyk’s thought on the form of the poem. Ważyk’s thinking of entropy served the poet to regulate his more general conception of the formal constitution of the poem. Although entropy seems to be an unavoidable process, the poet’s role and duty is to partly control it. For Ważyk, such partial containment of entropy is the condition of poetic communication. The second section of the article places the entropy-related tensions identified by Ważyk in the context of poetic debates of the 90’s between Fredric Jameson, a prominent Marxist critic, and the American poets identified as the LANGUAGE group. // W drugiej części artykułu to fundamentalne dla pism Ważyka napięcie połączone zostaje z szerszą debatą historycznie organizującą znaczną część teoretycznej refleksji dwudziestowiecznej lewicy; obserwacje Ważyka zestawione zostają ze sporem o parataksę, stoczonym na początku lat 90. przez amerykańskich poetów związanych z nurtem Language oraz Fredrika Jamesona, jednego z czołowych marksistowskich krytyków literackich. Napięcie między nieuchronnością a szkodliwością entropii, i wynikająca z niego konieczność formy, zostaje wskazane jako analogiczne do napięcia między nieuchronnością a szkodliwością rozproszenia (jako podstawy naraz ponowoczesnego doświadczenia i figury parataksy).

Raport cynika? O życiu i twórczości Andrzeja Brychta

Author(s): Sławomir Buryła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The author of this paper discusses the prose of Andrzej Brycht, comparing it with the writer’s biography and the collective biography and works of the “Współczesność” generation. The article presents and documents the uniqueness of Brycht’s early short stories in the context of his style and skill in building expressive literary characters. This paper closes with an attempt to give the reasons for the writer’s artistic failure.

Dzieło jako proces. Wokół spójności tekstów Tadeusza Różewicza

Author(s): Marta Bukowiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The purpose of this article is to analyse works by Tadeusz Różewicz in terms of text coherence. Różewicz’s writings seem to be open in the sense that they do not close within one form which could be recognised as the final form. Instead, they keep evolving, published in consecutive volumes or two simultaneous printed versions – handwritten and seemingly final. In his output, Różewicz goes beyond the framework of literary genres and artistic style, and also beyond the sphere of text which could be identified by his voice, as he creatively uses ready-made functional forms. This makes it possible to show two dominant text-generating strategies in his works: exhibiting the processuality of creation and literary recycling, which are both based on the experimental processing of non-artistic language. Różewicz’s works – seemingly open, labile and undurable – do form, in fact, a holistic and coherent conception of literariness, which is difficult to perceive through the analysis of a single work or even the whole collection of poems, but is revealed upon a holistic look at his literary output. In his works, meanings are not formed within a single text, but between its various variants, and thus, both texts and the relationships between them are crucial here. Opening the composition of his works, Różewicz projects multidirectional reading, contextualised, simultaneous and joining all dispersed versions of any given work into one complex unity. This is how he also legitimises his open technique of working on text as a metaliterary issue, an object of representation and, at the same time, an integral constituent of a literary work, and the work itself he treats as a dynamic process and not a structure closed within the forms that integrate the work. The theoretical point of reference for my studies is the concept of genre substitute coined by Kazimierz Wyka, the conception of text cohesion by Maria Renata Mayenowa and Włodzimierz Bolecki, and assumptions of genetic criticism. // Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie twórczości Tadeusza Różewicza, rozpatrywanej ze względu na zagadnienie spójności tekstu. Utwory Różewicza sprawiają wrażenie otwartych w tym sensie, że nie zamykają się w jednej formie, którą można by uznać za ostateczną, ale wciąż ewoluują, publikowane w kolejnych tomikach lub w dwóch równolegle drukowanych wersjach, rękopiśmiennej i sprawiającej wrażenie ostatecznej. Autor wykracza w swojej twórczości poza ramy gatunków literackich czy stylu artystycznego, a także poza sferę tekstu, którą można zidentyfikować z jego głosem, i twórczo wykorzystuje elementy gotowych wypowiedzi użytkowych. Pozwala to wskazać w jego twórczości dominację dwu strategii tekstotwórczych: eksponowaniu procesualności tworzenia i literackiego recyklingu polegającego na eksperymentalnym przetwarzaniu języka nieartystycznego. Utwory Różewicza, pozornie otwarte, labilne i nietrwałe, w istocie tworzą jednak całościową i spójną koncepcję literackości. Trudno ją uchwycić w analizie pojedynczego utworu czy nawet całego tomiku, tę właściwość pisarstwa Różewicza ujawnia całościowe spojrzenie na jego dorobek. Znaczenia w jego utworach formują się nie tyle w obrębie pojedynczego tekstu, ile między różnymi jego wariantami, a więc znaczące są tu i teksty, i łączące je relacje. Otwierając kompozycję swoich utworów, Różewicz projektuje lekturę wielokierunkową, skontekstualizowaną, równoległą i zespajającą rozproszone w całym dorobku wersje utworu w jedną złożoną całość. Sankcjonuje tym samym swój otwarty warsztat pracy nad tekstem jako metaliteracki problem, przedmiot reprezentacji i zarazem integralny składnik utworu literackiego, a samo dzieło traktuje jako dynamiczny proces, a nie strukturę zamkniętą w scalających utwór formach. Teoretycznym punktem odniesienia moich rozważań jest koncepcja zamiennika gatunkowego Kazimierza Wyki, koncepcje spójności tekstu Marii Renaty Mayenowej i Włodzimierza Boleckiego oraz założenia krytyki genetycznej.

Humor pogranicza polsko-żydowskiego na przykładzie szmoncesów Juliana Tuwima

Author(s): Agnieszka Żółkiewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2017

The author analyses Tuwim’s szmonces works and the picture of the Jews he painted in them from the angle of these characteristics of the humour of the Polish-Jew-meets-Polish-Jew variety. Her analysis reveals many unknown and unexpected references to traditional Jewish humour in Tuwim’s cabaret contributions.

„Bóg mi powierzył humor Polaków”. O działalności satyrycznej Antoniego Słonimskiego w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Agata Dąbrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2017

The author analyses Antoni Słonimski’s satirical writings and reviews his ties to cabarets and theatres, analysing selected works: political puppet shows, jokes, puns, etc. She also presents the writer’s satirical contributions to Wiadomości Literackie, for which he wrote critical reviews, feuilletons and polemical articles, which often aroused lots of controversy. The last part of the article looks at the literary and stage reception of Słonimski’s comedies Murzyn warszawski [The Warsaw Negro], Lekarz bezdomny [Homeless doctor]and Rodzina [The Family]

Janickiego miłość ojczyzny i jego poezja patriotyczna. Wspomnienie w 500-lecie urodzin poety

Author(s): Ignacy Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The paper aims to present some aspects of Janicki’s poetry devoted to various existence problems of thosetimes, i. e. the social poor, education opportunities for them, and insisting on the nobility taking greater careof the country.

The New Spirit and the New Body. Deliberations on Sport and Art in French, Polish, and Czech Avant-garde Magazines between 1920-1924.

Author(s): Przemysław Strożek / Language(s): English Issue: 162/2017

Czarownica w literaturze polskiego oświecenia. Stereotyp i płeć

Author(s): Danuta Kowalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article focuses on the image of witches in the iconography, literature, and imagination of the inhabitants of Early Modern Europe (from the late Middle Ages to the Enlightenment). It endeavours to explain whether the role and function of magical figures in Early Modern literature is conditioned by gender and by the conviction that magic is related to the biological functions of women. I will also attempt to determine how the stereotype of the witch emerged and whether its function in literature was influenced by the changed relations between the sexes in the 18th century. Although the main area of interest are works in Polish, numerous references to foreign literature are also made.

Przywileje dam mężatek… z drugiej połowy XVIII stulecia

Author(s): Małgorzata Marcinkowska-Malara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article is an edition of an anonymous print from the second half of XVIII century: Przywileje dam mężatek niemieckim językiem pisane, dla powszechnej zabawy na polski przełożone i do druku podane w tym roku with its essential introduction. The author focused on the literary and socio – moral context that was important for the work to be created. Moreover, the author framed the possible circle of an unknown artist inspiration and she established the direct text model that is a picaresque work titled Sejm białogłowski. While analysing, the author paid attention to the similarities and differences between the texts. She also proved that at the end of XVIII century, despite new circumstances and socio-moral infuences. the picaresques works arose interest of contemporary writers and became an artistic inspiration for them.

O rokokowej realizacji Tassowego wątku w Erotykach Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina

Author(s): Bożena Mazurkowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The author devotes attention to four pieces from the poetic cycle Erotics (Erotyki, 1779) of Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, cleary inspired by a few scenes from romantic thread of Tancred and Clorinda in epic poem Godfrey or Jerusalem Delivered (Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, 1618) by Tasso‑Kochanowski. The context of consideration are reflections which concern interest in baroque work and characteristic cult of Italian artist, lively in Poland until romanticism. The goal of detailed analysis is to capture multiple signals of connections between Kniaźnin’s rococo lyrics and parallel fragments of seventeenth‑century translation. In the poem’s plot these relations concern meetings of Christian knight with beautiful pagan, his behaviour in these situations, statements which he addressed to both living and departed Clorinda and also the dream in which he was haunted by ghost of the loved woman. Comparative steps aim at determining how epic material was used and processed in the amorous poetry of “good taste”.

Kobiety w życiu i twórczości Alojzego Felińskiego

Author(s): Magdalena Patro-Kucab / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The authors of papers dedicated to Alojzy Feliński, while reaching for his works, analyzed above all his Barbara Radziwiłłówna or Hymn na rocznicę ogłoszenia Królestwa Polskiego… Unfortunately, there are no broader discussions of Feliński’s relationships with women within research interests, despite the fact that many episodes addressed to them can be found in the playwright’s work. In the exemplification, the author of the article examines fragments of letters, diaries and poems relating to women who played a special role in the playwright’s life. The purpose of the thesis is not to reveal completely unknown works or events from Feliński’s biography to the reader. The research point of view is primarily an attempt to gather in one publication the works of the Radamist i Zenobia’s author dealing with the women whom the artist met in his life and to whom he did not remain indifferent. These included, among others: Zofia Załęska, Józefa Omiecińska, Emilia and Tekla from the Feliński family and Helena Felińska. The topic seems interesting and definitely deserves wider recognition, because it will present the representative of postanisławowski classicism in a broader and more comprehensive light, yet far from inducing any sensation.

Naruszewicz wśród Węgrów

Author(s): Jerzy Snopek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The author of the article depicts an unknown chapter of the history of Adam Naruszewicz’s reception abroad in the age of Enlightenment. He presents two testimonies of the interest in the life and work of the eminent Polish historian and poet in the circles of Hungarian Enlightenment: a short biographical study written by János Molnár published in the magazine Magyar Könyvház and the correspondence of József Csehy, who planned to translate the poems of Naruszewicz but his too early and sudden death in the battlefield made it impossible for him to do so.

Powieści Anny Mostowskiej – ponowne odczytanie

Author(s): Monika Urbańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Mostowska`s novel had no editon since it`s first publication in the first decade of XIX century. For years her literary output was ignored and depreciated. Undoubtely in spite of some flaws, Mostowska` s literary output includes didactic value, innovatory current and tendency. Mostowska was one from the first woman writers. She engaged herself in cultural and literary life, watched over publication of her works. The premise of modern editing Mostowska`s novel is not only to allow reading after two hundred years of break, in the optimum editorial form, but also to show Mostowska`s achievements in a new light. Contemporary edition is an attempt to re‑read and objectify the clerical image of this author. At the beginning of the edition appeared belief or argument that language fault of author should not prevent the critical edition, especially when we are dealing in the artistic achievements, which was not published outside the first edition ever.

(Nie)przyjemne zabawy wierszem pod okiem redaktora Naruszewicza

Author(s): Grzegorz Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Words of Jan Albertrandi which he said in 1770, explaining the reasons for publishing the magazine ‘Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne’, expressed an enthusiasm about the possibility of achieving by Poles the state of the spiritual and intellectual maturity in a short time. The result of such attitude of the editor was his willingness to provide to potential readers of the magazine the entertainment meeting their expectations, characterizing post‑Sarmatian customs. Quite quickly however in ‘Zabawy…’ there appeared the opinions of people whose point of view was different than that one of Albertrandi, because of their critical assessment of the condition of Polish Enlightenment elites. Perhaps the most important of such voices was a text of very young poet Tomasz Kajetan Węgierski. The significance of his ode (About disrespect towards learned men) was largely the result of the fact that it was addressed to Adam Naruszewicz, not only one of the leading figures of the magazine from the very beginning of its existence but also the man being the favourite poet of King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The undertone of this work was harmonizing, paradoxically, to the meaning of numerous poems, also printed in that time in ‘Zabawy…’, directed against Bar confederates and written in the circle of people close to the king, like Antoni Korwin Kossakowski, the author of the poem entitled To the Nation and Posterity.

Kolacjonowanie przekazów wierszy Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina na podstawie wybranych liryków zawartych w autografie poety – dylematy edytorskie

Author(s): Beata Bednarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin has created manuscript for a few years. It was a kind of his poetical will. In this collection, titled Poezje Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina ręką własną pisane, author included works published in three previous collections volumes of verse as well as completely new poems. Reused works had many editorial alterations compared to original ones. First time published works had been totally unknown before. Poezje Franciszka Dionizego Kniaźnina ręką własną pisane was not published as printed, scientific edition yet. This article describes today’s editor dilemmas about making a critical edition of four first book contained in the first volume of autograph. Mainly it is focused on the problem of comparasion variants of particular texts, which often are very different.