Co znaczy straszyć? Próba analizy semantycznej

Author(s): Joanna Wołoszyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The predominant goal of this article is to offer a semantic analysis of the conceptof frightening/scaring. To begin with, lexical units incorporating the verb straszyć aredistinguished and listed as follows: ktoś/coś straszy czymś, coś straszy gdzieś I, coś straszygdzieś II, ktoś straszy kogoś czymś and ktoś straszy kogoś, że_. Afterwards, two of the selectedunits are discussed in detail, namely – ktoś straszy kogoś czymś and ktoś straszy kogoś, że_. Theconducted analysis has shown that they describe two different types of fear – the literal feelingof being in danger, as well as the thought that something bad may happen. Furthermore,it has been discovered that despite the presence of the verb grozić (threaten) in a dictionarydefinition of the verb straszyć (scare), phrases ktoś straszy kogoś, że_ and ktoś grozi komuś, że_are not synonymous but rather hyponymous in nature. The aforementioned considerationsare followed by an attempt to define the examined sequences.

Medioonomastyka w ramach mediolingwistyki

Author(s): Mariusz Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The paper shows how the basic foundations of mediolinguistics may constitute a possible theoretical background of analyzing the functions of proper names within the structure of the media broadcast.Słowa kluczowe: onomastyka; nazwy własne; media; lingwistyka; przekaz medialny

Gramatyka języka polskiego Adama Antoniego Kryńskiego

Author(s): Izabela Stąpor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

Editing Slavic studies: selected approaches

Author(s): Grzegorz Koneczniak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The following study offers an editorial and e-editorial stance on “Slavic studies, ” seen externally as a field of research and found in publication titles. Advanced interactive and digital elements will be investigated on the basis of selected volumes and applications.

ВТОРО СЛОВО НА РОЖДЕСТВО ХРИСТОВО В РЪКОПИС НИМ24 - КОМПИЛАТИВЕН ПРЕВОД НА ЙОАН ЕКЗАРХ

Author(s): Maria Spasova,Kamen Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2017

The object of study hereby is The Second Homily on the Birthday of Christ as found in the two oldest Slavic transcripts in NIM24 and Zogr94. The homily is attributed either to John Chrysostom or to John the Exarch. The aim of the study, is through a comparison of the Slavic transcripts with the Greek text of the sixth homily on the Gospel of Matthew by John Chrysostom, to determine whether the Homily is a translation or a compiled work by John the Exarch. Based on the analysis of the grammatical peculiarities of the translation, found in the two transcripts, as well as through a comparative study of 105 rare lexemes, in the NIM24, a conclusion is drawn that The Second Homily on the Birthday of Christ is a compiled translation of selected excerpts, constituting 2/3 of the Greek text of the 6th sermon by John Chrysostom. The selection of the excerpts is made by the translator, who is also the editor and complier. In the process of translation, he had “welded” together the excerpts from John Chrysostom’s 6th Lecture with interpolated words, expressions, whole sentences and larger text entities. The translator and compiler is doubtlessly John the Exarch, and this is categorically proven by the lexical study of rare lexemes.

Славянские глаголы подводного перемещения: параллели и расхождения

Author(s): Kaname Okano / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2018

This paper examines the semantics and etymology of Slavic verbs with the meaning of underwater motion such as diving, immersing, sinking and drowning. The contemporary Slavic languages possess a certain number of verbal lexes describing underwater motion which are inherited from the oldest stratum of the Common Slavic and Indo-European lexicon (e.g. *nerti, *grǫziti, *roniti, *topiti, *daviti). Their semantics and distribution, however, differ partially or sometimes even totally in every contemporary Slavic language due to their own historical development and semantic changes. The main purposes of this paper are to demonstrate initial parallels and divergences in the semantics of the underwater motion verbs in the contemporary Slavic languages including some literary microlanguages such as Upper and Lower Sorbian and Vojvodina Ruthenian, and to shed the light on the patterns of their semantic changes. Great attention will be paid not only to the etymology of the verbs in question, but also to their semantic behavior and function in each lexical system.

In memoriam: Akademik Zdzislav Stieber (1903–1980)

Author(s): Zofia Maliszewska / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/1981

Istaknuti naučnik, polonista i slavista, član Poljske akademije nauka, član Akademije nauka Bosne i Hercegovine, autor brojnih radova iz oblasti poljske i slovenske fonologije, dijalektologije, onomastike, istorije poljskog književnog jezika i istorije slovenske gramatike Zdzislaw Stieber umro je 12. oktobra 1980. godine.

Adaptacija slovenskih naziva u srpskohrvatskom tekstu

Author(s): Bogdan L. Dabić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1976

Автор рассматривает ассимиляцию славянских слов в сербохорватском тексте. В основном он касается адаптации фонологической, а лишь изредка рассматривает ассимиляцию этих слов на морфологическом уровне. Как известно, славянские народы не достигли той взаимности культурноГг и литературной, о которой мечтали чешские „будители” и хорватские „иллирийцы. Тем не менее сотрудничество между отдельними славянскими народами никогда не переставало. В наше время существует уже 12 славянских литературных языков. На Балканском полуострове функционирует теперь 4 языка: в Югославии 3 (сербохорватский, словенский и македонский), в Болгарии 1 — болгарский. Словенцы используют латинский шрифт, Болгары и Македонцы употребляют кириллицу а носители сербохорватског языка употребляют два алфавита. Среди восточных Славян формировались 3 литературных языка: белорусский, украинский и русский. Среди западнославянских народов формировались 5 литературных языков: в Чехословакии 2 — чешский и словацкий, в Польше 1 — польский, а в Чехословакии 2 — чешский и словацкий, в Польше 1 — польский, а в Немецкой Демократической Республике — 2 славянских языка: верхнелужицкий и нижнелужицкий. Все восточнославянские народы употребляют кириллицу, а все западнославянские народы используют латинский шрифт. Автор даёт оценку, насколько удачны некоторые решения сербохорватского правописания. Как известно, орфография сербохорватског языка является. фонетически. Именно с этой точки зрения автор даёт свои критические замечания относительно последовательного применения прокламированных принципов (фонетических) сербохорватского правописания. В частности автор ратует за то, чтобы русские названия содержащие смягчённые Л и Н переда вать сербохорватским LJ и NJ. На пример, Koroljov, Bunjin за русское Королёв Бунин, С другой же стороны, автор предлагает в польских названиях писать сербохорватские согласные Š и Ž вместо польских Š, Ž. Его аргумент в том, что названные польские согласные представляют собой Ш-звук и Ж-звук (а не С-звук и 3-звук, как это казалось би в теперешнем написании.) На пример, Zošja, Kažjo за польское Zosia, Kazio. Вообще, автор считает, что в процессе перенимания славянских слов в сербохорватский текст мы должны стремится максимальной верности, но одновременно мы нс должны забывать, что в этом деле фонетика должна подчиняться фонологии.

O mogućnostima transkripcije sa slovenskih jezika koji se služe latinicom

Author(s): Bogdan L. Dabić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1974

Pojam transkripcija upotrebljavam ovdje u jednom modificiranom ne baš terminskom smislu: ovdje on ima značenje pisanja slovima i fonemskim inventarom srpskohrvatske latinice, u smislu naših navika fonetičkog pisanja stranih riječi, mahom antroponima i toponima. Latiničnim pismom danas se služi većina slovenskih nacija, mada broj Slovena koji se služe ćirilicom preteže. Zapadni Sloveni svi pišu latinicom: Česi, Slovaci, Poljaci, Lužički Srbi. Od južnih Slovena samo Bugari i Makedonci služe se isključivo ćirilicom. Slovenci se služe isključivo latinicom. U srpskohrvatskom jeziku u upotrebi su oba pisma. Preciznije rečeno, stvari praktično stoje ovako: Hrvati se služe latinicom, a Srbi upotrebljavaju oba pisma: ćirilica im je glavno pismo, ali ne zaziru ni od latinice. Srbi su, takođe, jedini slovenski narod koji je dvoazbučan. U tome se ogleda njihova politička i kulturna istorija.

A szlovák nyelv és a szlovák–magyar kétnyelvűség, A beszélt szlovák nyelv szociolingvisztikai vizsgálata a Nagykürtösi (Veľký Krtíš) járásban

Author(s): Ladislav György / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2019

The contribution takes a comparative stance; it provides general characterization of the Slovak-Hungarian bilingualism in the ethnically mixed territory of Slovakia. Within the studied diglossia and bilingual processes, the problems of describing the language users (monolingual and bilingual speakers), their [speakers’] classification according to particular types of bilingualism, and the categorization into the specific groups of bilingual families etc. are specified. The work deals with the systemic and structural analysis of the monolingual and bilingual speakers’ spoken communication and explains the question of diglossia and bilingual communication in detail from the point of view of the description of various transference phenomena. It also offers opinions including general characteristic of the spoken Slovak in district Veľký Krtíš.

За новите „аналитични прилагателни” в българския и чешкия език

Author(s): Mihaela Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/2018

The aim of the article is to analyze a group of indeclinable adjectives, for example Czech words such as: antisexy, cache, gay, crimes, ethno, retro, top, etc. The analysis of the lexical and grammatical properties of the examined units (mainly of English origin) questions their belonging to the adjective group in the vein of other studies. It takes the view that the units surveyed fulfill the function of attributes in the composita.

Relikty polszczyzny północnokresowej na rubieżach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (południowe ziemie obwodu pskowskiego). Cz. I

Author(s): Mirosław Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The present paper consists of two parts, and presents the spoken Polish of the North-Eastern Borderland, as well as borrowings from Polish which function in the dialects of the Pskov province. Three regions with different histories have been included. The southern lands of the Pskov province (the area which belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1772) were described in the first part of the article. The sociolinguistic situation and loanwords borrowed from Polish (or via Polish) were analysed basing on two sources: the author’s materials collected during dialectological field research, and material from The Pskov Regional Dictionary with Historical Data. The Pytalovo region (which belonged to Latvia in the interwar period) and the historical Pskov region (where there were no Polish settlements) were described in the second part of the paper. Two sources were used: The Pskov Regional Dictionary with Historical Data, and The Dialectological Dictionary of One Family (Pytalovo Region of the Pskov Province).

Szlachta grodzieńska na początku XXI w. – język i tożsamość. Zarys problematyki

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The subject of the paper is the nobility of the Grodno region at the beginning of the 21st century. Basing on archival queries and field explorations, the author identifies three clusters of gentry areas near Grodno, Belarus, that survived till our time. She draws attention to the fact that their inhabitants still speak Polish, and are acutely aware of their belonging to the nobility, which awareness is passed from one generation to the next. Further, she emphasizes that the language of the inhabitants of the various clusters is not identical, and also differs significantly from the language of Polish residents of rural areas. The author postulates the value of research into the language and identity of Grodno nobility as an important element of the unique culture of Polish-Belarusian borderland. The paper has been prepared within the Thesaurus Poloniae scholarship program of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland.

Z etymologii łemkowskich. Cz. III

Author(s): Adam Fałowski,Wiktoria Hojsak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The present paper is the third part in the Lemko etymologies series; analysed in it are words beginning with letters Ж–З: жбыр, жґыртати, жґрынджати, жджар, жджок, жоґати, жомба, жуграти, забіль, зайда, заниско (занізка), збаршніти (зборшніти), збрескнути, згацькати, згырити ся, згужвати (зужвати), згусувати ся, зґырцати, здабати, зипы, зрешіти, зуноватися, зьдіватися. Authors attempt to establish the origin of those words, taking into account data from etymological, historical, and dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages and dialects, as well as from the neighbouring non-Slavic languages, thereby outlining a broad comparative background. They propose additions and corrections to previous etymological findings regarding some of the discussed words.

Nikolai Leskov v aspektu překladu: jazyková hra a frazeologie

Author(s): Elena SELIVERSTOVA / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2019

The continuing interest in the artistic word reveals all the new aspects of the study of the writers’ language, the methods of usage of the linguistic units in their works. This article brings together in one focus several problems: the study of the language creativity of N.S. Leskov, manifested in the creation of unforgettable speech portraits of characters, who, in search of expressiveness, realize their creative abilities, using already known words and expressions or creating the new ones. Occasional expressions, used to achieve maximum expressiveness and intensity of the transmitted value, can be read in the same text in different ways. The multiple transformation of stable expressions is especially typical for the writer, therefore it is difficult not only to interpret the author’s phraseology in Leskov’s works, but also to translate. The Czech translators using the principle of functional similarity try to keep ways of usage of the units created by the author and to inform the reader of expressivity, emotional sounding and esthetic functions of the original.

Features of the text field of the First Psalm of Psalter in Czech and Polish tradition

Author(s): Tatiana Anikina,Lidia Grigorieva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article is about comparing the transcriptions of Psalm 1 in Psalter into Czech and Polish. The Bible kralická, the Czech ecumenist translation, the translation of Fajman representing the Czech hymnological tradition and the transcriptions of psalms into Polish by Jakub Wujek, Jan Kochanowski and Czesław Miłosz are considered. The stylistic analysis suggests that the Hussite tradition is strong in Czech hymnology. The latter suggests utmost simplicity and accessibility of understanding of biblical texts. Polish tradition preserves the ambiguity of biblical word, and the associated ambiguity in interpretation of the nuances of biblical text. The arrangements of Kochanowski employ more complex metaphoricity and tend to clarify the text of the Psalm.

Využití paralelního korpusu v translatologii (na základě česko-polského InterCorpu)

Author(s): Andrzej Charciarek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

This article is devoted to the use of the Intercorp parallel corpus in translation theory. In the research selected phrasemes have been used in order to show possibilities of using the parallel corpus in translation. Particular focus has been put on translation equivalence and its criteria with reference to the material from the parallel corpus. Also, the specificity of Czech-Polish and Polish-Czech translation has been described, which provided a context for particular InterCorp resources. The analysis indicated usefulness of the corpus-driven material in the search of adequate translator’s solutions. The article contributes to theoretical analysis related to the role of parallel corpora in the translator’s work.

Percepce výslovnostních chyb učiteli českého jazyka

Author(s): Jana Vlčková-Mejvaldová,Stanislav Štěpáník / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

Pronunciation is one of the basic characteristics of one’s speech culture. This teaching should lead to the development of speaking skills, whose part is also mastering the orthoepic norm. One of the preconditions of that is the teachers’ subject matter knowledge, their own practically mastery of Czech orthoepy. The paper brings the results of a study conducted with a sample of 148 teachers from Czech primary and lower- and upper-secondary schools which researched the teachers’ ability to detect pronunciation errors in a segment of continuous speech. The results indicate that the awareness of the orthoepic norm among Czech language teachers is rather insufficient, and that there is quite strong correlation between the teachers’ knowledge of the orthoepic norm and the pronunciation errors their pupils make.

LA TRADUCTION DES UNITÉS NON-STANDARD DANS L’ESPACE LITTÉRAIRE FRANÇAIS-UKRAINIEN

Author(s): Andriy Bilas / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2018

The article aims at describing the sociolinguistic problems of literary translation. Supported by recent studies, the analysis leads to concrete proposals of developing methods of translating non-standard elements of modern French literature into Ukrainian. The factors of non-standard elements adequate rendering in the Ukrainian translation of the French fiction text are determined.

L’IMPÉRATIF POLONAIS VERSUS L’IMPÉRATIF FRANÇAIS

Author(s): Renata Krupa / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

The Polish imperative and its French counterpart do not play the same role in the formulation of direct speech acts. In Polish, the imperative can express a wider range of values: from polite demand to categorical order. However, this is conditioned by certain parameters like language style, context, situation, intonation, profile of speakers, etc. In French, the possibilities of using the imperative in the exchanges are much more restricted and often reserved for the expression of brutal injunctions. Different socio-cultural norms impose different language usages.