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Panchroniczne gniazdo słowotwórcze leksemu słowo

Author(s): Karolina Tomala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article presents and analyzes a panchronic word-formative nest, whose center constitutes the lexeme słowo. Derivatives of verbs, nouns and adjectives have been analyzed here successively. Each section describes changes that have occurred over time in both the lexis belonging to the family of discussed words and the semantics of selected lexemes. As it turns out, throughout history the formative nest of the lexeme słowo has undergone transformations, which has been connected with part of the derivatives becoming obsolete and the structure of many others undergoing semantic changes.

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Polskie czasownikowe nazwy głosów zwierząt w ujęciu diachronicznym i dialektologicznym

Author(s): Aleksandra Domogała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The subject of this article is how the verbs which refer to animal noises are described from the perspective of diachronic semantics. Based on various lexicographical studies, the authoress is trying to present changes in meaning, which the examined units have undergone. To this end, she focuses primarily on analyzing the left-hand valency position of verbs designating animal voices, according to the assumption that the changes, which the tested units have undergone, relate primarily to their collocation with animal names. Among the verbs discussed here, next to lexemes functioning well in the lexical system of contemporary Polish language, there are also units which disappeared in the process of development of the Polish language. Using dictionaries of slang, the authoress attempts to locate the missing units in dialects of the Polish language.

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Językowy obraz Boga w „Kazaniach sejmowych” Piotra Skargi

Author(s): Kamila Wincewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

In the era of the Counter-Reformation homiletics was, among others, of a persuasive nature. The writers wanted to convince their audience their way of thinking was the right one at all costs. An example of such a highly persuasive collection of homilies is “Sejm Sermons” by Piotr Skarga. This article attempts to look at the historic text from the cognitive perspective. It refers to a linguistic image of God, created by different text units: words, metaphors and idiomatic expressions, which form several semantic groups. A vocabulary analysis shows that the image of God is twofold: on the one hand, it is a benevolent God, a merciful ruler, but on the other, he is characterized by wrath, vengeance or chastisement.

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Zagadka języka staropolskiej legendy o Świętej Dorocie

Author(s): Karolina Borowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The Article aims at revising the existing views on the so-called old-Polish legend about St. Dorothy, a linguistically interesting monument, which so far has not undergone any in-depth linguistic analysis. The authoress has sought to demonstrate that the “Old Polish” text should not be regarded as a translation from Czech, as the Polish language was not necessarily to be the target language, in which the scribe wanted to commit the story to paper; moreover, the text’s “mixed” linguistic nature may arise from its borderline (Silesian) provenance – since the “legend”, in fact, constitutes a song, that is an oral composition. The article also juxtaposes fragments of the old-Polish text with five Czech songs about St. Dorothy, which have survived to the present times, thus making it possible to show that, apart from numerous similarities and fragments, which in isolation can be perceived as translations, the Polish version and its Czech counterparts show in places significant discrepancies. This excludes the possibility of finding a close relationship between the Polish text and either of the Czech versions, and suggests that the Polish version may have existed in oral circulation for a long time, irrespectively of the written model; at the same time, it allows for an assumption that in the Middle Ages, there might have been more versions of this song in the Polish language.

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Strach oswojony, strach zapomniany? Próba uchwycenia śladów dawnych śląskich wierzeń we współczesnej leksyce (na przykładzie nazwy niby-osoby bebok)

Author(s): Alicja Bronder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Based in the field of ethnolinguistics, the present article is devoted to the issue of vocabulary used in ancient Silesian folk beliefs. For the purpose of the article, the name of a quasi-human character – bebok – has been selected from folk texts and analyzed; observations have been carried out regarding grammar, semantic and pragmatic aspects of the lexeme. In the study, two methods have been employed, namely: the lingual representation of the world (“Językowy obraz świata”; JOS) and the theory of holistic evaluation. The collected material has allowed for creating a cognitive definition of the lexeme. The results have been juxtaposed with the most common and most interesting revisions of the quasiperson’s name, as present in a different context of the Internet. This juxtaposition made it possible to highlight changes in the structure and functioning of the lexeme, as well as to indicate differences between the ancient and modern systems of judging reality, contained in language.

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Legenda miejska – między folklorem a wymaganiami nowoczesności

Author(s): Beata Duda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Is there a place for communication deeply rooted in oral tradition in the times of visual culture? The authoress is trying to find an answer to this question through an in-depth look at the urban legend – a type of communicate which derives from folklore and constitutes a continuation of traditional, oral records. She has analyzed selected present-day legends with particular consideration of their place in a wide expanse of mass media. Another subject of interest for her is also the level of attractiveness of this type of communications for the recipient – a participant of media discourse.

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Co mówi, jak mówi i kim jest Bóg – bohater memów oraz reklam religijnych zamieszczanych na katolickich fanpage’ach?

Author(s): Katarzyna Trefler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This article constitutes an analysis of Catholic religious memes and advertising materials posted on Facebook, in which the hero is God. The authoress lists and discusses the characteristics of this type of texts: colloquialisms, ways of communicating typical for communication in virtual reality, persuasiveness and transformation of the traditional image of God, functioning in the language and culture.

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Co reklama mówi dzieciom o świecie? Socjalizacyjna oferta reklamy

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Apart from encouraging people to purchase various products, advertising also transmits knowledge about social life. At the same time, for a child at preschool age, who is happy to watch them, commercials become the environment of socialization. Examining advertising message that is addressed to children, as well as the cultural content passed on to them, constitutes the objective of this work. For its implementation, it has proved useful to treat the advertisement communicate as a whole – the verbal layer is therefore analyzed along with other codes of advertising. The analysis is based on commercials broadcast on the TVP ABC channel.

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Przejawy tendencji do ekonomiczności środków językowych w zakresie wymowy i podsystemu fonologicznego

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article presents manifestations of the tendency to economize language means and to spare effort in pronunciation and on the phonological level of language. Essentially, the phenomena presented in the article relate to Polish, but also to other languages, for example Arabic. The author discusses the phonetic assimilation and simplification, the observable today pronunciation habits of Poles and representatives of other nationalities, pays attention to the problems of speech sound perception and production, and argues that phonetization and phonologization only seemingly contradict the economy of language.

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Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na Grodzieńszczyźnie

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

The article presents the analysis of features of the Polish language displayed in gravestone inscriptions of the chosen Catholic cemeteries of Grodno region – Kvasovka, Indura, Vereyki, Replya, Lunno, Volpa, Ros. The author briefly describes the districts where research was conducted, gives a general characteristics of the cemeteries and analyses the Polish language inscriptions in gravestones, noting regional linguistic features.

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Referencia na hovoriaceho v dialogickej komunikácii v slovenčine: verbálna osoba verzus osobné zámeno

Author(s): Jana Kesselová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03+04/2018

The paper is a part of a wider study with the research aim to learn about Slovak-language users’ means of language that primarily focus on human as a (non-)participant of a communicative act (personal deixis) and as a bearer of social roles and relations (social deixis). The subject of this research is explicit self-reference of a speaker in a dialogic communication. By explicit self-reference we mean self-identification of a speaker using a combination of verbal flexion together with personal pronoun I (ja). The study examines the relationship between verb semantics and explicit selfreferencing on the data of the Corpus of Spoken Slovak.Key words: personal deixis, social deixis, spoken communication, deictic center, Slovak language, the corpus-linguistic method.

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Kognitívna analýza konceptov emócií ako interpretačných konštruktov slovenského jazykovo-kultúrneho spoločenstva

Author(s): Mária Kyseľová Matiová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03+04/2018

The part of elementary postulates of cognitive linguistics is the premise that metaphor is not only linguistic but also primary mental and culturally determined phenomenon that allows us to think and communicate about abstract entities as sensually perceived things or phenomena. Human being, his interpretation of the world is largely contingent on the correlation of physical and subjective experiences. This causes the same metaphors in genetically and typologically different languages. On the other hand, we register conceptual metaphors reflecting intercultural differences that are conditional on specific religious and cultural ideas, historical-ideological development of the given community and its cultural tradition. The aim of the work is cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors of selected emotional concepts in Slovak language. The research of concept „profiling“ also implies broader cultural aspect.

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Cyrilské písomníctvo na Slovensku do konca 18. storočia. Protokol z verejnej oponentúry projektu APVV-14-0029 medzinárodným panelom odborníkov

Author(s): Svetlana Vašíčková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2018

This paper provides basic information from the systematic and integrated research of the Cyrillic literature in Slovakia until the end of the 18th century with an emphasis on participation of the Slovak language and cultural horizons. The paper documents the progress of the project results opposing by the International expert panel.

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Z porovnávacieho výskumu o mentalite Slovákov a Ukrajincov: Obraz Slovákov v slovenských a ukrajinských textoch v národných korpusoch

Author(s): Jarmila Kredátusová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2022

The image of Slovaks in Slovak and Ukrainian journalism is part of a broader comparison of research on the mentality of Slovaks and Ukrainians and contributes in the theory of knowledge to the linguistic and cultural image of both nations. In the study, the author describes those components (schemes and constructs) that have appeared in Slovak journalism over the past decade, as well as in Ukrainian journalism for the same period. It is therefore a matter of looking at the Slovaks from the inside (by themselves) and from the outside (by their neighbors – the Ukrainians). The author works with the corpus collocative method as one of the linguistic research methods and helps with the description with the method of psycholinguistics

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Slovenský komitét slavistov a jeho podiel na medzinárodnom zviditeľňovaní akademických slavistických výskumov

Author(s): Peter Žeňuch / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2022

The development of Slovak Slavic science in the international context depends primarily on the competitiveness of its results, which are measurable in Slavic research especially in terms of their acceptance in the national and international context. The paper focuses on some program lines of Slavic scientific research, which are carried out in the environment of academic Slavic studies in coordination with the Slovak Committee of Slavists. In this context, cooperation with the International Committee of Slavists and Slavic research institutes abroad plays a special role.

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Правци и перспективе славистичких истраживања у пројектима Комисије за наставу словенских језика и књижевности

Author(s): Ljiljana Bajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/2022

The paper presents a review of the scientific and research activities, as well as the projects carried out by the Commission for the Teaching of Slavic Languages and Literature, which include the theoretical and methodological foundations and practices of university teaching in relation to Slavic studies in Slavic and non-Slavic countries. A brief overview of the Commission’s scientific conferences and publications is put forward, illustrating the activities of the Commission to date and providing a review of methodological, linguo-methodological and didactic themes and competencies in the sphere of academic Slavic research and teaching. In a broader sense, the topic of the paper is linked to the Slavic movement and the activities of Slavists within the International Committee of Slavists (ICS).

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Vyjadrenie metaforických temporálnych súvislostí v slovanskom jazykovom obraze sveta

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2023

The author analyses the metaphorical verbo-nominal constructions strácať čas (waste time) and zabíjať čas (kill time) in Slovak and Slavic languages. By pointing out the existence of their equivalents in other European languages used in the close area (Hungarian, German, Romanian, Italian), they conclude that the constructions are not exclusively bound to the Slavic environment and call them arealisms. They also examine this structural-semantic model from the aspect of phraseological theory and lexicographical practice, finding out that the lexicographical characteristics of the phrases strácať čas (waste time) and zabíjať čas (kill time) in the dictionaries of the various Slavic languages are not identical. The essence of the phenomenon of time in general is also approached through the views of ancient philosophers and Christian scholars.

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Miesto rusínčiny v rodine slovanských jazykov

Author(s): Júlia Dudášová-Kriššáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2023

During last four decades, a new group of Slavonic languages was formed in Slavistics: Standard Slavonic Languages (славянские литературные микроязыки). This term was intruduced into Slavonic language science by a Russian Slavonist A. Duličenko and it is used to mark languages of ethnic minorities, which were codified at the end of the last century and at the beginning of this century after sociopolitical changes in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe and after fol-lowing desintegration of federated state formations into national languages, within which new minority languages were formed. We consider as Standard Slavonic micro-languages those ones, which have the status of standard languages and which were used in education, literature, theatre, media and ecclesiastical spheres. The oldest Slavonic micro-language is Vojvodine Ruthenianas a language of Vojvodian Ruthenians in Vojvodine in Serbia (1974). On the second place, there is (Carpathian) Ruthenian as a standard language of the Ruthenians in Carpatian region: in Slovakia (1995), in Poland (2009), in Carpathian Ukraine [there was not yet officially declared status of standard language) and in Hungary (revitalization is going on)], Kabushian language in Poland (2005), Bosnian language (1995), Montenegro language (2007). In western Poland, in region of Upper Silesia so called (Upper) Silesian „etnolekt“ is being formed, which is used as communication means in common communication, in literature and in some printed media. Commission also deals with the research problem of these Standard Slavonic microlanguages for language contacts at the International committee of Slavonists, which organizes international congresses of Slavists every five years.

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Interferencje w strefie polsko-ukraińskich kontaktów językowych

Author(s): Uliana Hirniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

W artykule zostało przedstawione zjawisko polsko-ukraińskiej interferencji językowej, do którego dochodziło najczęściej na ziemiach Kresów Wschodnich bądź terytoriach przygranicznych obu krajów. O interferencji językowej mówimy wtedy, gdy mamy do czynienia z procesami zachodzącymi w komunikacji co najmniej dwujęzycznej. Jest to długotrwały, wielostronnie skomplikowany oraz niejednolity proces przenikania się elementów z jednego języka do drugiego. Proces interferencji dotyczy przede wszystkim leksyki i fonetyki, ale obejmuje również fonologię, morfologię, składnię i stylistykę. W przypadku zapożyczeń z dwóch różnych języków mówimy o tak zwanej interferencji zewnętrznej widocznej najczęściej na płaszczyźnie leksykalnej i fonetycznej. Liczne badania dowodzą, że dość częstym zjawiskiem są interferencje zachodzące w imiennictwie osobowym ludności polskiej zamieszkałej na dawnych obszarach ZSRR. Ponadto udowodniono, że ludność polskojęzyczna mieszkająca na terytorium Ukrainy uległa silnemu wpływowi języka ukraińskiego i z czasem utworzyła „dialekt kresowy”, który z biegiem czasu wpłynął również na język ogólnonarodowy. Z drugiej strony badania językowe wykazują silny wpływ języka polskiego na gwary zachodnioukraińskie, zwłaszcza na dialekt łemkowski oraz nadsański. Polonizmy w języku ukraińskim oraz rutenizmy w języku polskim przeszły i czasem nawet nadal przechodzą semantyczno-stylistyczną ewolucję, czego świadectwem są liczne badania naukowe i przedstawione w nich przykłady językowe.

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Jezičke promjene u pisanim medijima u BiH 1992.-2002

Author(s): Marijana Nikolić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/2004

Sve što ima oblik podložno je promjeni, pa je razumljivo da se i jezik neprestano mijenja. Jezičke promjene dešavaju se u cilju njegovog prilagođavanja zahtjevima i potrebama društvenih zajednica koje se tim jezikom služe.Te promjene mogu biti izazvane unutarnjim lingvističkim, ali i brojnim vanlingvističkim faktorima jer je «Jezik društveno - historijska kategorija tijesno povezana sa «haosom» vanjskih zbivanja unutar države i naroda.» (Dž.Jahić,Školski rječnik bosanskog jezika, Svjetlost Sarajevo, 1999.g.str.9). Zato se on može izučavati ne samo u užem, već i u širem lingvističkom smislu, kao element etničke, nacionalne, državne i vjerske pripadnosti naroda koji se njime služe.

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