Zaburzenia syntaktyczne wewnątrz fraz nominalnych w komputerowej konwersji tekstu z języka angielskiego na polski i rosyjski. Spojrzenie generatywne

Author(s): Ewelina Alwasiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 131/2010

Presented article is the next one of several planned presentations of a larger research project. The overall goal of the presented analysis is to contribute toward improvement of the fully automatic machine translation integrated within search engines. The author tries to answer the question why language syntactic disorders occur in the process of automatic translations of phrases by the Google search mechanism. For comparison selected version of translation — Google, Yahoo and Bing has been analyzed. In the presented article a generative view (the theory of x-bar syntax) on this method theme is proposed as a possible way to avoid such kind of disorders in computer translations.

Ekwiwalencja językowa i kulturowa w angielskim i rosyjskim przekładzie „Wojny polsko-ruskiej pod flagą biało-czerwoną” Doroty Masłowskiej

Author(s): Wacław Osadnik,Natalia Strzelecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 125/2009

The paper consists of two parts. The first one is devoted to the problem of equivalence in translation from the historical perspective. The authors discuss concepts of full, partial and zero equivalence and their understanding from the ancient times to the polysystem theory.The second part contains an analysis of translations of Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną by Dorota Masłowska into English and Russian. The authors give a short overview of the cultural approach to the language and of the behavioral patterns of the “street-boys”. Following, they attempt to illustrate how both translators coped with the specificity of the language of the novel, in order to translate it not only linguistically but also culturally. In the conclusion the authors point to the issues concerning the untranslatability of some of the elements of the source text as well as evaluate how the translated text has been accepted in the target language and culture.

О ДВУХ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫХ МИКРОСИСТЕМАХ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ГНЕВА В РУССКОМ, ПОЛЬСКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Eugeniusz Stefański / Language(s): Russian Issue: 125/2009

The article analyzes two groups of words, which mean different kinds of anger in Russian, Polish and Czech. The author pays special attention to the etymology of these words and reveals peculiarities of these emotion experiences by the Russian, Polish and Czech linguistic personality.

Лексика угорського походження та її тлумачення в історичних словниках української мови

Author(s): Elizabeth Baranye / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The paper based on the work by E. Timchenko “Materials for the dictionary of 15th–18th-century southern Russian written language” represents some words that are similar in pronunciation and meaning in Hungarian and Ukrainian, showing the relationship between these lexical elements, and setting their etymologies

Aspekty lingwistyczne polityki językowej II RP w stosunku do mniejszości ukraińskiej 1918–1939 w Galicji Wschodniej (etnonimy i glottonimy)

Author(s): Katarzyna Hibel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2011

The interwar period was crucial for the development of Polish–Ukrainian relations in the following decades. Political commentaries, studies in linguistics, social sciences, and legislative acts from this period reflect the changes of Polish attitudes towards the Ukrainian minority. In the late 1920s and 1930s, the traditional and exonymic terminology Rusin and ruski was gradually replaced by the new forms Ukrainiec and ukraiński.

Перевод библейских, а также коранических названий священных книг в письменных памятниках татар Великого княжества Литовского и польских переводах Библии и Корана

Author(s): Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2011

The purpose of this analysis is to present the manner of translating the titles of holy books from Hebrew, Greek, and Arabic by Polish and Lithuanian Tartars and by Polish translators of the Bible and the Quran. It also attempts to define the scope and the nature of relations between the translations of the Bible and the Quran and to present the picture of the books in question on the basis of selected source texts. The source texts vary in terms of form and origin and the vocabulary was excerpted from such materials as historical writings of the Polish and Lithuanian Tartars (the texts were written in Arabic and required transcription and transliteration) as well as translations of the Quran into Polish. The words were also selected from the translations of the Bible (16th-century, 17th-century, and contemporary versions).

O jednoj rijetkoj vrsti nesklonjivih pridjeva koji označuju boju

Author(s): Károly Gadányi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2010

The author of the paper gives a sociolinguistic and lexicographic description of a rare group of Slavonic indeclinable adjectives of oriental origin, which have the meaning of colour.

К этимологии венгерского названия darázs ‘оса, шершень’

Author(s): András Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2010

The Hungarian word darázs ‘wasp’ has no acknowledged etymology in the current dictionaries. In this paper, a Slavic etymology is suggested for the Hungarian word from the verb *dražiti ‘to irritate, to provoke’.

Концепт «работа» в венгерском, польском, русском, украинском и хорватском языках: сопоставительный анализ по данным анкетирования

Author(s): Janusz Bańczerowski ,Galina Ryzhukhina,Borbála Gyertyános,Kristina Katalinić,Nelli László / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2009

In this paper the authors present dictionary definitions of the notion work, then they analyse the results of questionnaire materials. The questionnaire contained 16 questions, three of which concerned age, gender and educational level. The rest of the questions were as follows: 1. What does work mean to you? 2. What reaction does the word work trigger? 3. What attributes of the work do you know? 4. The aim of the work. 5. Why must we work? 6. What are the results of the work? 7. What work would you like to do? 8. What is the attitude of the society to work? 9. Why does the society consider work as a value? 10. What is your opinion about unemployment? 11. What is the ideal work? 12. Name the synonyms of the word work. 13. What songs, proverbs, idiomatic expressions, etc. do you know in connection with work? This paper does not contain the results of the last two questions.

Колористическая тематика в исследованиях венгерских славистов

Author(s): Károly Gadányi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The author gives a review of the Hungarian studies of the past decades in the field of naming and function of colours in different Slavonic languages. He describes the monographs and papers that were written about the colour topic by specialists in Slavonic philology from Budapest, Szombathely, Szeged, Nyíregyháza, and other Hungarian centres of Slavonic studies. He also gives a review of the scientific papers written by Hungarian specialists in Slavonic philology in co-authorship with those from other countries.

Славянская лексика звукосимволического происхождения: проблемы этимологизации

Author(s): Zhivka Koleva-Zlateva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

According to etymological dictionaries of Slavic languages, as well as recently issued ones, there should not be any words of sound symbolic origin in these languages or their amount should be very small. This fact, however, contradicts the typological assumption of primitiveness and universality of phonetically motivated words. The present paper discusses two main points of the etymological analysis of words of sound symbolic origin: how to recognize them and how to define the groups of cognates between them in Slavic languages. In the recognition of sound-symbolic words, the reduplication should be considered as a most reliable criterion.In discussing the possibilities of defining the groups of cognates between words of sound- symbolic origin the following points are emphasized. The continuants of the different sound- symbolic origin in the different languages and dialects can have the same or similar phonetic forms and convey the same meaning, too. Since the similar reduplicated forms can be created as sound symbolic denominations of different meanings, blending of sound-symbolic groups of cognates is possible during the evolution. There exist parallel forms with full and partial re-duplication, which convey the same meaning of sound-symbolic origin. This fact supports the hypothesis according to which partial reduplication is historically simply a reduction of full reduplication.

Spracherneuerungen in Mitteleuropa im 19. Jahrhundert - Versuch der Herausbildung muttersprachlicher Terminologien in den mitteleuropäischen Sprachen

Author(s): István Nyomárkay / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2008

In Central and Southern Europe, conscious and planned language reform movements started to unfold in the late 18th century, culminating in the middle of the 19th century. The emergence of specialized terminologies of Czech, Hungarian, and Croatian (as well as, to some extent, of Serbian) shows a number of similarities. Their mental roots can be found in the ideas of the enlightenment. Their fundamental aim was to express, in the respective mother tongues, the new terms of civilization in the broadest sense. That aim was served by the language reform movements whose earliest significant results were embodied in German-based terminological dictionaries of the various Slavonic languages published in the mid-19th century. This paper deals with the reasons, antecedents, and results of those movements.

О пользе книг славянских для истории и этимологии венгерской фразеологии

Author(s): András Zoltán / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1(2)/2007

This paper examines cases when Slavonic parallels of Hungarian phraseologisms help to reveal their common third source (in the analyzed cases—Germ. obs. daran sein ‘to strive for sg, to aim at sg’; Germ. freilassеn ‘to let free’).

Critica et bibliographia

Author(s): I. I. Savickaja,Larisa Stankevich,Michael Moser,Zoltán Farkas,Istvan Frid,Erzsébet Kámán / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2008

Review of: 1. Вугорска-беларускй слоушк. Пад рэд. Атылы ГОЛАТТТА i Ларысы СТАНКЕВШ. I Прэдзьгаэа, 2007. 280 с. - Magyar-fehérorosz szótár. Szerk. HOLLÓS Attila és Larisza SZTANKEVICS. Nyíregyháza, 2007. 280 p. by: И. И. Савицкая (Минск) 2. BELENTSCHIKOW Renate (Hrsg.): Das Russische in zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern. Internationale Fachtagung, Magdeburg, 18.-22.5.2005. БЕЛЕНЧИКОВА Ренате (ред.): Русский язык в двуязычных словарях. Международная научная конференция, Магдебург, 18-22 мая 2005 г. Band 13. 2006. 392 с. by: Лариса Станкевич (Брест—Будапешт) 3. BORYS Wieslaw: Slownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Krakow: Wydawnic- two literackie, 2005. 861 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 4. WITKOWSKI Wieslaw: Nowy slownik zapozyczen polskich w języku rosyjskim. Wydanie drugie, rozszerzone. Kraków: Universitas, 2006. XXIV + 251 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 5. DANYLENKO Andrii: Slavica et Islamica. Ukrainian in Context. (Sagners Slavistische Sammlung 31.) München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2006. 460 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 6. Szűcs Olga: Nyikolaj Bergyajev történetfilozófiája 1901-1924 között írt mű¬vei alapján. Dobroljubov Társadalomtudományi Társaság Közhasznú Egyesület, 2006. 167 p. by: Золтан Фаркаш 7. MARIN EL LI-KÖNIG Gertraud: Russische Kinderliteratur in dér Sowjetunion dér Jahre 1920-1930. Slavistische Beitrage 457. Hrsg. von Peter Rehder. München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007. 293+7 S. by: Иштван Фрид 8. Studia Russica XXI. Литература и визуальность. Под ред. Анны ХАН И Жужи ХЕТЕНИ. Budapest: Institut Philologiae Slavicae Orientalis et Balticae, 2004. 436 p. by: Эржебет Каман

Новосадското творчество на Павел Йозеф Шафарик и българската тематика в него

Author(s): Teodorichka Gotovska-Henze / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

The article presents the main scientific works of one of the most prominent specialist in the field of Slav Studies – Pavel Josef Šafarik, written during his stay among the Serbs in Novi Sad (1819–1833) where he worked as a teacher at a lo¬cal secondary school. Thanks to the long study of Orthodox literary tradition he became an excellent expert in Slav Studies. At that time, he already had the firm opinion that the first Slav literary language – the Church language, used by St. Cyril and St. Methodius – was based on a dialect, different from the Serbian one, but spoken among the Slavs of the Bulgarian group, located in the Thessaloniki district and at the foot of Rila and Pirin mountains. The young scientist intended to visit those places and gather the necessary proves of his idea, however the Russian-Turkish War of 1828–1829 put an end to his plan and in 1833 he left Novi Sad for good. The study of the first Slav literary language however remained his everlasting task in the future.

Uwagi o białorusko-polskich kontaktach językowych w miastach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

Author(s): Jerzy Gordziejew / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2004

The article deals with the development of the Polish language and the Polish- Belarusian language relationship in the cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The text concentrated on the example of the city of Grodno situated in the western part of the Duchy. According to the sources, specific features of the Polish language were that it adopted interesting Belarusian lexical loans, Belarusian personal names written in Latin alphabet. The materials collected contain a lot of examples of the Belarusian influence on the Polish phonetic system. The results of the research problem are discussed on the wide historical background: ethnic structure of the city and the cultural contacts of its inhabitants. The author’s attempt to describe the problem is based on the numerous valuable sources, preserved and gathered in the Belarusian archives: the council files of old Grodno, the court’s records and the Civilian-Military Commission of Grodno district, the inventories of the nobles’ and the monasteries’ possessions and other kinds of contemporary sources.

Что такое «простая мова»?

Author(s): Michael Moser / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2002

The “próstaja mova” is one of the written languages used by both Ukrainians and Belorussians during the 16th and 17th centuries. In this article it is argued that its name is based on a calque of German Gemeinsprache, die gemeine Sprache, a term from the Reformation age. The „prostaja mova” was based on the Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belorussian) chancery language and developed into a literary language because of its growing polyfunctionality, its increasingly superregional character, and its stylistic variability. The norms of the “prostaja mova” were based on its common usage, not on codification. We discuss the role of Church Slavonic and Polish elements on the different levels of this language and try to show that a “prototypical” text written in the “prostaja mova” was a translation from a real or only virtual Polish text, consisting in the “Ruthenization” of its phonology and morphology and, if it was a written text, in a change of the alphabets - the lexicon and the syntax, instead, remained mainly on a Polish basis. Until the 18th century the Polish language itself had gained so much importance among the Ruthenian gentry that the “prostaja mova” had lost its main addressee and was restricted only to some homiletic and cathechetic works for the common people of the Greek-Catholic Church.

Диалог между езици и култури

Author(s): Desislava Velimovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

Słownictwo i frazeologia "Psałterza krakowskiego" (1532) na tle ówczesnych przekładów biblijnych

Author(s): Ewa Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2002

Plałterz albo ko/cielne Jpiewanie Krola Dawida nowo pilnie przełożony z lacińjkiegc ięzika w p o l/k i według Jzczerego tekstu. PraJfowano lata Bożego M. D. XXXII. to trzeci z zachowanych polskich psałterzy, a pierwszy drukowany w 1532 r. w Krakowie w oficynie Hieronima Wietora. Miejsce wydania oraz nazwisko wydawcy posłużyły do stworzenia dwoch identyfikujących zabytek skrotowych jego nazw stosowanych w dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu: przez jednych nazywany jest „Psałterzem krakowskim”, przez innych „Psałterzem Wietora” lub „Wietorowym”

Analiza stylistyczna nazewnictwa w Księgach narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Łucja Maria Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/1993

Die Analyse von Namen fremder Provenienz in Księgi narodu i pielgrzymstwa polskiego hat gezeigt, daß sie eine wichtige stilistische Kategorie darstellen. Die genannten Namen wurden hier auf biblische Art stilisiert. Man kann sie in echt biblische Namen und in stilisierte Namen einteilen. Es überwiegen Namen hebräischer und griechischer Herkunft. Sie befinden sich meist im entsprechend stilisierten Kontext. Auf Archaisierung deuten u. a. auch bestimmte grammatische Formen hin, wie z. B. Żydy (=Akk. Pl.), Żydowie, Filistynowie ( = Nom. Pl.), w Polszczę (=L ok. Sg. Fem.). Die Eigennamen und Deskriptionen spielen hier solche Funktionen wie die poetische, anspielende, lokal und temporal anberaumende, wertende und die expressive. Besonders wichtige Funktion kommt der poetischen und der anspieelnden zu, wodurch ein Zusammenhang mit der Bibel, Authentizität und vor allem besondere Ausdruckskraft erzielt werden konnten.