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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Opening word (Liviu Franga)
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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Opening word (Liviu Franga)
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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Greetings (Ján Gábor)
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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Greetings (Adrian Miroslav Merka)
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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Greetings (Dagmar Hupková)
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International conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the teaching the Slovak language at the University of Bucharest: Greetings (Vieroslava Elisabeta Timar)
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Scientific life: SAS a sasisti pozdravujú rumunských slovakistov (Jana Pekarovičová)
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Scientific life: Pozdrav od slovakistov z Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre (Zuzana Kováčová, Eva Tučná)
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Speech: Pozdrav od slovakistov z belehradskej univerzity (Ljudmila Popović)
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Scientific life: Rozpamätávania Viery Štupákovej na druhú domovinu (Viera Štupáková)
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The article discusses the language base codification of Slovak literary language, codified by A. Bernolák, and its real functioning. Studying of writing before A. Bernolák and A. Bernolák's assertion testify that the idiom, created in South-Western Slovakia and then spread across all Slovak territory, was a codification basis really. However, it was not in classical Trnavian form, but in a peripheral Northern Central Slovak one. Consequently, it is quite a large number of the Central Slovak elements, the use of which was along with the typical West Slovak ones. In the Bernolák's literary language these elements start being lost quickly, more and more increasing the West Slovak character of this literary language.
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Данная статья является попыткой представления в сопоставительном аспекте одной из проблем языкового этикета – специфики функционирования формы сказуемого в процессе языкового общения в официальной и неофициальной коммуникативной ситуации. Отправной точкой наблюдений послужили лингвистические и социолингвистические работы польских и словацких исследователей, посвящённые данной проблематике. Статья отражает результаты сравнительного анализа грамматической формы сказуемого, в высказываниях, отражающих разный уровень вежливости в польском и словацком языке. Автор наблюдает параллельное употребление грамматических форм сказуемого в коммуникативной ситуации «на ты» в польском и словацком языке, а также различия между данными языками, когда общение имеет официальный характер.
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This is the first in a planned series of papers dedicated to Polish Sign Language (PJM) signs denoting speech. It presents an analysis of twenty different signs attested in the Polish Sign Language Corpus (KPJM) in terms of iconicity as well as metonymies and metaphors used in their formation. The conducted analysis showed that two classes of signs can be distinguished in the examined material: iconic signs making use of metonymy and signs motivated by a conceptual metaphor. The former refer exclusively to the production of speech as opposed to signing: the vehicle is the phonetic act (mouth movement or air movement). Metaphoric signs, in turn, consistently rely on the conduit metaphor, refer to both spoken and signed utterances, and focus on transmission of a semantic content.
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This paper is an introduction to the issue of buoys, i.e. signs normally produced with the non-dominant hand to ensure a spatial reference point for signs produced with the dominant hand. Simultaneous constructions of this type have been noticed in numerous sign languages, yet their equivalents have not been described in any detail for Polish Sign Language (PJM). The paper presents what can be said about the use of buoys in PJM on the basis of an analysis of a collection of empirical data extracted from the Corpus of Polish Sign Language (KPJM). The research confirms that certain buoy types (fragment and depicting buoys) are frequent in PJM and can be found in recurring contexts, which speaks for considering them as a part of grammar of this language.
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The aim of this paper is to present the efforts intended to develop the Polish Sign Language sentence reproduction test (PJM-SRT). There are no standardised PJM proficiency tests available yet, which makes it difficult to evaluate language skills of learners of this language. The analysis presented in this paper covers the data obtained from 5 hearing persons who learnt to sign for 2–5 years reaching at least the B2 level. 10 example sentences from PJM-SRT were discussed and a qualitative analysis of their reproduction was performed. What follows from this review is that the sentences included in the test fulfill their role well: they show which elements of the lexical and grammatical system of the PJM are the most challenging for the tested persons.
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The aim of this paper is to describe a selection of the latest neosemanticisms in the Polish language, both the ones the likely source of which is English and the ones coined without such an intermediation. The study describes the following words: menu (a menu), festiwal (a festival), wyspa (an island), and grill (a grill, a barbecue). The description consists in juxtaposing their hitherto meanings (derived from selected dictionaries of Polish) with new meanings, derived mainly from the Internet, and with definitions of the corresponding English words. The paper presents also a brief normative commentary on the described innovations.
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The subject matter of this paper is the thematic structure of the verbal borrowings going out of use in the New Polish period. An extensive material (of 760 positions) was collected based on SJPD (Doroszewski’s Dictionary of Polish) and encompasses lexical units designated with chronological labels. The foreign origin of the words was verified in dictionaries of foreign words. The text presents the quantitative and qualitative arrangement of lexical and semantic fields. The research has shown that nearly a half of the analysed material, i.e. the borrowed verbs going out of use, belonged to the field «human being in a society», and primarily to the following sub-fields: ‹interpersonal relationships› and ‹social relationships›.
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This paper presents an analysis of the borrowed lexis used in press articles concerned with climate change. The aim of the research was to describe the thematic structure of foreign words, which reflects the way in which global warming is perceived by the contemporary human being. The results of the conducted analysis have demonstrated that the greatest share belonged to the vocabulary related to the functioning of the human being in the society. The sphere related to the world of animate and inanimate nature was ranked second.
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This paper presents an analysis of sentences with language units jeszcze (yet, still) and już (already, yet), contained in textbooks for teaching Polish as a foreign language at levels A1 and A2. The aim of the analysis was to distinguish the meanings of these units. At the lowest levels of command of Polish, analogy particles jeszcze and już and temporal exponents jeszcze and już are the most common units. This paper also proposes preliminary forms of definitions adapted to the pre-intermediate level of command of Polish.
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Review of: Jolanta Chojak - IZABELA DURAJ-NOWOSIELSKA, CHCĄC – NIE CHCĄC? INTENCJONALNOŚĆ DZIAŁANIA W WYRAŻENIACH JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO. WPROWADZENIE DO TEMATYKI. KLASA JEDNOSTEK WARTOŚCIUJĄCYCH, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 2021, ss. 755.
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