Akademický slovník současné češtiny

Author(s): Pavla Kochová,Zdeňka Opavská / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the article is to present the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech (Akademický slovník současné češtiny). It is a new monolingual dictionary of contemporary Czech work on which has been in progress since 2012 at the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the CR. The Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech is a medium-sized dictionary with an anticipated total of 120,000–150,000 lexical units. Its objective is to document the widespread vocabulary of contemporary Czech. The article deals with dictionary-making principles concerning both its macrostructure and microstructure.

Nová česká knížka o diskurzu

Author(s): Zdenka Vychodilova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2016

This article is a review of Soňa Schneiderová: Analýza diskurzu a mediální text. Praha: Karolinum, 2015. 164 s.

Přechylování jmen živočichů

Author(s): Barbora Martinkovičová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2016

The derivation of opposite gender forms in the case of animal names is a peripheral language phenomenon which is not covered by grammars in sufficient detail. Therefore, grammars sometimes contain simplified and inaccurate statements. This article describes occurrences of derived opposite gender forms of animal names in dictionaries and their usage. Some of the statements included in grammars are either disproved or further specified here. For example, this article proves the productivity of the frequently overlooked suffix -ka and points out the complexity of markedness of derived opposite gender forms. Although the article is primarily synchronic, it also deals with historical development where necessary.

Interpozice ve staré češtině

Author(s): Olga Navrátilová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The paper focuses on word order in nominal phrases (NP) in which the modifying components of the NP are extracted outside their syntactic domains. These components are separated from the head of their phrase by another word (or words) not bound by the syntactic relations inside the NP, and therefore appear in a distant position, away from the dominating noun. This distant position of NP modifying components tends to be on the periphery in the modern Czech system; however, some authors (e.g. Trávníček, 1956, p. 154) consider it to be a word order variant which is rather typical of earlier stages of Czech language development.

Smiechoval a jiní -valové/-válové ve staré češtině

Author(s): Irena Fuková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The paper analyzes the ambiguous Old Czech lexeme smiechoval/směchoval. It examines its context, textual variants and relationship to the Latin original and compares the different ways it has been addressed in historical dictionaries. Based on word-formational, syntactic and semantic relationships, the lexeme is interpreted as a substantive compound meaning ‘jester, joker’.

Sémantické mapy a slovotvorba aneb K polyfunkčnosti deverbativních slovotvorných prostředků ve staré a střední češtině

Author(s): Jiří Pergler / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The paper examines the multifunctionality of the word-formation suffixes used in the formation of Old and Middle Czech deverbal nouns and the possibility of using semantic maps to analyze this multifunctionality. This methodology is first briefly introduced, then a semantic map of six onomasiological categories used in the word-formation patterns is presented (based on extensive data from Old and Middle Czech dictionaries and lexical databases), showing which combinations of functions are possible in a single suffix and which are not. The map is compared with maps found in the literature and several methodological issues are discussed.

Naše řeč v roce 1817

Author(s): Ondřej Koupil,Veronika Štěpánová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2017

The text is devoted not to the journal Naše řeč [Our Speech], but to “our speech”, i.e. Czech, as mirrored in a handbook of Czech orthography (Hanka, 1817). This pamphlet was the initial part of the conflict between “iotists” (followers of Dobrovský and Hanka’s Czech orthography reform) and “ypsilonists” (their conservative opponents). Part (1) outlines the historical context of Pravopis český [Czech Orthography] from 1817 and its contents. Part (2) deals with the last part of Hanka’s pamphlet — the list of words for which speakers of Czech had to deal with the problematic transition from the spoken to the written form. Hanka recorded many orthographically incorrect forms of the words. An unintended result of his work was a kind of “recording” of contemporary spoken Czech (the most frequent examples of the recorded phenomena were cluster reduction, voicing assimilation and articulatory assimilation). Part (3) considers the theoretical importance of this list as a unique document of the Czech from Hanka’s time. The list reveals much about the actual pronunciation of Czech from that period, as well as the difficulties connected with the “translation” from spoken to written Czech.

Nová automatická morfologická analýza češtiny

Author(s): Klára Osolsobě,Jaroslava Hlaváčová,Vladimír Petkevič,Martin Svášek,Josef Šimandl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2017

A detailed morphological description of word forms in any language is one of the necessary conditions for the successful automatic processing of linguistic data. The aim of this paper is to present a project aimed at a new description of Czech morphology, especially the planned changes in the tagset. The key changes are as follows:1) the unambiguous description of variants;2) the concept of a multiple lemma;3) the revision of part-of-speech definitions.

V Gruntě a Špicberk – toponyma německého původu v pohraničí v současnosti (na příkladu vybraných obcí Jesenicka)

Author(s): Tereza Klemensová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2017

This paper focuses on the toponyms (place names, field names) and the linguistic landscape in the Czech borderlands in the Jeseník region. Based on a combination of qualitative approaches (interviews with the locals) and quantitative ones (analysis of the toponyms in the linguistic landscape), the functions of German geographical names (and the German language in general) in this area are evaluated. The relationship of both local residents and local entrepreneurs to the German place and field names is also explored. The analysis reveals that the names of German origin are sometimes maintained and even revitalized. The revitalization of such names is influenced more by local entrepreneurs than by the local residents.

K vokalické kvantitě u verbálních substantiv na -aní/-ání ve čtyřjazyčném Nomenklátoru Daniela Adama z Veleslavína

Author(s): Jana Zdeňková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with vowel quantity in the verbal nouns ending in -aní/-ání included in Daniel Adam of Veleslavín’s dictionary Nomenclator quadrilinguis (1598). In Old Czech, vowel quantity in these verbal nouns was regulated by rules manifested as rhythmicity, whereas there is no such regulation in Modern Czech. Daniel Adam of Veleslavín’s Nomenclator contains nouns corresponding to the Old Czech vowel quantity restrictions as well as nouns corresponding to those in Modern Czech. In some cases, a phonetic explanation for the vowel quantity observed could be proposed.

Nářečí v českém překladu Falletova románu La soupe aux choux (Zelňačka)

Author(s): Zina Komárková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

In translating the novel La Soupe aux choux (Cabbage Soup) into Czech (as Zelňačka), themain problem seems to lie in the creation of an adequate equivalent of the stylized speech ofthe French villagers from the Bourbon area. A traditional territorial dialect (above all fromMoravia or Silesia) would imply a false location, therefore it proved useful to primarily combinelanguage means belonging to multiple sub-groups of the so-called Czech dialects in thenarrower sense, and to supplement this base with some less current elements (e.g. from Moraviandialects).

K prostředkům jistotní modality v korespondenci Karla Havlíčka

Author(s): Martina Rybová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

This article analyses differences in lexical expressions of epistemic modality between Czech and German in the correspondence of Karel Havlíček. The main focus is on modal particles. Many Czech particles do not have an analogical manner of expression in German, i.e. the modality is expressed in another way. For example, in Havlíček’s German correspondence, the opinion of others is expressed only using a modal verb and a lexical phrase, and not using a modal particle as in Czech. The article discusses the consequences of these irregularities in the domain of transition between word classes.

Oldřich Leška a jeho osobní fond v Archivu Akademie věd ČR aneb Archiválie mají své osudy

Author(s): Hana Kábová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2017

V letošním roce uplynulo devadesát let od narození a dvacet let od úmrtí Oldřicha Lešky, předního českého rusisty a slavisty, odborníka v oblasti obecné jazykovědy, filozofie jazyka, teorie překladu i v dějinách lingvistiky. Narodil se 16. června 1927 v Jablonci nad Nisou; zemřel nedlouho po oslavě svých sedmdesátin 9. srpna 1997 ve Strakonicích.

Osobní fond Adela Rechzieglová, bohemistka-lingvistka

Author(s): Milena Josefovičová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Bohemistka-lingvistka Adela Rechzieglová (1935–2015) patřila ke generaci (nedobrovolných) exulantů, jejichž práce vykonaná v zahraničí – v jejím případě pro češtinu a bohemistiku, je hodna respektu. Osobní písemnosti z její pozůstalosti byly do MÚA AV ČR převzaty v červnu 2015.

Rozvoj jazykových technológií a zdrojov na Slovensku (10 rokov Slovenského národného korpusu). 7.–8. 6. 2012 JÚĽŠ SAV Bratislava

Author(s): Kateřina Najbrtová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2012

Ke slovnímu spojení takže tak (no nehlídala jsem nic .. sebe .. no .. takže tak)

Author(s): Lucie Jílková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 23/2021

The article deals with semantic and prosodic analysis of the Czech expression takže tak. The analysis is based on data drawn from the ORTOFON spoken language corpus and the SYN v 8 written language corpus. The analysis showed that certain intonations of the collocation takže tak correspond to certain meanings. If speakers produce takže tak with falling intonation or with uptalk, then the meaning is a summary, roughly: everything important has been said. If it is produced with flat intonation, then it does not form an independent prosodic and semantic segment; rather it forms a part of a longer segment (preparation, hesitation). The collocation takže tak very often forms an independent turn in conversation. Examples from the SYN v 8 corpus also demonstrated that the expression takže tak can stand independently (Takže tak.), mainly as a part of written conversation, with the meaning of summary.

Souvětí s vedlejšími větami bez syntaktického vztahu

Author(s): Josef Stepan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 23/2021

In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses without a syntactic relationshipthe main sentence is complemented by two subordinate clauses of the first level of subordinationthat are not in a syntactic relationship, cf. Když přišel do hotelu, zeptal se, jestli tam nemánějaké vzkazy. (SYN) [After he had arrived at the hotel, he asked whether he had any messageleft there.] This complex sentence is hierarchically classified in five stages: (1) complex sentencewith subordinate clauses either in distant, or contact position; this is a fundamentaldistinction; (2) complex sentence with the main clause between subordinate clauses (distantposition of subordinate clauses) is classified according to the semantics of the predicate of themain clause (it either has a lexical meaning, or it is formed by the verb být ‘to be’) and complexsentence with subordinate clauses in a contact position according to their position in respectto the main clause (postposition, anteposition); (3) in the whole article it is considered whetherthe subordinate clauses are adverbial or non-adverbial and how the type of subordinate clausesis connected with their order; (4) adverbial clauses are classified to clauses of time, cause,concession etc., non-adverbial clauses into object, attribute etc. clauses; (5) complex sentencewith subordinate clauses in a contact position is distinguished according to the fact whether itis possible to insert the main sentence between the two subordinate clauses or not. The paperis based on the contemporary written Czech and it proceeds from the author’s own extensiveexcerption of both fiction and scientific texts.

K mimoběžné polemice M. Beneše a O. Dufka Kodifikujme deskriptivně

Author(s): Luboš Veselý,Vojtěch Veselý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 25/2022

The paper responds to the paper Let’s codify language descriptively – and by doingthat, let’s practice linguistics! A response to paper by Luboš and Vojtěch Veselý by Martin Benešand Ondřej Dufek, which was formulated as a polemic with the paper Let’s not codify language,let’s describe and explain its norms and usage instead: let’s practice linguistics instead of refininglanguage. In the first part of the paper, the authors comment critically on the line of reasoning aswell as on individual claims of M. Beneš and O. Dufek. Second part of the paper presents analyzesof two cases of a mismatch between the language use and the present codification, namely:1) spelling of the noun výjimka (the form vyjímka is considered incorrect by the codification),2) sentences of the type Byl jsem dítě, kterého když se učitel na něco zeptal, odpovídalo váhavě‘I was a child who answered hesitantly when asked by a teacher’ (in such cases the syntacticengagement of the pronoun který is considered incorrect by the codification, as opposed to thecorrect alternative …které když se ho učitel na něco zeptal…). The aim of the second part of thepaper is 1) to show that codifying language norms in a prescriptive way actually happens, 2) toprovide an attempt to elucidate both phenomena (from word-formation, semantic and phoneticperspectives in the former case, and from semantic-syntactic perspective in the latter case).The authors suggest that a descriptive approach (instead of a prescriptive one) should be optedfor especially with such language phenomena which are difficult to analyze and explain; spellingof the noun výjimka and the question of the syntactic engagement of the pronoun který inthe aforementioned sentence are two examples of such phenomena.

Užitečnost polo- termínů v českém syntaktickém popisu

Author(s): Milada Hirschová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2022

The article discusses the origin, occurrence and use of terms referring to syntactic phenomena marked by a lower level of their categorical specialization. While the terms polosponové sloveso (‘semi-copula’) and polopredikativní konstrukce (‘semi-predicative construction’) can be considered as traditional, the term polovedlejší věta (‘semi-subordinate clause’) was introduced relatively recently. All of these polo- terms have in common their not entirely clear conceptual background, as well as the fact that they refer to a wide and diverse range of phenomena in Czech syntactic treatises. The present article suggests terminological simplification based on formal, propositional and pragmatic criteria.

Selecí, či selečí?

Author(s): Jiří Rejzek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2022

The adjective derived from the noun sele ‘piglet’ is not very frequent in Czech. Nowadays, the form selečí is encountered more often than the expected (and older) form selecí. The article tries to explain the origin of the two forms of this word and to consider them from the point of view of linguistic correctness.