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Животът на монасите в „Слово за монашеското житие” от Григори Цамблак и „Беседа против Богомилите” на Презвитер Козма

Author(s): Ekaterina Stoycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article studies a small part of the extensive Anti-Bogomil composition by Presbyter Cosma „Speech of Heresy”, in which the author exposes the deviations from the expected behavior ofthe monks and teach them in the spirit of true asceticism. This text is compared to the homily by Grigoriy Tsamblak, in which the author describes the life of the monks according to the views of the Orthodox Church.

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Suodnosi literarnojezičkih tradicija Hrvata i Bošnjaka u 16. i 17. stoljeću

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author reexamines the foundation of the statements that the Štokavian vernacular used for writing in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 16th and 17th century is purely popular and without any backing in the previous tradition as well as that the idiom was undeveloped in the literary sense. At the fi rst glance the koine, in which Franciscan writers were writing, contains the characteristics which inconsistently but completely correspond to the contemporary peculiarities with regard to the substitution of phoneme yat in the spoken language of Kraljeva Sutjeska and its surrounding where they worked,as ir>ijer, the ijekavian substitute in the fl exive endings of nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as ijekavian refl ex with the indefi nite pronouns. However, the occurrence of a relatively large number of ikavism-forms, gerunds derived by the suffi x –je without iotation, and also certain literary admixtures on the syntactic and lexical aspect is evidence of inheriting the manners of the previous tradition through ars dictaminis, which was known and spread also among Bosniaks and Croats.

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WH-MOVEMENT AND AUXILIARY INVERSION IN BOSNIAN AND ENGLISH ROOT AND EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Author(s): Feđa Imamović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to present and examine some of the basic and general characteristics of the syntactic operation of Wh-movement , as well as the formation of root and embedded Wh-questions in English and BCS.

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Фитоними в книжовната практика на славяносръбския език (в съпоставка със съвременните книжовни норми в сръбски и български)

Author(s): Gabriela Stoynev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this report, as a research material, will be used one less known and poorly researched literary monument: Рѣчникъ малы: въ вяɴиѣ, при Г. Стефаɴѣ Новаковичъ, къ Слвеɴɴо-Се́рбской, Валахiйской и Восто́чɴыхъ ˫азы́ковъ Привилег. Тупографiй. 1793. The focus will be on a certain of phytonims. The lexical proximity between three language forms will be traced: 1. „slavonic-serbian“, 2. Serbian contemporary literary norm, 3. contemporary Bulgarian literary norm

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Makedonský temný vokál v lingvistickém diskurzu

Author(s): Kristýna Dufková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article describes the problem of the “dark vowel” or schwa, which is one of the phones of Macedonian. It has been discussed among linguists whether this phone is a phoneme too, or just “a dark tone”. Even if it does not exist as a phoneme, it can be often heard in Macedonian, but in some cases it also functions as a phoneme – because it distinguishes the meaning of words. It is not difficult for Czech speakers to pronounce the schwa, but they mostly do not even know that it exists or where it is located. The schwa is not even mentioned in contemporary textbooks, but in my opinion it should be.

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Чешката литература во Република Македонија

Author(s): Jasminka Delova-Siljanova / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

This paper provides an overview of the first translations of literature from Czech into Macedonian language, until today. The information about the translated literature from Czech into Macedonian language is taken from COBISS Co-operative Online Bibliographic System and Services of the Republic of Macedonia.

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Бохумил Храбал во Македонија

Author(s): Sonja Stojmenska-Elzeser / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with the reception of the novels and short stories by the great Check writer Bohumil Hrabal in Macedonian culture. His poetic and style are very specific, so that the translation of his works is very serious and complicated issue. One of the best translators of his prose in Macedonian is Donka Rous. Still, there is a possibility for further discussion on some particular translational solutions. In this paper the focus is put on the translation of the term “pabitel” which is one of specific Hrabalian expressions.

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Глаголскиот вид во негираните форми на императивот во македонскиот јазик и во чешкиот јазик

Author(s): Maksim Karanfilovski / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

V negativních a imperativních tvarech v textech s významem rada, doporučení nebo upozornění se v makedonštině používá v podstatě nedokonalý vid. Na rozdíl od makeodnštiny se v češtině v různých textech používají oba vidy s tím, že určitou přednost má nedokonavý vid.

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Категоријата простор во фразеологијата (македонско-руско-чешки паралели)

Author(s): Biljana Mirčevska-Boševa,Jasminka Delova-Siljanova / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

Space as one of the most important categories is ever present issue in different scientific disciplines, as well as in linguistics. In this article we present a small fragment of the category space or more preciously the phrases denoting close distance. This segment is reviewed in Macedonian, Czech and Russian language in order to perceive similarities and differences in the expression of this meaning in the phraseological material in the languages representatives of South Slavic West Slavic and East Slavic language group.

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Предлогот в/во во македонскиот јазик со временско значење и чешко-руско-српски паралели

Author(s): Roza Tasevska / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

V této práci je představena předložka v/vo s časovým významem v makedonštině, v češtině, v ruštině a v srbštině. Vysvětluje se také zvlaštní použití předložky v/vo ve spojení s dny týdne.

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Croatian Blends in the 1980s („Feral’s” First 10 Years)

Author(s): Ivan Marković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper is a report on the yet unreaserched corpus of Croatian blends collected from the first ten yearly volumes of the satirical weekly Feral or Feral Tribune. Basic formal characteristics of the blends are further expounded. Three findings are brought forward. Firstly, blends were rare in Feral until 1989, when they became very frequent, and equal in form and content to blends in subsequent Feral Tribune. Secondly, in the 1980s there were more blends in the weekly Nedjeljna Dalmacija than in Feral, which was a supplement to Nedjeljna Dalmacija; this gives us a better idea of the general pulse of Croatian blending in the 1980s. Thirdly, comics author Ivica Bednjanec remains, as far as we know, the most prolific blend-maker of the decade. The following was established regarding semantic and formal characteristics of the blends in Feral. First, 80% of a total of 210 blends are nouns. Second, 46% of blends consist of a name as one of their components. In 61% of cases, the name is the first blend component. Third, a relatively large number of blends have the acronym (13%) as one of their components. In 69% of cases, the acronym is the first blend component. Fourth, the first blend component tends to be somewhat shorter in general. The ratio of the number of syllables in the analyzed corpus is 1.00 : 1.18. Fifth, there are extremely few blends with a simultaneous clipping of the ending of the first and the beginning of the second component. The blends of the analyzed corpus are based on the overlapping of the same phonetic material of the first and the second components.

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Dijalekti i jezični varijeteti u hrvatskom medijskom prostoru

Author(s): Ivančica Banković-Mandić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The Croatian media (television, radio, film, theater, etc.) in the last twenty years has seen an increase in a number of dialects and various language varieties which were considered in the former Yugoslavia peripheral, although the most popular television series in former Yugoslavia were those in dialect such as: Gruntovčani, Naše malo misto, Velo misto, Prosjaci i sinovi, etc. There are many professional and scientific papers that deal with the question – what is the Croatian standard language and who are the spoken models of the Croatian standard language? Television announcers and speakers of public television and announcers of central information broadcasts of commercial television are the closest to the standard speech described by the normative manuals of Croatian language. According to audience perception, standard speech in films and theater performances are rated as artificial. Today, in television shows of different topics (music, culinary, travel and so on) authors and guests use their local idioms. In films and theaters, we can hear spoken language (nonstandard). Modern Croatian music texts also could be in dialects and idioms of certain cities and regions. Foreign cartoons are regularly synchronized in Croatian using dialects according to stereotypes ‒ seagulls speak Chakavian dialect; good, naive, and traditional characters speak Shtokavian, also stubborn characters speak Shtokavian dialect (ikavica) – often similar to the one spoken in the Dalmatian Hinterland; unintelligent characters use Kajkavian variants; urban characters speak Zagrebian Kajkavian, etc. Participants on different portals mostly write in their local idioms. The paper focuses on the current promotion of local idioms in the Croatian media space in comparison to globalization in the European media space (why the Polish Lolek and Bolek became Jim and Jam?).

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Tematski rječnici kao nastavno sredstvo u p(r)oučavanju jezika

Author(s): Ljudmila Vasiljeva / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to present the methodological status of the dictionary in the process of learning/teaching other Slavic languages and to determine the features of the bilingual thematic educational Ukrainian-Croatian dictionary. Dictionaries play an important role in the development of national culture and in the supporting and improving a particular native language. During the thirty-year period of independence both Croatia and Ukraine can boast only a small amount of Croatian and Ukrainian lexicographic editions that could simultaneously apply to Croatian and Ukrainian. The important role of vocabulary in learning a foreign language does not require any comments. In fact it is generally accepted in teaching methods, which means that dictionary, as well as textbook, are necessary means in the teaching process. Noting and grouping words in dictionary also has a fairly long history. The alphabetical order of lexical units is traditional and commonly accepted in the world lexicography. Hence, thematic and ideographic lexicography are supposed to be alternatives to alphabetic lexicography.

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Semantičko-sintaktičke osobine perifernih glagola osjetilne percepcije u hrvatskom jeziku

Author(s): Ana Samardžić,Ninoslav Radaković / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The subject of the paper is the semantic and syntactic description of the peripheral verbs of sensory perception in the Croatian language. Peripherality refers to the occurrence of these verbs with different semantic features, which makes some of them function as hyperonyms of the verbs of sensory perception, some may refer to all types of perception, but also create connections with other semantic fields. The analysis is based on componential analysis and cognitive linguistics, and the predicate-argument structure of those verbs is also presented. The aim of the paper is to show that these verbs have a wider range of meanings and thus greater possibilities in usage than dictionaries suggest within lexicographic description.

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Chorwacki przyimek protiv i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe

Author(s): Sybilla Daković / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Croatian protiv preposition is a rare preposition with a complementary genitive case government. Although lexicographical sources note the spatial and non-spatial meanings of this preposition, empirical studies only confirm the meanings from the abstract domain of adversativeness, i.e. expressing the opposite position, contradiction, disagreement with something, limiting, counteracting or protecting against something. The task that we set for ourselves in this work is to determine the resource of the Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian protiv preposition. The analysis will be carried out on a parallel corpus excerpted from contemporary Croatian literature written in 20th and 21st centuries and respective Polish translations. The work will use the method of translation equivalence, belonging to comparative linguistics methodology.The study will consist of two parts. The first part will determine the meanings of the protiv preposition present in the built corpus and the right and left side environment of this preposition will be examined. The second part will be dedicated to equivalence. A resource of Polish equivalents will be presented and their lexical, grammatical and semantic features will be determined. Similarities and differences in the expression of similar content in both languages will be indicated and an attempt will be made to determine the translator’s selection of factors for individual equivalents, e.g. in the form of limitations in the right and left side environment, shade of meaning or stylistic value. The statistical analysis will be an important element of the study, which in addition to the semantic characteristics will help determine the main Polish equivalent of the Croatian protiv preposition. The conducted study can be used in the lexicographic practice, didactics and translation.

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Kontaktna sinonimija u glagoljskim rukopisima zadarskoga kraja iz 17. i 18. stoljeća

Author(s): Ivica Vigato / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

It is known that contact synonymity, as an instrument of bypassing dialectical discrepancies, was frequently present in older Croatian writings. In this work the author is discovering examples of contact synonymity in glagolitic manuscripts of Zadar region of the 17th and 18th centuries which belong to administrative functional style. With them it was endeavoured to overcome uneven terminology which was, on the one hand, understandable to the inhabitants of the area where the records were noted or referred and, on the other hand, understandable to the officials of the institutions who were controlling, approving and referring those records. Namely, in the consciousness of the clerks there existed the model, the template of writing synonyms in contact, which was certainly seen in some older codices which those clerks were using in texts of different contents and purposes. That is why, the author concludes, the use of contact synonymity is so firmly interwoven in the foundation of the Croatian language.

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Hrvatski jezikoslovci i bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz

Author(s): Krešimir Mićanović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

During the period of socialist Yugoslavia, the linguistic standard used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the six republics constituting the multinational federation at the time, found itself on the periphery of linguists’ interest. Up until the mid-1960s, Bosnia and Herzegovina itself occupied only a loosely marginal position in the language policy field where the central positions had been granted to Croatian and Serbian linguists, i.e. their respective cultural institutions – Matica hrvatska (Zagreb) and Matica srpska (Novi sad), as per the agreements reached at the 1954 meeting in Novi Sad. This paper presents an analysis of the language policy context in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Bosnia and Herzegovina, when the government of the federal republic lent its support to the shaping of an autonomous language policy according to which the language standard of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, Serbs and Croats was identified as bosanskohercegovački standardnojezički izraz, „a distinct and specific aspect of the Serbo-Croatian i.e. Croato-Serbian standard language used in Bosnia and Herzegovina“. Special attention in the paper is paid to (polemical) texts by Croatian linguists concerning the language and variants used by Croats, Serbs, Montenegrins and Muslims in which the language standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina is explicitly taken into account. The analysis of texts published during the period shows, on the one hand, that Croatian linguists bemoan the eclipse of typical Croatian lexis in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s public use of language but are, on the other hand, disposed to identify the Bosnian-Herzegovinian language standard as a distinct variant.

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Die Stellung des deutschen Transfergutes in der bosnischen Gegenwartssprache

Author(s): Nenad Memić / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The following paper aims at describing the position of German loanwords in the modern Bosnian language. The main focus of the paper is laid on the origin of German loanwords and their sociolinguistic variation in Bosnian. The vast majority of German loanwords in Bosnian hails either from the Austrian variety of Standard German or from Bavarian-Austrian dialects. They were adopted in Bosnian mostly during the Austro-Hungarian time (1878 to 1918). In Bosnian, these loanwords can be found in all language varieties nowadays: from the standard to the colloquial language and sociolects. This paper describes some important aspects of the diatopic (standard and colloquial language, sociolects) and diaphasic (formal and informal style) variation of German loanwords in modern Bosnian.

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Lexikalischer Anisomorphismus im Sprachenpaar Bosnisch-Deutsch und Strategien der lexikografischen Vermittlung

Author(s): Alma Čović-Filipović / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The mediation between two languages is inevitably linked to anisomorphism, which in turn arises from the fact that languages conceptualize the extralinguistic world differently and produce terms for these concepts according to their needs. The present work deals with this phenomenon from the perspective of lexicography and theoretically and empirically investigates how anisomorphism manifests itself in bilingual lexicography, how it affects the equivalence relationship between two expressions and which strategies and instruments are available to deal with anisomorphism in lexicography. The first part of the work deals with the concept of anisomorphism and its manifestations in the form of divergence. In the second part, different means of equivalent discrimination in the case of divergence are discussed. In the next empirical part of the work, concrete cases of divergence in the bilingual dictionary by Jakić/Hurm are examined to propose improvements regarding the procedures in the case of divergence as they were applied in the bilingual Bosnian-German dictionary. Particular attention is paid to the use of glosses and examples since they are an indispensable lexicographical tool in productive dictionaries in the equivalent discrimination.

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Germanismen in Zeitungstiteln und - untertiteln des kroatischen Nachrichtenportals 24 sata - eine semantische Analyse

Author(s): Nikolina Pandža,Senka Marinčić,Ružica Zeljko-Zubac / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This paper aims at investigating the functional usage and the frequency of Germanisms in Croatian language. In order to reach this goal, we analyzed the news portal 24 sata in a three months span (from 1st December 2018 to 1st March 2019). We did a semantic analysis of the headlines and subtitles in the categories NEWS (World, Politics) and SHOW (Celebrities). We included a contrastive description of the meaning and meaning changes as well as speaker specific, regional and stylistic characteristics. Additionally we are concerned with the issue in which way and how historical and identity aspects lead to the sarcastic and ironic meaning of the Germanisms, that are expressive linguistic tools for newspaper headlines and subtitels.

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