Cel nauczania według Tomasza z Akwinu

Author(s): Marcin Sieńkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Among the medieval teachers and orators a special place is taken by St. Thomas Aquinas. His preaching and teaching involves bascally the knowledge of wisdom – that is the knowledge of ultimate causes of reality. Looking for the causes of the world, according to Aquinas, evolves itself into indicating the ultimate aim of everything, especially that of man. The aim of all beings, which is alsounderstood as the first cause, is identified with God. Religious faith is one of the ways of knowing God. Thanks to this faith it becomes possible to know the essence of God, correspondently to the human way of existence and knowing in temporal life. Accordingly, the teaching task consists in proclaiming the truth about God as the ultimate end of man, as well as in preparing and empowering him, on the path of faith, to receive contents of God's revelation.

Stefano Langton sulla volonta sensitiva in Cristo

Author(s): Magdalena Bieniak / Language(s): Latin,Italian Issue: XXII/2016

Before the Passion, Christ prayed, “Father, if You are willing, remove this cup from Me; yet not My will, but Yours be done.” This passage suggests that there may have been an interior struggle within the soul of Christ, namely a conflict of wills. Stephen Langton, who died in 1228, like other theologians of his time, was reluctant to attribute any imperfection to Christ. Consequently, he argued that both Christ’s sensory desire and his rational will conformed to the will of God. The sense appetite (sensualitas) only concerns natural goods, and so it fails to grasp complex propositions (such as the conditional terms involved in Christ’s prayer). God wants the sensory will to desire the well-being of one’s body. Accordingly, the rational will of Christ wanted the sense appetite to keep to the natural desires. At the same time, Christ subordinated his natural desires to the rational will and readily accepted God’s plans by means of reason.

Bibliografia prac Henryka Anzulewicza

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXI/2015

K teórii supozície Williama Ockhama

Author(s): Rastislav Nemec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2011

Ockham’s theory of supposition presents very interesting and innovative thesis in medieval logic with foundations and successors in contemporary logic/epistemology. In last decades it was object of many scientific researches and item of many academic papers. Interpretations of Ockham’s supposition has changed since three decades because of some new scientific findings and permanent discussions. This paper focus on relations between Ockham’s definition of supposition and its supposita. He distinguishes different kinds of suppositions in order to explain our language/thinking. Ockham tries to present an interesting hypothesis about relations between the world and speech, between the terms in pro- position and res.

K princípom personality u Boëthia a Akvinského

Author(s): Martin Šarkan / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3-4/2010

The present paper offers an analysis of the concept of distinction between the terms nature and person in the works of Boethius and Aquinas. An inevitable prerequisite for their ideas regarding aforementioned topic is an insight into the Aristotelian ontological conception of the “first” and “second substance”. Consequently, in the light of Boethius’s approach towards the topic of the present paper, particularly his interpretation of the distinction between the “first” and “second substance”, we can understand more about the medieval way of ontological construction of the concept of personality. Boethius laid the foundations of every later medieval approach to this problem but solution of Aquinas brings new elements to the whole ontological basis (as we know it from Aristotle) which he, anyway, uses as a starting point of his thought.

Zagadnienie przedmiotu Kategorii Arystotelesa w interpretacji Boecjusza

Author(s): Tomasz Tiuryn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2009

Neoplatonic commentators (and among them Boethius) usually pose in their commentaries a question about the subject-matter of the text they are commenting upon. This question is often phrased as the question about the aim (intentio, skopos) of the work. In his commentary on the Categories Boethius states, that Aristotle’s aim was to write not about things but about words. This statement was taken by several historians of medieval philosophy as to be a sign of Boethius’ antirealist or nominalist position. However on a closer look this statement doesn’t entail any nominalist attitude towards universals (by universals I mean genera and species of the Categories, but also the categories themselves, considered as classes). In fact Boethius combines his position on the aim of the Categories with several realistic statements. What is more interesting, his position on the aim of the Categories is not only compatible with realism towards universals, but is also a part of a broader strategy, which serves to defend neoplatonic metaphysics against Aristotle’s empirist claim, that what is substance in the highest degree is the first substance, the material individual.

The Logical and Metaphysical Structure of a Common Nature. A Hidden Aspect of Aquinas’ Mereology

Author(s): David Svoboda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

The paper deals with a type of whole and part that can be found in Aquinas_ work and to which no attention has been paid so far. This type of whole and part can be called metaphysical whole and metaphysical part, respectively. In the paper, metaphysical whole and part are put forth on the problem of the logical and metaphysical structure of a common nature.

Tomášovo pojetí čísla

Author(s): David Svoboda,Prokop Sousedík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

A systematical exposition of the concept of number cannot be found in Aquinas’ works. Nevertheless, there are many places where the problem is touched. The problem is encountered on the one hand within the discussion of the category of quantity and on the other hand when Aquinas speaks about transcendental concepts and deals with the problem of numerical statements concerning God. The aim of the paper is to reconstruct, on the basis of Aquinas more or less fragmentary ideas, his concept of number.

John Inglis: Akvinský

Author(s): David Svoboda / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2006

Review of: John Inglis: Akvinský, Přeložil Ján Baňas. Vydavateľstvo PT, Bratislava 2004, 119 s.

Sémantika Tomáša Akvinského

Author(s): Peter Volek / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2003

The author analyses the semantics in theological context as well as the hierarchy of science according to Thomas Aquinas. By means of the analysis of the use of suppositions, of the relation between God and creation and divine persons he shows that according to Thomas Aquinas logic is the necessary and metaphysics the sufficient condition of theology. The author argues that Thomas Aquinas is an adherent of the inherence theory of predication, nevertheless in some contexts he implicitely overcomes the latter in favour of functional theory of predication.

Ako je možná metafyzika? Východisko a metóda metafyziky u Johanna Dunsa Scota

Author(s): Ludger Honnefelder / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2002

Každa epocha dejIn filozofie pozna mysliteaov, ktorých osobitný význam spočiva v tom, že pomohli preniknut' novému sposobu pýtania sa a hovorenia.

Affectio iustitiae при Джон Дънс Скот

Author(s): Bistra Gospodinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2018

This exposition regards to some moments of the theory of will of Duns Scotus as it is presented in Ordinatio II, distinctio 38. According to the Thomist’s teachings, the will is considered an intention of the intellect toward happiness, i.e. toward goodness. In this sense, the will is affectio comodi. The problem of this conception, as Duns Scotus thinks, is related to the question of the freedom of will. Scotus does not accept the idea that the will, on one hand, is freely acting power and at the same time is power, which desires goodness with necessity. That is the reason, Soctus to bring into his philosophical system one additional necessary guarantee for the freedom of will – and that affectio iustitiae, which is precisely the focus of this paper.

Esse i identitet: sveti Avgustin o bivstvovanju

Author(s): Una Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 29/2018

St. Augustine’s metaphysical thought is oriented around the concept of esse, i.e. around the concept of being. St. Augustine used this term as a philosophical indication of the God, but he also applies it to the creatures.The equivocality of the concept of esse is in the center of the analysis in this paper: it is analyzed the view of God as the referent of the term, and in terms of the origin of its constitution in human reason. I argue that the equivocality is the critical and constitutive feature of Augustine's notion of esse, and that, consequently, the identity of the divine esse is its condition of possibility.

Une „Reportatioˮ de l’enseignement de Buridan sur la metaphysique des accidents

Author(s): Jean Celeyrette / Language(s): French Issue: XXIV/2018

The manuscript BnF Lat. 16131 contains one of the few direct testimonies of Buridan’s teaching, a reportatio of his Questions on Metaphysics. Establishing an edition of the two questions on univocity/equivocity of ens, I have tried to highlight the differences between these two questions and the corresponding question of the ordinatio, called the ultima lectura, which has been almost systematically used by critics. These differences concern the argumentation which is more elementary in the reportatio, and the plan of the commentary, but there are some doctrinal differences, too.

Bartłomiej z Jasła i „czeska devotio moderna” w Krakowie. Kazanie „Hoc epulum comedas” na Wielki Czwartek

Author(s): Dagmara Wójcik-Zega,Włodzimierz Zega / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIV/2018

The article concerns Bartholomew of Jasło’s sermon on the Holy Communion which was probably delivered during the Maundy Thursday mass in 1393 in Kraków. The first part of this research provides a historical and doctrinal introduction to the sermon. The authorship, the manuscript and textual tradition, the date and occasion of delivering the sermon are discussed here. The evidence concerning the date of the sermon is based on the examination of paper watermarks and supported by textual comparisons. The study of Bartholomew’s sources reveals his textual and doctrinal dependence, besides the Bible and other works, on Compendium theologicae veritatis by Hugh Ripelin of Strasbourg, Dialogus rationis et conscientiae de crebra communione by Matthew of Kraków, De discretion spirituum by Henry of Langenstein and Manipulus florum by Thomas of Ireland. Bartholomew of Jasło was undoubtedly inspired by the “new theology” of Matthew of Kraków; he encourages believers to remain in a state of grace and to care about their internal disposition and readiness to receive the Holy Communion. It is worth pointing out, however, that in spite of the extensive use of Matthew’s Dialogus rationis et conscientiae, which is most representative of Bohemian devotio moderna, Bartholomew did not share Matthew’s teaching on the frequent communion for the laity.Appendix 1 presents the evidence that Matthew’s Dialogus rationis et conscientiae was used in Kraków in the first half of the 15t century by Stanislas of Skalbmierz in his Sermones sapientiales. Appendix 2 shows that the quotation concerning the idea of translatio studii („Felicia antiquorum tempora...”) in the two Bartholomew’s sermons was taken most probably from Manipulus florum and not from Compendiloquium by John of Wales.The last part of the article contains a critical edition of Bartholomew of Jasło’s sermon with an editorial introduction. The corrected text of the sermon is known from Bartholomew’s autograph preserved in the MS Kraków, Jagiellonian Library, 2192 (B); as well, some additions (B*) and revisions (B²) have been done by the author himself.

Ortwin Gebauer: Das Verhältnis von Vernunft und Offenbarung bei Averroes und Thomas von Aquin – eine vergleichende Studie.

Author(s): Rastislav Nemec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

Review of: Ortwin Gebauer: Das Verhältnis von Vernunft und Offenbarung bei Averroes und Thomas von Aquin – eine vergleichende Studie. EOS Sankt Ottilien 2018. 159 strán. ISBN 978-3-8306-7872-4

Niekoľko poznámok ku konotatívnym termínom u Ockhama

Author(s): Rastislav Nemec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2018

The issue of this article is problem of connotative terms in Ockham thought. It usually brings to conclusion that in human mind there can be no connotative terms at all and thus arises suspicion of nominalism. The aim of this study is to show a real context of Ockham’s assertions concerning definitio nominalis and to present some discussion about it between V. Spade and C. Panaccio. Furthermore, we present a possible solution concerning of how it could be understood in Ockham.

Педагогика на вярата (За смисъла и значението на "Малкия Катехизис" на Мартин Лутер)

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolaev Gradev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2019

In 1529 Luther wrote his "Small Catechism" as a means of clarifying and teaching both the essentials of the faith and making explicit how it should be applied to ordinary life. His goal was that Christians live and believe not like "irrational pigs", but as fully integrated persons who stand unashemed before God. What lessons can we draw today about the interpretation and the understanding of the sacred texts from this effort aimed at making the wisdom of the Bible accessible to common people through sound exegesis and ethical disposition?

Politička filozofija Tome Akvinskog

Author(s): Milenko A. Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31/2019

The author exposes the basic points of Aquinas’ politico-philosophical conception. He puts at the forefront the relation of that conception to the Aristotle’s and Augustine’s concept of politics, as well as to the whole of Aquinas’ theologico-philosophical conception. On that research path, the author proves that Aquinas’ conception would be most productive understood if it would be understood as the apology of feudal-christian world picture.

Realna kompozicija esse i essentia u delu De ente et essentia sv. Tome

Author(s): Predrag Milidrag / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31/2019

The article analyzes Aquinas’ argument for the real composition of the essence and esse in created beings as he presented it in De ente et essentia. Before the examination of the argument from the part four of De ente, the notions of signate and non signate matter, precisive and non precisive abstraction as well as the essence absolutely considered have been explained. From this it is pointed that for St. Thomas the distinction between essence and esse is the distinction between essence and any kind of esse. The main conclusion of the interpretation of the argument from the part four is that the argument demands all three steps, as well as the proof that exists God as esse tantum.