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Емил Дюркем и за необходимостта от нравствено възпитание в обществото

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The article is devoted to the ideas of the French sociologist and philosopher Emile Durkheim about moral education. Moral education means special care for students, which is also care for the whole society. The influence of individualism as main moral principle of contemporary society is also analyzed. The author traces connections of Durkheim's ideas with the concepts of other thinkers and considers their contemporary influence on the education system. He also argues on the analysis of Durkheim's ideas, the necessity of education and training in ethics in the modern educational process.

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АНАЛИЗА ОРВЕЛОВИХ ПОГЛЕДА НА ИДЕЈЕ СОЦИЈАЛИЗМА У „ЖИВОТИЊСКОЈ ФАРМИ“ И „1984“

Author(s): Pavle Antonijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 74/2021

This paper examines the last two literary works of George Orwell with the aim to analyze his political beliefs. Although these works have remained characterized primarily as critiques of totalitarianism and the Stalinist version of socialism, the pur- pose of this study is to show Orwell’s attitude towards the ideas of socialism in theory with parallel comparison of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Furthermore, in order to consider this problem more comprehensively, it was necessary to research the author’s attitude towards capitalism and liberalism. The article is divided into two main sections. The first section gives a brief overview of Orwell’s political evolution from the second to the fourth decades of 20th century. The second section examines the content of the books which are the subject of research. The article proves that Orwell remained committed to the ideas of democratic socialism in both of his liter- ary works. Portrayal of Orwell as an anti-socialist is unjustified and was formed due to the Cold War context in the West. Additionally, the article concludes that Orwell’s Animal Farm and 1984 contain a critique of capitalism and Western imperialism, which is more pronounced in Animal Farm as compared to 1984.

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The Image of the Other in the Cultural Practices of the Modernity

Author(s): Serhii Vytkalov,Lesia Smyrna,Iryna Petrova,Adriana Skoryk,Olena Mykolayivna Goncharova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The cultural diversity and the culture of plural coexistence becomes the global problem of existence. Mutual penetration and leveling of the boundary having divided the world into Other and Own is relevant, as it challenges identity in the conditions of openness and unification. Own culture is able to reveal its potential and present its essential features and original character only in the context of a different cultural dimension. The complex intertwinings, connections, influences of the cultures of different peoples and their worldviews in a single world cultural space are illuminated by the dialogue. Dialogue determines the nourishing interaction, which allows to get richer by knowing the unique, valuable experience of the Other, to expand the horizons of one’s own existence. The atmosphere created by the dialogue is marked by humanism, implies the dignity and the right of each participant to argue their own point of view, therefore, to use their own intellectual abilities, knowledge and values.

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Ricoeur and Foucault on Tragedy and Truth

Author(s): Carlos Garduño Comparán / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this text is to confront some Paul Ricoeur’s and Michel Foucault’s significant reflections on Greek tragedy, in order to discuss their interpretation of its truth and the knowledge it makes possible. Ricoeur supposes that tragedy implies a theology that, though it is not explicitly developed, points to the knowledge of the self, his conflicts with others, and even to a possible redemption. For his part, Foucault determines that in tragedies a set of discourses opposing against each other is at stake, without the possibility of overcoming their conflict in a higher knowledge. Does tragedy allows knowledge through the spectacle and the emotions aroused? Is the truth of tragedy manifested in the confrontation and intensification of passions, but cannot be developed as knowledge of the self and his reconciliation with others?

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Аналитика на афицируемостта: около проблема за феноменологическото несъзнавано

Author(s): Denitsa Nencheva,Desislav Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The problem of the relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness has proved to be not only a neuralgic point in the interdisciplinary debates throughout the 20th century, but one which maintains its notable place in the present day. Taking the long and complex history of the encounters between Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Edmund Husserl's mature phenomenology as a theoretical background, the present paper offers a novel approach towards the consciousness/unconsciousness problem, situated within the peculiar sphere shaped by the dialogue between Freudian and Husserlian notions. What we offer is a preliminary sketch for an analytics of affectability that opens a path toward reexamining some key psychoanalytical concepts such as unconscious, repression and memory which can be a valuable contribution to the development of phenomenological conceptualizations of different forms of traumatic experience.

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The Choice of Love and the Numinous: Existential and Gender Contexts

Author(s): Nazip Khamitov,Svitlana Krylova,Olena Romanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The authors of the article analyze the influence of the numinous as an existential state and the structure of the unconscious, which causes sacred amazement and fear in a person on the choice of love in its gender-based manifestations. On the basis of the methodological strategy of metaanthropology, the choice of love is conceptualized in the ordinary, the ultimate and the transcendent existential dimensions of human being, which correspond to the ordinary, the personal and the philosophical worldview. In the methodological coordinates of C. Jung's psychoanalysis, the manifestations of the numinous in the archetypes of Anima and Animus and their influence on the decisive manifestation of love in the life of a man and a woman during the formation of a worldview are investigated. The actualization of the philosophical worldview, in which there is a free maturation of ideals, values, the destruction of outdated worldview attitudes and the establishment of a new being, leads to the integrity of the personality and the unity of individuals in love and co-creation. Under the influence of this, the emphasis in the numinous changes from horrible to sacred. This leads to worldview freedom in the choice of love, which becomes truly humanistic and constructive.

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The Culture of a Modernizing Traditional Society (Ethnical Aspect)

Author(s): Anzhelina A. Koriakina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The intensification of world processes has acutely raised the problem of transitional or modernizing societies and cultures. In this regard, the question of the culture of a modernizing society is actualized. In the article, the concept of “culture of a modernizing society” through the prism of modernization of a traditional society and ethnical aspect is analyzed. The explanatory cultural concept of the present day is developed. In this context, the main characteristic of a modernizing society is culture. It is revealed that culture of a modernizing society is quite plastic, multicomponent, and includes both traditional and innovative (modern) components. The Yakut culture at the modern stage is observed and it is cleared that the Yakut people are going through the final process of acculturation of the Yakut ethnos and the cultural assimilation of its large part.

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Interlinguistische und interdiskursive Kontrastivitat am Beispiel der linguistischen Forschung zum Migrationsdiskurs in Polen und in Deutschland

Author(s): Marta Smykała / Language(s): German Issue: 10/2022

The present paper focuses on the desideratum of interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity, delineated by Zofia Bilut-Homplewicz in 2013. Both types of contrastivity are presented with reference to linguistic research on the migration discourse in Poland and Germany. As a starting point, the author outlines interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity. What follows is a comprehensive account of the comparative variables such as ≫migration, migration discourse, linguistic research on migration discourse≪ – each of which is discussed in relation to Poland, Germany or Germanspeaking countries and the Polish and German research. Within the framework of an interdiscursive and interlinguistic comparison, the focus of attention is particularly on the concept of topos and its operationalisation in both research areas.

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W poszukiwaniu perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie niefikcjonalnym. Przykład produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki

Author(s): Patrycja Chuszcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

Patrycja Chuszcz’s aim in this article is to analyze the film productions of the Open Cages Association, which works for so-called farm animal rights, and to inquire about the attempt to go beyond the anthropocentric perspective in the audiovisual materials created by this organization. She begins her considerations by outlining the tradition of non-fiction film about animals. She discusses the current search for the zoocentric perspective in cinema by documentary and visual artists. Next she analyzes the film productions of the Open Cages Association. She compares the organization’s films with the perspective resulting from interviews with its members and with the literaturę on the subject. The analysis shows that activists – despite contesting a certain sector of modern civilization (related to industrial livestock production) – rely on the broader and prevailing technological-cultural paradigm. This borrowing is manifested, among other things, in the use of an anthropocentric perspective and anthropomorphism in the films created by the Open Cages Association. However, activists adopt this attitude consciously, following the perspective of effective altruism.

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Energia, praca i walka z entropią

Author(s): Michał Krzykawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

This paper argues that what we commonly mean by “labour” in industrial democracies stems from the obsolete theoretical assumptions of neoclassical economics, which also serve as foundations for a highly entropic economic process. Therefore, to determine the new purposes and functions of what working means is necessary in order to redesign economy and, consequently, to offer an alternative to the Anthropocene. The article develops Bernard Stiegler’s take on work and discusses the way Stiegler brings up to date the theoretical reflection on the transformations of work undertaken by André Gorz. The article addresses the question of work in relation to energy crisis and work automation. Advocating for a redefinition of work beyond employment, the article envisages work automation as a new opening for what work denotes, rather than the end of work. However, two conditions must be met in order to make such a change possible; it is necessary to redefine work beyond employment and socialize benefits from work automation.

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The New Humanities: In Search of Boundaries

Author(s): Agata Bielik-Robson / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2022

This article attempts to discuss the philosophical contexts and meaning of the new humanities in the context of the philosophy of subjectivity. At the foundation of the new humanities, as it is argued, is not enlightenment, but Heidegger’s thought, with his excoriating critique of modern subjectivity and its Machenschaft. The article points to the foundational hubris that the new humanities oppose, and to the attempt to reinstall the subject within fixed boundaries. The new humanities, and posthumanism in particular, might backlash with violence against civilisation, comparable to that they endeavour to renounce. In order to manoeuvre through these convoluted figures of subjectivity, the article supports its theses with insightful readings of Hölderlin and Adorno.

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Онтологичният избор на философа

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The text reveals the approaches of the philosopher as a thinker to be in the being. Two possible paradigms for achieving the absolute as a form of philosophizing are presented. One is related to the school-academic historicalphilosophical approach, and the other is related to metaphysical experience as an act. The thesis is asserted that the metaphysical goal is achievable only as an individual practical experience of transcendence through the action of the thinker conceived as a precedent. The understanding is argued that it is in the metaphysical act that the thinker objectifies philosophical wisdom, not just the love of philosophy.

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Der sichtbare Diskurs. Interdisziplinäre Aspekte der Visualisierung von sprachlichen Daten im Kontext des universitären DaF-Unterrichts

Author(s): Attila Mészáros / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2022

The article deals with the question of how linguistic data obtained through discourse linguistic analyses are communicated outside linguistics. The focus is on the didactics of German as a foreign language, with a special focus on university German teacher training in Slovakia. It will be examined how the more recent disciplines such as discourse linguistics can be effectively integrated into the curriculum beyond classical linguistics. This requires an interdisciplinary perspective, which is offered here through the visualizations. Based on this background, case studies from the German and Slovakian migration discourse of 2015 will be used to show how optimized knowledge can be conveyed using visualizations, even across complex subject areas.

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Tradicionālisms un nedrošības valoda Latvijas publiskajā telpā

Author(s): Mārtiņš Kaprāns / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 39/2019

This essay focuses on the discourse of insecurity that has gradually become salient in Latvian public sphere. The discourse of insecurity in Latvia is created by individuals with different experience and motifs; they use different conceptual sources to express ideas. A sense of insecurity is objectified with geopolitical, civilizational, and psychoanalytical categories. The European refugee crises and discussions on the so called Istanbul Convention has tempered this discourse over the past years by introducing more specific themes and by setting more particular basis for ideological positioning. Analytically, the essay reflects on the grammar or structural elements of insecurity discourse that define this discourse as a distinct phenomenon. Simultaneously, this analysis also intends to explain the origins of such discourse and to reveal its meaning in a broader context. Thus the essay has two parts. The first part examines the referents of Latvia’s insecurity discourse, i. e. what this discourse is attributed to and what it problematizes. The second part outlines various conceptual layers that might facilitate the understanding of the advent and persistence of insecurity discourse. In particular, the essay demonstrates why and how liberalism has become the centrepiece of the insecurity discourse. It also illuminates solutions that the actors of such discourse provide in order to avoid the societal atomization and disappearance of Latvia as a national state. The essay invites to look at the genealogy of the insecurity discourse from the ontological security perspective. In light of this perspective, the central argument is that the actors of Latvia’s insecurity discourse and their opponents are united within the framework of risk society. Namely, both proponents and opponents are mobilized through risk awareness with respect to existential threats. However, different types of risks are problematized in both discourses – the disintegration of collective identity vs. catastrophic risks – that lead to diverging opinion on what the ultimate basis of societal solidarity is.

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Епохе́ и редукция във феноменологията на Хусерл

Author(s): Desislav Georgiev,Denitsa Nencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The text outlines some of the main theoretical-methodological procedures in Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology. The first part offers a brief introduction to Husserl's general philosophical project. In the second part, the question of the phenomenological epoché is considered, as a first, negative procedure of the phenomenological reduction. A comparison is also made between the practice of epoché by Husserl and Descartes’ methodical doubt. The third part turns to the different types of reductions and examines the relationship between them.

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Археологическият запис като информация и ентропия

Author(s): Serghey Gherdjikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The archaeological record is information left in artifacts and biofacts from an extinct culture. It is the result of a process of growth of entropy in the site, which destroys the structures of culture. I theorize on archaeological information and archaeological entropy – the missing information about the site. From archaeological record to virtual reconstruction, information is extracted from the entropy of the extinct cultural form/process in the archaeological record. Archaeological entropy is differential and depends on the material, not the culture.

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Krytyka w technopresji

Author(s): Michał Krzykawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (20)/2022

In the article, it is argued that in order to rejuvenate critical theory we need to revive the critique of technology first and, by the same token, redefine the very concept of critique in the context of the digital reality, with an account of how digital devices impact our ability to think in general. The function and meaning of critique under new circumstances (conceptualized as technostress) is discussed in a dialogue with three thinkers: Immanuel Kant, Michel Foucault, and Bernard Stiegler. It also suggests how Bernard Stiegler’s philosophical critique can be fruitfully these combined with social theory developed by Hartmut Rosa.

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Od krytyki do postkrytyki. Nowe możliwości interwencji społecznych literatury w „Limits of Critique” Rity Felski

Author(s): Tomasz Mizerkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (20)/2022

The article discusses a groundbreaking post-critical project in Anglo-Saxon literary studies formulated in Rita Felski’s book The Limits of Critique. Tomasz Mizerkiewicz offers a comprehensive analysis of the “hermeneutics of suspicion” carried out by Felski, showing its numerous limitations. Felski argues that criticism – understood as an emotionally uninvolved reading of literature being part of the panoptic system of power that subjugates individuals – should be modified to embrace an affective quality and a new vision of the ontology of a literary work. Felski believes that thanks to Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory, it is possible to begin to perceive the literary work as a causative non-human actor. The work then avoids participating in the sterile dispute between the idea of the autonomy of art and radical pragmatism, which assumes the full dependence of the meanings of this work on the context. Theorized in new phenomenological analyses, literature demonstrates a capacity to exert influence. At the same time, it does not do anything by itself, but in cooperation with other important human and non-human actors (readers, schools, reading family customs and others). The type of critique described in The Limits of Critique becomes a conscious participant in the social interventions of literature consisting in the joint discovery of the possibility of the emergence of new types of connections, networks and communities. Thus, critique and literature contribute to the development of particularly effective varieties of aesthetic, economic and political agency.

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„Czytaj i zmieniaj świat” — studium przypadku dziecięcego aktywizmu społecznego

Author(s): Agnieszka Tyczka-Nowak,Patrycja Tyczka-Morzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Social activism is a way of acting whose aim is to bring about specific changes. The movement is increasingly popular among children, who have a growing understanding of largescale phenomena and are increasingly aware of their agency. The aim of this article is to conduct an overview of the phenomenon of children’s social activism and to analyse the activities undertaken by children activists in an educational-literary interdisciplinary project carried out by early school-age children. The project addresses the topic of literary education and implements new initiatives to increase reading and ecological knowledge.

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斯坦尼斯瓦夫·莱姆作品《泥人十四》中的后人类主义哲学思考

Author(s): Yinhui Mao,Yan Sun / Language(s): Chinese Issue: 2/2022

In the 1990s, posthumanism gained popularity in interdisciplinary research, and its concept of the personification of technology and the “cyborg” offered a wide scope for science fiction. But as early as the 1970s, Polish science fiction novelist Stanisław Lem had already made a manifesto of posthumanism in his work, in which he created Golem XIV, a typical cyborg, and expressed his own views on the relationship between human and technology, human and non-human, etc. through the narration of this artificial intelligence. In his book, he created Golem XIV, the archetypal cyborg. The philosophical ideas of Lem in Golem XIV not only coincide with the present theories of posthumanism in many ways, but also have some insightful thoughts that go far beyond the framework of posthumanist thought and are more forward-looking. This paper includes the history of the development of the discipline of posthumanism, discussion on the content of Lem’s Golem XIV, an in-depth analysis of posthumanist thinking, and Lem’s own unique philosophical views in the hope of providing new ideas for interpreting Lem’s work.

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