We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

THE ROMANIAN DIMENSION OF EXISTENCE AND THE FRENCH MODEL

Author(s): Irina Armianu / Language(s): English Issue: 1+2/2015

One of the most turbulent times in Europe after the Second World War the 1950’s witnessed the active Cultural Society of Criterion, a small group of Romanian philosophers, writers, and artists. Among these Mircea Eliade, Eugéne Ionesco, Emil Cioran, Constantin Noica, and Mircea Vulcanescu gave their contribution to different topics of global interest such as the existentialist philosophy in the modern thought, the surrealist theater, or the Oriental studies. Their legacy is universal as they transcended geographical and spiritual borders. Their transnational writing focuses on major points of interest within the frontiers of their minor culture subordinated to the French influence. This study analyses the minority culture not as an important group to be added to the major culture’s center but rather as an active and creative group. Criterion authors’ identity is therefore multiple, even if unstable. Their works go beyond national identity and look for shared philosophical and aesthetical concepts with the mainstream French model. In this regard major postcolonial concepts defined our understanding of this special cultural case such as: Gérard Noiriel’s national identity, Homi Bhabha’s ideas of culture and nation, Françoise Lionnet’s minor transnationalism, or Paul Ricoeur’s view on history and time.

More...

Download

THE TRANSCENDENCE OF THE EGO IN CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY — CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES

Author(s): STATHIS LIVADAS / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article deals with a core matter of continental philosophy which is the nature of the ego taken as a concept originating in the subjective idealism of the German school of the early nineteenth century and further developed in its various ramifications throughout the twentieth century. The main philosophical positions I will discuss are Husserl’s phenomenology of the ego in his later transcendental phase, the Heideggerean view of the nature of Dasein, and Sartre’s approach of the Being-for-itself as mainly exposed in Being and Nothingness. The central idea defended throughout this article is that self-constituting temporality as immanently induced may serve as a common foundation of the nature of the transcendental ego both in the Husserlian phenomenology and in the Heideggerean and Sartrean alternative positions; further, I will hold that, as consequence, the ultimate question about the possibility of an ontology of the pure ego is transposed to the question of the origin and foundation of inner temporality. Yet, in this case one is set to face anew the circularity of an infinite regression in terms of reflecting-reflected and the inevitability of the subjective character of the origin of temporality. Besides this key question—a primary issue of this article—I will address the issue of the convergences and differences regarding aspects of the essential nature of the Husserlian ego, the Heideggerean Dasein, and the Sartrean Being-for-itself, especially regarding the widely debated topic of the ‘exteriority’ of the latter two ‘egological’ concepts with regard to the world in contrast to the ‘interiority’ of the Husserlian absolute ego.

More...

Download

Слобода као одређење човјека у егзистенцијалној филозофији Жан-Пол Сартра

Author(s): Ana Galić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2019

In this paper we will see the way in which Sartr is pre-empting the existing relationship of existence and essence by setting a new task, and that one is that only in his freedom, which is the basis of all his values, he will conquer himself with his project into the future. We will become acquainted with one of the key features of the Sartre›s man - the freedom, from which he will strive through the project and with it›s help to continually achieve his goals that ultimately lead to the inevitable consequence of freedom - absolute responsibility.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Un point à l’horizon

Author(s): Quinten Weeterings / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2018

Voici des aphorismes, des cris, des pensées, des remarques, écrites lors d’une quête des vérités ultimes. Rien de bon ne saurait en sortir, diraient les hommes sages. Si tout cela atteint à quoi que ce soit, cela ne peut être que le sol d’un paysage où tout est possible. // These are aphorisms, cries, thoughts, remarks written along a search for ultimate truths. Nothing good could come from it, as wise men would predict. If it touches on anything it must be the ground of a landscape in which all things are possible.

More...

Download

Abdurrahman Bedevî ve Bir Varoluşçuluk Denemesi

Author(s): SÜMEYRA TURAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Existentialism is a movement that has found many supporters throughout the history of thought and has manifested itself in various people and works in the Islamic world. This article examines Abdurrahman Bedevî and his existentialist ideas, which can be regarded as the first and most important representative of existentialism in Islam in general and in the Arab world in particular. In this study, how Bedevî evaluates existentialism will be discussed in a descriptive manner.

More...

Download

Rozmowy w kawiarni. O fenomenie egzystencjalizmu

Author(s): Marek Błaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2019

The paper is a critical discussion on Sarah Bakewell’s book At the Existentialist Café. Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails (Warsaw 2018). The goal is, firstly, to present the basic theses described by the author; and secondly – to invite to reflection on the phenomenon of existentialism, its problems and meaning for the contemporary philosophical thought.

More...

Download

Kierkegaardov koncept opakovania v inscenácii Banalita lásky

Author(s): Katarína Gabašová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2020

The study is devoted to depicting recollection in a selected production Banalita lásky (The Banality of Love, Andrej Bagar Theatre, 2019). It broadens out the scope of interpretation by elucidating Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition, which in his works is a key religious category of transcendence. Kierkegaard considered repetition as a temporal movement of existence and also an important tool of becoming human self in terms of freedom and personal identity. The main intention is to shed light on the difference between the concepts of recollection and repetition. The question at issue is whether or not Kierkegaard’s repetition is present according to the recollection of the past romance between the main characters Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger. The experience of recollection is different from repetition in relation to how an individual lives. The possibility of repetition rests with the subject and not with the caprices of external conditions. To conclude, it is suggested that Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition is highly relevant and present in Arendt’s character and her attitude to her past and present life with respect to its complexity. The author reflects on the distinction between recollection and repetition, which can provide a hermeneutic key to understanding the main theme of the selected production.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Traces de Clément Rosset

Author(s): Brum José Thomaz / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

This tribute to Clément Rosset describes the friendship between the Brazilian philosopher and the French philosopher. The text is focused on the two visits Rosset made to Rio de Janeiro.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Cioran au Japon

Author(s): Ko Iwatsu / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

This article presents the acceptance of Cioran in Japan, by analyzing the afterwords of translators. Cioran is very popular and appreciated by Japanese readers, thanks to his nineteen translated books, while there are not many academic studies of his work, perhaps because of his position divided between philosophy and French literature.

More...

6.00 €

Preview

Journal de lecture(s)

Author(s): Thierry Gillybœuf / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

This diary appears as a literary stray but it also sketches a self-portrait of the reader. We may guess intimate driving forces, convergences, and vanishing routes. It is a celebration of reading as a practice of freedom.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Comment rendre l’âme ?

Author(s): Aurélien Demars / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

Reflections on The Prayer of a Dace, Eminescu’s intensely desperate poem, translated by Nicolas Cavaillès.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Une lecture décalée de Cioran et de Queneau

Author(s): Aurélien Demars / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2020

Critical review of the Jean-Pierre Longre’s comparative analysis in his book Richesses of Uncertainty, Queneau and Cioran (2020).

More...

Download

Vydūno idėjų santykiai su Friedricho Nietzsche’s filosofija

Author(s): Rūta Marija Vabalaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 103/2020

This article continues the historical study of Lithuanian reception of Friedrich Nietzsche that began in Independent Lithuania. The center of my inquiry is the relationship of Nietzsche’s philosophy to Vydūnas’ ideas, which are prima facie ideologically opposite to Nietzsche’s. The first chapter analyzes the relevant works of Vydūnas in chronological order; the second one provides a more general comparison of his and Nietzsche’s thoughts. Finally, we conclude that in the most general sense, the similarities of their philosophies are based on Vydūnas’ disposition to the affirmation of the life and of the meaningfulness of all creative powers. Such a disposition always results in a positive assessment of activity, strength, and determination to overcome obstacles and even to rise above one’s human condition.

More...

Download

Jean-Paul Sartre’o proza kaip filosofinės minties atspindys

Author(s): Gediminas Mesonis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 103/2020

The article draws conclusions based on an analysis of the most prominent of Sartre’s literary works such as: The Devil and the Good Lord (Le Diable et le Bon Dieu, 1951), No Exit (Huis clos, 1944), The Flies (Les mouches, 1943), Nausea (La nausée, 1938) and some others. It is observed that, by their behaviour, thoughts and aims, the characters of the literary works manifestly reflect the philosophy of existentialism. It is through their existential behaviour and existential thinking that these characters seek humanism. Seeking humanism, they protest against a society in which satisfying the human ego has become not just the routine of life, but also a goal. In literary writings by Sartre, one can gain an understanding that the possibility of making choices by the human being is the method that can lead towards humanism, which can serve as a foundation for building different society. Notably, the path towards this different society and this new society as an ideal find their reflection not in Sartre’s literary writings, but rather in his philosophical works: Existentialism Is a Humanism (L’existentialisme est un humanisme, 1946), Critique of Dialectical Reason (Critique de la raison dialectique I et II, 1960, 1985). The article puts forward the contention that pessimism over the existence of the human being that is evident in Sartre’s works of fiction does not seem so hopeless if this existence is contemplated against the background of his philosophical writings.

More...

Download

Pitanje razložnosti svijeta

Author(s): Luka Domjanović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03+04/2019

The article provides a short deduction of the nonexistence of reason for the world, obtained by defining the world as “the totality of existing”. It starts with the mentioned definition of the world, proceeds with assuming every possible reason as something existing and concludes that no reason, due to the assumption, can possibly stand outside the world. The article counter-posits two standpoints pertaining to the question of the reason for the world, agnosticism and negative gnosticism. Also, it provides two possible answers to the Leibniz’ question (“Why existence rather than nothingness?”). Out of the two, one answer allows the extension “rather than nothingness”, while the other considers it meaningless; the article demonstrates that the answer can in both cases be reduced to the same.

More...

Download

Dialogue on Posthuman Life, Death and COVID-19

Author(s): Francesca Ferrando,Asijit Datta / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This interview between Francesca Ferrando (New York University) and Asijit Datta (University of Calcutta) is an extended and exhaustive effort to weigh the pressing concerns of posthuman life, death, and philosophy in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. Philosophical discourse on matters related to dualism, humanism, anthropocentrism, during a phase when exposed human bodies are susceptible to a deadly, mutating virus itself, warrants some paradoxical attention. There has never been a more suitable age and a period to discuss the onto-epistemological anxieties against the background of biotechnological advancements. Akin to an inverse ouroboros, the latest medical equipment or a favourable vaccine for diseases is part of the reparation process undertaken to balance out the damage perpetrated by capitalism. Questions from the interviewer traverse topics involving the Anthropocene, non-human animals/others, genetic mutations, ethnic crises, ethical response towards the dead, posthumanism as spirituality, and the posthuman multiverse.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Qu’est-ce que la décadence ?

Author(s): Miranda Arnaud / Language(s): French Issue: 27/2021

Aux nombreuses études littéraires sur l’idée de décadence répond un silence presque total des autres sciences humaines. Comment expliquer cette déconsidération et peut-on y remédier ? Cet article montre que le problème réside dans la mécompréhension du statut même de la décadence : elle n’est ni un fait ni un concept, mais bien une catégorie essentielle de notre rapport au temps. If literary studies on the idea of decadence thrive, social sciences seem willingly to ignore it. How can we explain this disdain? And how could it be overcome? This article will demonstrate that the problem lays on a misunderstanding about the nature of decadence: it is not a fact nor a concept, but an essential category for our perception of time.

More...

Download

Vytauto kavolio egologija: kelios įžvalgos

Author(s): Arūnas Sverdiolas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 75/2021

This article discusses Vytautas Kavolis’s essential philosophical questions related to his self-understanding and making sense of himself through the passion of pain and the sense of inner emptiness or, in other words, the grounding of oneself in nothing. Such a conscious position of Kavolis makes him similar to Sartre. His self-understanding is based on conceptions of duty and loyalty, which together with empathy and memory are thought of as the most important ties of human community. The sense of emptiness likens Kavolis’s thought to that of the Lutheran mystic Jakob Böhme, who identified God with emptiness or non-being. Emptiness is associated with transcendence, which is explained as the lifting of everything into the unknown. It is only through its relationship with the unknown that the ego is formed. Transcendence, community, solidarity, and the ego being formed go into one knot. To be sure, the ego is reflected on in distinct cultures and distinct civilizations. Ego as one‘s I is defined through its difference from other possibilities in other civilizations. A distant other in which the ego is not reflected because it is different is distinguished from a neighboring other, from something that is not one‘s alter ego. Ego is presented on the same level with civilization; such seemingly incomparable things are joined together by a totality of meaning. On the one hand, there’s the ego or I myself as the source and configuration of meaning; on the other, there’s such a giant area as civilization. The possibility of comparing one‘s I with civilization is held to be the furthest point of Kavolis’s theory.

More...

Download

AKTUELIZACIJE I OSPORAVANJA KANTOVE IDEJE DOSTOJANSTVA

Author(s): Marinko Lolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

In the first part of the paper the author puts forward concisely and discusses the wider theoretical basis of Kant’s concept of human dignity which does not comprise only his moral philosophy and philosophy of law, but also Kant’s writings on anthropology, philosophy of history, religion and education. Referring to the wider theoretical foundation of Kant’s conception of dignity, the author tries to show that the majority of Kant’s critics overlooked some substantial aspects of this concept which are important for understanding Kant’s theory of upbringing and anthroponomy. Such putting forward of Kant’s conception of human dignity, the author thinks, offers more precise understanding of various types of philosophical objections and challenges of Kant’s conception of human dignity in the context of the classical German idealism of Shiller, Fichte and Hegel regardless of the fact that objections show the limits of this conception or necessity of its extension and possibility of its further elaboration. The second part of the paper discusses the criticisms of Kant’s conception of dignity in 19 century which are motivated by the radical criticisms of Kant’s philosophy of transcendental idealism and especially its moral theory. In contrast to the philosophical disputes about the problem of dignity in the classical German idealism which showed the limits of Kant’s conception of dignity and necessity of its extension, the philosophical criticisms of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche will challenge radically from different philosophical perspectives the meaning of the very concept of human dignity in the context of Kant’s moral theory. In the third part of the paper the author discusses not only the various forms of contemporary reaffirmations but also criticisms of Kant’s conception of dignity in 20 century from the perspectives of phenomenology, Marxist philosophy and other contemporary philosophical currents which dominate in the postmodernism. The insight into recent debates on Kant’s problem of dignity shows not only that various attempts of quest „after virtue“, „upbringing for human dignity“, „orthopaedics of upright gait“ but also the philosophical and moral theories which treat „the obsolescence of human dignity“ bring into the focus of philosophical and moral debates again the problem of freedom, autonomy and humanism which are the crucial moral issues that Kant initiated by his idea of human dignity. Many debates showing the value of human dignity confirm the well-known Kant’s claim that no idea no matter how daring we must treat as „chimaera and reject it as beautiful dream even if there were obstacles in its realization“. The obstacles are only moral temptation which should, according to Kant, „aggrandize the powers of our soul and anneal them“.

More...

Download

О ТЕМЕЉУ ЉУДСКОГ ДОСТОЈАНСТВА

Author(s): Zoran Kinđić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

Trying to understand the foundation of human dignity, the author discusses the viewpoints of Pico della Mirandola, Kant and Christianity. According to the Renaissance thinker, the human dignity comes from the possibility that he, in contrast to other beings, only by himself can both make and form himself. Rejecting the Christian humility, Pico della Mirandola thinks that man, since he cannot accept to be the second in anything, only by himself can rise even above the angels. Although the modern idea of self-creation is partly present in Kant’s philosophy too, the German philosopher thinks that the foundation of human dignity lies in man’s personality, in fact that he is purpose by itself and moral being. Convinced that the dignity is connected with the sphere of morality, Kant claims that sanctity of moral law is transferred to man who as a rational being is the subject of the moral law. If the sanctity as the foundation of dignity is preserved even in Kant’s philosophy, it is quite expected that in religion human dignity lies in the measure he is like God. In contrast to Kant, who narrows religion to morality, Christianity claims that the human dignity comes from the fact that he is created in the image of God. Since man is both given as image of God and can be improved as likeness to God, he has the dignity in the measure he is like God.

More...