BERDYAEV FELSEFESİNİN TEMEL ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Kasım Müminoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2017

Russian thought is basically the thought directed in to the eschatological problems and painted with belief in the Hereafter. In this respect, it is different from Western philosophy. This gives him the character of religious philosophy. So the philosophy that determines the direction of Russian thought is the Russian religious philosophy. The greatest representatives are known as Vladimir Solovyov (1853-1900), Sergei Bulgakov (1871-1944), Nikolay Berdyaev (1874-1948). The purpose of this study is to lay to reveal on which based principles relayed the famous Russian thinker Nikolay Berdyaev’s philosophy. Berdyaev’s world of thought is fed by Russian thinkers such as Vladimir Solovyov, Nesmelov, Rozanov, Merejkovskiy, Dostoyevsky, as well as most well-known philosophers of the Western world, such as A. Schopenhauer, J. Böhme and Nietzsche. So that this effect manifests itself in his views of morality, religion, freedom, personality and knowledge. Most of Russian writers of the history of philosophy divide the line of thoughts of Berdyaev into certain periods. In this study, we will try to examine the principles of the philosophy of Berdyaev within these periods.

ADORNO I TILLICH O KULTURI

Author(s): Boško Pešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Aim of this paper is centered around the fact that even a cursory overview of Adorno’s and Tillich’s written opus provides a clear insight into the phenomenon of culture as a vital part of their scholarly attention. In times when “thinking” is reduced almost exclusively at its “market value”, a subject of “culture” seems like appropriate topic. The purpose of intellectual dismantling of “instrumentalization of culture” requires that theory of culture of both authors is thought of as a strict opposition to the same instrumentality. Whether we consider Adorno’s concept of cultural industry as an indicator of a regression of enlightened reason or Tillich’s idea of the theology of culture as a philosophical and theological questioning of the background of cultural religious behavioral patterns, culture in both these intellectual endeavours reveals itself at the same time as an indicator and as a bearer of meaning. In conclusion, critique of culture manifests itself as an perpetually necessary enterprise because a cultural politics that does not tolerate its criticism has all the prerequisites of becoming a total ideology.

RELIGIJSKO ISKUSTVO

Author(s): Shahriar Soleimani / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2016

During the last centuries, in the area of religious phenomenology multiple critical visions of philosophers appear in terms of natural theology and rationalism, which opened up new topics and discussions relating to religious matters, most important one of which is the question of religious experience. Acting in accordance with religious teachings can lead to a variety of internal achievements, feelings and experiences, such as feeling the presence of Almighty God, visions of angels (angels) or listening to the way in which creatures praise God (tasbih). These achievements are certainly different from the everyday and ordinary human experience and belong to something that is different from what we mean by normal and ordinary man’s outward experiences. The phenomenology of such experiences, their types, finding what they have in common and similar issues are topics that are subsumed under religious experience.

A posztmodern: átok vagy áldás? (1)

Author(s): Attila Daly / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 05/2016

ÉMILE DURKHEIMOVA KRITIKA ANIMIZMA I NATURALIZMA

Author(s): Željko Oštarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 43+44/1999

In the first part of the article, as a kind of introduction to understanding Durkheim's critique of animism and naturalism, the author has tried to show that animism and naturalism, despite their theoretical and methodological incompatibility, can be comparatively analysed by using three postulations: universalism, positivism and evolutionarism. In the second part the author considers Durkheim's critical rejection of the basic tenets of animism and naturalism. The principal reason for the rejection of both animism and naturalism was indentical: both theories either ignored the sacred or reduced it to a groundless illusion. Briefly, on the one hand, naturalism derived religion from the primitive feelings which personified the awesome forces of nature. In the linguistically oriented formulation of Max Müller, this concept of natural processes was attributed to the metaphoric power of language. In this sense, according to Durkheim, religion was "an immense metaphor without objective value".

LUHMANNOVO SHVAĆANJE FUNKCIJE RELIGIJE

Author(s): Ivan Markešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 35/1998

With regard to Luhmann’s understanding and definition of the function of religion (Funktion der Religion), Luhmann’s methodological approach to the concept of religion (Religionsbegriff) is singled out in the paper. Luhmann’s concept of religion, consisting of two components, is based on the following question: What is the competence of religion in society?

Zaborav i eliminacija religioznog u osobnom i javnom životu

Author(s): Ivan Šestak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 82/2018

According to classical philosophy, religiosity is man’s own dominion (proprium), which is given with man’s nature as such. When a man lives it in its wholeness, then it becomes the central reality of his life. Religious practice, as a litmus paper of religiosity, records in modern times, both in the West and with us, the forgetting or the absence of the “religious” in the broadest sense of the word. What are the consequences in private and public life? The author seeks to answer the question in questioning the role religion plays by its nature in human life and society. By disappearance of religion, the frame is lost for answering the question of value or the meaning of life. Burdens of life without religion are more difficult to bear, more difficult it is to maintain marriage, mental health, and generally optimism about life. At the social level, the disappearance of religion weakens the awareness of belonging to the community, the culture remains without understanding and inspiration, system of values weakens, and the chances for overcoming conflicts, reconciliation and strengthening of peace are reduced. The forgetting of the religious in private and public life can therefore have serious consequences.

Stjepan KUŠAR Bernhard Welte. Filozofija religije

Author(s): Suzana Maslać / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2017

Review of: Stjepan KUŠAR Bernhard Welte. Filozofija religije, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 2016., 258 str..

Argument reda

Author(s): Muhamed Muhamed Rezai / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2019

Without any doubt, the argument of order is for people one of the most acceptable arguments which have been established for proving the existence of God. This argument and other arguments of proving the existence of God are as old as humanity itself. From ancient times, while observing arranged and harmonized phenomena, people have been thinking about what could be the cause of that order and harmony.This paper aims to explain the main questions posed regarding the argument of order. The second part of the paper presents four objections directed against the argument of order by: John Hospers, David Hume, Darwin and Kant. After a detailed analysis of their objections, weak points and unfoundedness of their objections have been explained.

LIK TEREZIJE AVILSKE U SPISIMA EDITH STEIN

Author(s): Mirjana Pinezić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

The article analyzes the depiction of Teresa of Avila in the writings of Edith Stein. The first part brings the process of Edith Stein’s conversion and the reason why precisely Teresa was crucial in her conversion. The second part analyzes Edith Stein’s texts that show the personality of St. Teresa of Avila, her teaching and educational skills, especially regarding the knowledge of the soul and spiritual life. Edith Stein includes her among classical writers, and more importantly, among the greatest philosophers. Since philosophy should strive to understand the last foundation of reality, the third part aims to show why only those who are exalted by God to a higher level of the spirit may be able to understand this all-inclusive reality.

BARTHOVO I TILLICHOVO RAZUMIJEVANJE ODNOSA FILOZOFIJE I TEOLOGIJE

Author(s): Danijel Tolvajčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The aim of this paper is to briefly analyse different approaches to understanding the relationship between philosophy and theology represented by two great Protestant thinkers of the 20th century: Reformed theologian Karl Barth (1886 -1968) and Lutheran theologian Paul Tillich (1886-1965). Special emphasis will be on the analysis of the status of philosophy in the theological systems (systematic theology) of both thinkers, and consequently, their attitudes regarding philosophy. The main thesis of this paper is that it is possible to think of Barth and Tillich as »antipodes « with regard to the relationship between philosophy and theology: while Barth, in principle, rejects excessive interference of philosophy in the »matters« of Christian theology, Tillich, on the contrary, considers his entire thought as »standing on the border of philosophy and theology«, or in other words, as a system of »philosophical theology«.

KARL BARTH O FRIEDRICHU NIETZSCHEU

Author(s): Ivica Raguž / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The article analyzes the reception of Friedrich Nietzsche’s thought with the theologian Karl Barth. Barth brings his critique of Nietzsche in the second part of the third volume of his Church Dogmatics. His critique consists of two parts, and his main theses will also be presented in two parts in this article. The first part will analyze Barth’s insight of Nietzsche’s philosophy as »humanity without the fellow man«. According to Barth, Nietzsche was the representative of the »I am« humanity; he interpreted and understood everything as a projection of himself, and finally ended up in the »azure loneliness «. The second part presents Barth’s view of Nietzsche’s discovery of the Crucified. The Crucified God in Nietzsche’s thought is the opposite to what he himself is representing and, therefore, Nietzsche’s critique is directed primarily against Christianity as the religion of the Crucified. Furthermore, the discovery of the Crucified also shows that Nietzsche, as almost no one before him in contemporary philosophy, has recognized all the novelty and challenge of Christianity, its difficulty and its center precisely in the Crucified. The concluding thoughts bring the review of Barth’s interpretation of Nietzsche. The author evaluates the positive contribution and originality of Barth’s criticism, but criticizes its vagueness and the lack of a deeper, more serious dealing with Nietzsche.

KIERKEGAARDOVA KONCEPCIJA EGZISTENCIJALNE DIJALEKTIKE

Author(s): Ita Lučin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

Although a well-known opponent of Hegel’s speculative philosophy, Kierkegaard, in his philosophical thought, nevertheless assumed and of course modeled precisely a dialectic approach to life. Instead of ignoring the self and holding it under the discipline of absolutist whirlwind, with existential dialectic he elevated the person and as the result of all of life’s aspirations he set the individual as the only goal. It is precisely this dialectic that will involve within itself the aesthetics, ethics and as a culmination religion, and through Don Juan, Socrates and Christ it will try to serve as a guide to gain oneself, always and again fully and with the power of the absurd by abandoning oneself to God, through the power of silence and constantly overcoming despair. The outcome is promising, it is gaining the self.

KRŠĆANSKI – KATOLIČKI SVJETONAZOR PREMA ROMANU GUARDINIJU

Author(s): Ivica Raguž / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2015

The paper analyzes the concept of Christian and Catholic worldview in the thought of Romano Guardini. The first part discusses Guardini’s understanding of worldview as such. The second part shows that the true idea of world view, and that is at the same time a departure and a closeness, is realized in Jesus Christ, or in the Christian faith. Only the Christian faith offers a worldview, a vision and a view of the world, so there is also a discussion about the specific determinants of the Christian worldview. The third part presents Guardini’s interpretation of the Catholic worldview, or Catholicism. His doctrine of opposites plays an especially important role. For the German theologian, the Catholic is that what is comprehensive, what covers all the opposites and puts them into a fruitful correlation, giving each opposite a limit, and also a measure and rhythm, and with it an enrichment. In that sense, the Catholic, seen as a fruitful, non-exclusive, intense act of the opposites, remains a permanent imperative for both the Church and the individual in the Church.

PROFETIZAM POSVEĆENOGA ŽIVOTA I VAŽNOST NADE ZA SUVREMENI SVIJET

Author(s): Valentina Mandarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2015

The Year of Consecrated Life, which ends on February 2, 2016, is a special occasion for examination and self-evaluation of consecrated life in the light of the Word of God, the Church Magisterium and the charisma of individual religious communities. The article, therefore, starts with some indicators of the crisis that has engulfed the consecrated life, which is then analyzed in the broader context of the crisis in the society and the crisis in the Church. The crises of consecrated life are not only a source of anxiety, uncertainty and concern, they are also a real challenge to finding new perspectives of living personal sanctification. The religious of the 21st century together with all of mankind are witnessing many forms of hopelessness that is affecting the modern world. This hopelessness originates in the permanent temptation of man to move away from God and to place his hope and security into his own creations. In such a universal hopelessness, the author associates the mission of the consecrated life with the offering of the signs of hope which for modern disoriented man may be true beacons of light.

FILOZOFIJA I TEOLOGIJA U GETSEMANSKOJ NOĆI LAV ŠESTOV O FILOZOFIJI FRIEDRICHA NIETZSCHEA

Author(s): Ivica Raguž / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2010

The article presents Lev Shestov’s reflections on Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. We’ll hereby show in brief the novelty expressed in Shestov’s understanding of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Namely, Shestov was one of the first to notice the great significance of Nietzsche’s idea not only for the critical understanding of the European culture, philosophy and politics but also for a better understanding of theology and the Church. The Russian philosopher thinks that theology should take Nietzsche as its inspiration, particularly his criticism of the Western notion of rationality, ethics and discourse on God. In so doing Shestov didn’t fail to criticize Nietzsche’s philosophy, which will also be considered in the article. Following Shestov’s analysis of Nietzsche, we’ll evaluate and critically examine the contribution of both philosophers to the modern theology, particularly to certain theological issues, such as the relationship between the faith and reason, good and evil in the world, love for the fellow human being, and discourse on God. The actuality of their ideas in theology can be comprised in the image of the ‘Gethsemane Night’, eagerly used by Shestov himself. The term theology of ‘Gethsemane Night’ embraces the theology susceptible to suffering, to insecurity; theology never cocooned within its own systems, but one in relentless search for God, God who can only be found beyond all the human ideas and systems.

BITI LJUBLJEN ILI NE BITI LJUBLJEN – TO JE PITANJE. JEAN-LUC MARION O SV. AUGUSTINU

Author(s): Ivica Raguž / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2008

Odnos teologije i filozofije u srednjovjekovlju obično se tumačio odnosom gospodarice i sluškinje. Tu sliku preuzima i Immanuel Kant, naglašavajući pritom da će filozofija rado preuzeti ulogu sluškinje, ali samo ako ide »ispred svoje milostive i nosi joj svjetiljku«. Gledajući povijest odnosa filozofije i teologije, može se zasigurno reći da su se filozofija i teologija mijenjale u ulozi tako shvaćene sluškinje.

BUDI VOLJA TVOJA – ISUSOVA INDIFERENCIJA

Author(s): Dominik Terstriep / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2010

Razmatranje otajstava Isusova života, svim osjetilima kojima čovjek raspolaže, od središnjeg je značenja u Ignacijevoj knjizi Duhovne vježbe. Tko se susretne s ovim otajstvima, nađe se pred izazovom: želi odgovoriti na to što je Bog učinio za njega, kako se trudi oko njega (usp. EB 53). Indiferencija je pomoć za pronalaženje pravoga odgovora u konkretnoj odluci. Ova posljednja točka može se činiti čudnom, budući da je cilj indiferencije upravo ne ostati ravnodušan.

Book Review

Author(s): Gregory Frisby / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2019

Review of: GREGORY FRISBY - Tim Crane, The Meaning of Belief: Religion from an Atheist’s Point of View, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017, xiv + 207 pp.

SADREDDİN ŞİRAZİ’DE TANRI’NIN BİLGİSİ PROBLEMİ

Author(s): Saim Güngör / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2013

According to Shirazi, it is not possible to describe with description and define with any definition the essence of God. Because the most extensive and broad existence is the existence of God. There is no other existence that is broader and more extensive than God. According to our philosopher, God’s essence and attribute express the same reality. As for Shirazi, God does not have any action other than creating. All of God’s actual attributes can be reduced of giving life and creating from nothing. According to Shirazi, the reason God’s knowledge was absolute, is because God develops its own entity by making its own entity develop the entity as the thinker. God’s knowledge of the possible creatures is not the images portrayed to its supreme self. Such statement, for Shirazi, belongs to Aristotle and the peripatetic philosophers who followed him. According to Sadr al- Shirazi, the knowledge of God is the same as it own entity. God knows and thinks His own essence. God’s essence does not dictate itself by forcing itself. With its own essence, God knows the small fractions inside the total whole. According to our philosopher, God’s essence is not hidden from Himself by being a curtain to His own entity. According to Shirazi, Almighty God knowing His own mandatory existence, makes it essential and requires for God to know all the assets and entities outside His own. Shirazi lines up the degree of the knowledge of God over things as the book of grace, incident, fate, preserved tabled, predetermination pen and book of existence.