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European Capital of Culture 2016: Wrocław’s (and Poland’s) Opportunities

Author(s): Marta Stormowska,Adriana Skorupska / Language(s): English

Naming Wrocław a European Capital of Culture (ECOC) for 2016 is an opportunity not only to promote the city and its region but also may allow Poland to highlight issues important to its foreign policy, such as the Eastern Partnership and migration in Europe. Thirty years of ECOC indicates that the key to success is to treat the programme as part of a long-term strategy for a city’s development. Success for the Lower Silesian capital would be not only strengthened cultural infrastructure but also a permanent boost in the city’s brand. To achieve these goals, Wrocław needs to join together cultural and local-government efforts to achieve the European dimension of the programme.

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Europejska Stolica Kultury – szansa dla Wrocławia i Polski

Author(s): Marta Stormowska,Adriana Skorupska / Language(s): Polish

Wybór Wrocławia na Europejską Stolicę Kultury w 2016 r. jest szansą nie tylko na promocję miasta, regionu i Polski, lecz także na poruszenie tematów istotnych z punktu widzenia polskiej polityki zagranicznej, takich jak Partnerstwo Wschodnie oraz migracje w Europie. Trzydziestoletnia tradycja idei ESK wskazuje, że najistotniejsze jest wpisanie realizacji programu w wieloletnią strategię rozwoju miasta. O prawdziwym sukcesie stolicy Dolnego Śląska będzie można mówić, jeśli prócz stworzenia nowych, trwałych elementów infrastruktury kulturowej uda się wzmocnić markę Wrocławia. Kluczowe jest połączenie dyplomacji kulturalnej i samorządowej w realizacji europejskiego wymiaru tego programu.

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Freeze the Grexit: Germany and the Latest Escalation of Eurozone Crisis

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): English

A Greek exit from the eurozone is an unfavourable scenario for Germany. It would threaten not only German debt and economic interests but also its political leadership in the European Union, which Berlin has developed in recent years. The safest option is a continuation of support for Greece: strong enough to not bankrupt it, and modest enough not to strengthen the Syriza government.

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Canada’s Ukrainian Diaspora and the Country’s Strong Support for Kyiv

Author(s): Piotr Kościński / Language(s): English

The existence of a large, very politically active Ukrainian diaspora in Canada largely explains the strong commitment of the country to military and economic assistance for Ukraine. This makes Canada an important partner for the EU’s and Poland’s joint projects in building support for Ukraine, including both the construction of a stable democracy there and in strengthening its economy. Cooperation with Canada through NATO can contribute to strengthening the Alliance’s eastern flank.

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Ukraińska diaspora i kanadyjska pomoc dla Kijowa

Author(s): Piotr Kościński / Language(s): Polish

Istnienie dużej, bardzo aktywnej politycznie ukraińskiej diaspory w Kanadzie w znacznym stopniu wyjaśnia silne zaangażowanie tego kraju w pomoc wojskową i gospodarczą dla Ukrainy. Czyni to z Kanady istotnego partnera dla Unii Europejskiej i Polski w tworzeniu wspólnych projektów wspierania Ukrainy, zarówno w budowie stabilnej demokracji, jak i w umacnianiu gospodarki. Współdziałanie z Kanadą w NATO może umocnić wschodnią flankę Sojuszu.

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TTIP and Third Countries: Making It More Transatlantic

Author(s): Marek Wąsiński / Language(s): English

Third countries worry that, if the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is agreed, it can have a serious negative impact, in particular decreasing their trade with the European Union and the United States. It will affect not only developing countries, but Western nations too. Concerns of partners of the U.S. and EU could be tackled by giving them an opportunity to join the agreement.

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TTIP a kraje trzecie: kto obawia się umowy transatlantyckiej

Author(s): Marek Wąsiński / Language(s): Polish

Kraje trzecie obawiają się, że Transatlantyckie Partnerstwo na rzecz Handlu i Inwestycji (TTIP) może mieć negatywne skutki, w szczególności ograniczyć ich wymianę handlową z Unią Europejską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi. Dotyczy to nie tylko krajów BRICS, lecz także bliskich sojuszników Zachodu. Obawy partnerów Unii i USA można jednak zmniejszyć przez wprowadzenie możliwości przystąpienia do umowy państw trzecich.

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Corporate Cultural Responsibility and the Promotion of Polish Business Abroad

Author(s): Patryk Kugiel / Language(s): English

Culture can be a powerful marketing and branding tool for corporations and states alike. As Polish companies strengthen the Corporate Social Responsibility model while competing on global markets, they should also pay special attention to supporting culture. The stronger engagement of business in cultural diplomacy would bring extra resources and create a synergy between the efforts of the private and public sectors to build Poland as a positive brand. To facilitate this cooperation, the government can create new mechanisms and regulations that will attract greater business involvement in such promotion.

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Wsparcie kultury a promocja polskiego biznesu za granicą

Author(s): Patryk Kugiel / Language(s): Polish

Kultura może być znakomitym narzędziem marketingowym i wizerunkowym nie tylko dla państw, lecz także dla firm. Polskie przedsiębiorstwa, rozwijając model społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, powinny zwracać szczególną uwagę na wspieranie kultury i promocję kulturalną kraju za granicą. Dzięki temu będą mogły zbudować pozytywny wizerunek własny i wzmocnić markę Polski. Aby bardziej zaangażować biznes w zadania dyplomacji kulturalnej i wykorzystać efekt synergii sektora prywatnego i publicznego, rząd mógłby stworzyć nowe mechanizmy i regulacje ułatwiające tę współpracę.

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Turkey’s Peace Process with the PKK Faltering

Author(s): Pinar Elman / Language(s): English

The peace negotiations between Turkey and the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) will enter a critical moment prior to Turkey’s general elections on 7 June 2015. Despite a mutual commitment to a political solution, the peace process is at risk of failure because it is vulnerable to several factors, including potential rifts within the PKK leadership, the threat of ISIS on the Turkish border and the upcoming elections, which the government wants to go ahead undisturbed. While cooperating in the fight against ISIS, the EU and the U.S. should support the peace process while also emphasising to Kurdish forces their commitment to the territorial integrity of the region.

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The Risky Game of EMU Withdrawal

Author(s): Karolina Borońska-Hryniewiecka / Language(s): English

With the Greek parliamentary elections approaching, the possibility the country may leave the eurozone is gaining momentum. An analysis of the various legal, political and economic implications of EMU withdrawal indicates that the best option for the EU would be to solve the Greek debt crisis as it stands, with the second option being a two-tier euro arrangement for countries undergoing financial restructuring.

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Ryzykowna gra w wyjście ze strefy euro

Author(s): Karolina Borońska-Hryniewiecka / Language(s): Polish

W miarę zbliżania się greckich wyborów parlamentarnych pytanie o możliwość wyjścia Grecji ze strefy euro nabiera „politycznego momentum”. Z analizy ewentualnych prawnych, politycznych i ekonomicznych skutków rezygnacji ze wspólnej waluty wynika, że najlepszym rozwiązaniem dla Unii Europejskiej byłaby restrukturyzacja greckich długów w obecnej konfiguracji instytucjonalnej. Drugą w kolejności opcją może być utworzenie substrefy euro dla krajów poddanych odbudowie finansowej.

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The Islamic State: A Threat to Russia

Author(s): Anna Maria Dyner,Kacper Rękawek / Language(s): English

The Islamic State’s military offensive constitutes not only a threat to other states of the region, Europe and the United States, but also to Russia. This is down to the potency of the spread of Islamist ideology within the borders of the Caucasus entities of the Russian Federation, and also the latter’s international environment. For this reason, while criticising the American and European policies in the Middle East, Russia is simultaneously in favour of armed activities aimed at the Islamic State, and the Russian authorities are proposing the formation of a new, anti-terrorism coalition under the auspices of the United Nations. Poland should join it only if the U.S. and EU Member States are also going to participate.

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Państwo Islamskie zagrożeniem dla Rosji

Author(s): Anna Maria Dyner,Kacper Rękawek / Language(s): Polish

Ofensywa Państwa Islamskiego jest zagrożeniem nie tylko dla państw regionu, Europy i USA, lecz także dla Rosji. Decyduje o tym podatność kaukaskich podmiotów Federacji, a także jej bezpośredniego sąsiedztwa międzynarodowego, na ideologię islamistyczną. Dlatego Rosja, choć krytykuje politykę amerykańską i europejską na Bliskim Wschodzie, sprzyja operacjom zbrojnym wymierzonym w tę organizację terrorystyczną, a także wysunęła koncepcję utworzenia nowej koalicji pod egidą ONZ. Polska powinna poprzeć taką koalicję jedynie pod warunkiem, że będą brały w niej udział również USA i państwa UE.

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The EU’s Global Gateway Strategy: Opportunities and Challenges

Author(s): Elżbieta Kaca / Language(s): English

The Global Gateway (GG) strategy aims to increase the EU’s infrastructure connections on a global scale. The strategy might lead to improving the Union’s image, for example, in its immediate vicinity, and increasing the participation of Member State entities in the implementation of EU projects. The challenge is how to effectively coordinate the strategy amongst EU institutions and get private sector cooperation. For Poland, it will be important to accelerate investments in the Eastern Partnership (EaP) region and to diversify transport corridors from the EU to China.

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Foreign Policy in the Presidential Campaign in South Korea

Author(s): Oskar Pietrewicz / Language(s): English

The presidential election in South Korea will be held on 9 March. The main candidates are representatives of the largest political parties: Lee Jae-myung of the ruling liberal Democratic Party and Yoon Suk-yeol of the opposition conservative People Power Party. A Lee victory would largely mean the continuation of the current government’s foreign policy - striving for dialogue with North Korea, maintaining a strong alliance with the U.S., and stable relations with China. If Yoon wins, it would increase the likelihood of stronger support of South Korea for the U.S. in its rivalry with China and increased tensions in relations with North Korea. Both candidates condemn Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, but draw different conclusions from the war.

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War and Elections: French Presidential Candidates on the Russian Invasion

Author(s): Łukasz Maślanka / Language(s): English

Russia’s attack on Ukraine dominated the French debate in the last month of the presidential campaign and sparked widespread condemnation. Candidates who had previously declared pro-Kremlin views partially modified their rhetoric, while President Emmanuel Macron, who maintains an advantage in the polls, tried to emphasise the lack of a credible alternative to himself. A prolonged war or if fighting spreads to other countries may induce the French to focus even more deeply on security issues. Cessation of the hostilities will stimulate a discussion on the legitimacy of the scale of the adopted sanctions and their consequences for France.

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Putin’s neo-totalitarian project: the current political situation in Russia

Author(s): Maria Domańska / Language(s): English

As the invasion of Ukraine began, the totalitarian ambitions of the Putin regime were revealed on a larger scale than ever before. These designs have been reflected in increased repression, the unprecedented encroachment of the state into the private lives of citizens, the growing ideologisation of the public discourse, and top-down efforts to mobilise public support for the war. The regime is dismantling the previous semblance of pluralism that had existed within the ruling elite. There is no sign of a coming split within the political establishment and business circles, while society is demonstrating great adaptability to the realities of armed conflict. Even forced deployments of citizens to the frontline have not met with any significant resistance. This situation is likely to continue unless Russia suffers a crushing military defeat in Ukraine. It should be assumed that Vladimir Putin will run in the presidential election scheduled for March 2024 and build his legitimacy on the myth of ‘defensive war’ against the West.

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Safe skies? Air defence on NATO’s northern, eastern and south-eastern flank

Author(s): Jacek Tarociński,Justyna Gotkowska / Language(s): English

The Russian aggression against Ukraine has highlighted the crucial role of air and missile defence in modern full-scale conflicts. A multi-layered, adequately saturated and integrated system is necessary to provide cover for troops, and also to protect the critical infrastructure and major population centres of the countries on NATO’s northern, eastern and south-eastern flank. These countries, along with Sweden and Finland, have varying levels of air defence protection, but none of them are currently sufficient in themselves, and the ongoing efforts to build multi-layered air defences leave much to be desired. Only some of these countries are in the advanced process of modernising and building up their capabilities. There are also some whose systems provide only rudimentary protection, and which have no plans to develop them adequately or are unable to do so for financial reasons. This poses a problem more broadly for the Alliance as a whole, as the critical infrastructure in these countries – which will be used for military purposes in case of a NATO operation – is insufficiently protected.

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Ukrainian Society in the Face of War

Author(s): Maria Piechowska / Language(s): English

Social mobilisation in Ukraine in the face of the Russian aggression remains high. The majority of the population actively supports the actions of the Ukrainian armed forces and the authorities, and there are relatively few cases of collaboration with enemy forces in the occupied territories. However, the lack of prospects for a quick end to the war may weaking the determination to resist. That is why it is important to provide support directly to Ukrainian society, including humanitarian aid.

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