Służby specjalne w starożytnym Izraelu

Author(s): Roman Krawczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

All states have intelligence services. The operation of these services varies depending on historical and social circumstances. The methods used by secret services in their activity always reflect the historical stage of their operation. The author of this text discusses the operation of secret services in ancient Israel. The article consists of three parts divided on the basis of historical criteria. Firstly, the author describes the services' operation during the Exodus of the Israelites out of Egypt and in the period of the Judges. Secondly, he analyzes the operation of secret services during the Israelite monarchy and the era of the fall of the state. Thirdly, the author discusses two cases of special operations of an extremely negative character, quoted by the authors of the New Testament.

Kryzys imigracyjny w Grecji: zapotrzebowanie na europejskich oficerów łącznikowych ds. imigracji (ILO) w ramach wywiadu osobowego (HUMINT)

Author(s): John M. Nomikos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Terrorist attacks in Europe, such as Spain (2004), London (2005) and recently France (2015) have transformed European governments, national security decision-makers, religious leaders, media and the general public to play both critical and constructive roles in the war against terrorism. The article focuses on the uncontrollable numbers of undocumented migrants and refugees that arrive in Greece on their way to Germany (primarily) and Scandinavian states; as well as emphasizes the need for an EU Migration Policy and the establishment of a Network of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) European Immigration Liaison Officers (ILO) who collect and share intelligence among 28 EU member states in order to prevent human traffickers from transferring migrants instead of trying to manage immigrants after they have arrived in the European land.

Odmowa wydania poświadczenia bezpieczeństwa przez polskie służby ochrony państwa

Author(s): Mirosław Karpiuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The article addresses the issues concerning the access to classified information. The access to classified information of at least "confidential" level is possible after obtaining a security clearance and completion of the appropriate training. To obtain the security clearance, it is necessary to guarantee the maintenance of secrecy. The authority refuses to grant a security clearance through an administrative decision. Such a decision is subject to control both in the course of the administrative appellate procedure, as well as by the administrative court.

Dywersyjna działalność ochotników z krajów byłego ZSRR w wojnach na terenie byłej Jugosławii

Author(s): Mateusz Zulczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The article presents the results of research on the participation of Russian volunteers in sabotage activities during the civil war on the territory of former Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It describes the volunteers' combat trail, probable motives, as well as the methods of recruitment and redeployment. Moreover, the author attempts to answer the significant question: whether the Russians involved in combat activities were mercenaries or – as they claim themselves – volunteers.

The Psychological Criteria for Selection of Candidates for Secret Services

Author(s): Brunon Hołyst / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The psychological profile is one of the key factors in the process of recruiting candidates for secret services. Specific conditions of carrying out tasks by the officers of the secret services, mainly those working at the operational level, in addition to the general psychophysical, professional (professionalism, reliability, responsibility, passion) and moral characteristics (loyalty, ethics and professional solidarity) require specific personal qualities, especially those enabling them to act under prolonged stress. The aim of this article is to outline the methods for assessing personality and temperament of (desired and undesired) candidates for secret services.

The Legal and Ethical Dimension of Business Intelligence

Author(s): Robert Białoskórski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The subject of the research is the legal and ethical dimension of business intelligence. The author argues that business intelligence is a category of open source intelligence which goes only slightly beyond the sphere of advanced business analytics. In this scope, business intelligence, by definition, differs from business spying which allows for illegal activities. The author has based the above thesis on the results of the analysis of the legal and ethical dimension of business intelligence. The analysis of the legal sphere has been based on the key aspects of the legal system of the Republic of Poland.

The Secret Invention as a Component of the State Security

Author(s): Andrzej Dana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In the Polish literature in the field of the protection of intellectual property, classified information and criminal law little space is devoted to industrial property related to the invention of a secret character. Meanwhile, it is of exceptional importance for the state defence and security. From the point of view of the state's role in the protection of such property, it is an element of broadly construed security. The problem of regulation of the field of secret inventions is associated with the establishment of coherent legal and institutional regulations in order to create the basis for business activity and the development of scientific and research fields for all such technical solutions.

The Surveillance of State Police Officers by Enemy Agents in the Special NKVD Camp in Ostashkov (September 1939–May 1940)

Author(s): Marek Fałdowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In the Ostashkov camp, as in two other special camps – in Kozelsk and Starobelsk, through an extensive network of agents and informants, the NKVD tried to obtain at any cost the information which was very important from the point of view of political and military goals of the USSR. Prisoners of war from the Ostashkov camp, mainly police officers, were treated in a much stricter way by the Soviet authorities than the prisoners of other special camps. Post-inspection reports from the camp prepared by the NKVD officers clearly show that the police officers and senior state officials were in the absolute majority active counter-revolutionaries and supporters of the rebirth of Poland, ill-disposed towards the Soviet Union. The lowest number of survivors (basing on various data) from the camp in which the highest number of prisoners was placed is an indisputable proof in this respect.

The Secret Services in the National Security Strategy of 5 November 2014.

Author(s): Jarosław Galicki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The Polish secret services are divided into the civilian and military ones. The first group includes: Internal Security Agency, Foreign Intelligence Agency and Central Anti-Corruption Bureau, and the second – Military Counterintelligence Service and Military Intelligence Service. The fact that these structures belong to the secret services follows directly from the legislation in force. The operations of the secret services, however, in addition to what results from the legal regulations, have a more general, strategic context. In this regard, the National Security Strategy imposes on the secret services the tasks in the sphere of defence and protection of the state. It also determines the future directions of operations of the secret services.

Secret Services as a Tool Used to Further the Interests of the State – Legal and Practical Aspect

Author(s): Izabela Szostek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Secret services, both civilian and military, allow the state to further its interests. They support the decision-making process in the state, but do not shape its policy. The scope of tasks of the services varies, depending on the situation of the state, its political system and threats it must face. The services are subject to civilian control, and operate within the strictly defined legal framework. In Poland, the role of the services is significant, which does not mean that these services do not require reform. If they are to be an effective tool in the hands of the state, more attention should be paid to the quality of their personnel, organization, training, equipment and supervision system. Improving their level will allow to better protect Polish interests.

Interpol as the Main Pillar of International Police Cooperation

Author(s): Magdalena Rudnicka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Interpol is the core of the oldest and most multilateral framework for cross-border police cooperation, and the second, after the United Nations, international organization representing the largest number of member states. At the beginning, the basic form of Interpol's work was the exchange of information, only later particular international agreements were signed. Also today, the essence of Interpol is the fact that this organization gives the possibility of police co-operation or complements it in the fields where it still lacks multilateral agreements. The most important task of Interpol is to ensure that the member states are able to actively participate in the exchange of information on police matters. The problem of terrorism has become a permanent element of Interpol's operation, which is evidenced by the general fundamentals contained in the act establishing it, as well as resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of Interpol.

Classified Evidence in Criminal Proceedings. The Perspective of the European Union and the National Regulations

Author(s): Mariusz Boguszewski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The rights of the individual juxtaposed with the security issues are at the heart of the political debate between the European Parliament, the European Commission and the Council of the European Union. With the disclosure of new information about the activities of the services of the EU Member States and the third states in the field of covert collection of data about the citizens of the EU used as evidence in judicial proceedings, the activity of different institutions increases. This results in numerous attempts to strengthen the procedural guarantees of persons who such situations refer to. From the perspective of the European Parliament, the analysis and evaluation of the applicable national regulations are the starting point for the justification for strengthening of the protection of individual rights.

The Intelligence Process in the Security of the Transport of Goods of Strategic Importance

Author(s): Michał Klimek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Writing about security related to the transport and trade in goods, it is necessary to refer to two fundamental aspects, namely: ensuring security of the trade in goods of strategic importance and eliminating terrorist threats to the transport infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to outline the range of issues related to the above mentioned subject. Transport security is directly linked with the intelligence process, communications and transport intelligence as well as with effective processing of intelligence obtained.

The Russian Federation intelligence interests in the Middle East in the context of Syrian conflict

Author(s): Marta Sara Stempień / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Russian Federation deciding to support president Bashar al-Assad, under the pretext of fighting against the Islamic State, hopes for a return of the old, strong and friendly – in relation to the Kremlin – system of government in Syria. This article aims to identify the causes of the Russian military intervention in the Syrian conflict, taking into account Russia’s interests in the Middle East. It seems that these reasons are varied. One of the factors are the close relations between Russia and Syria, thus the protection of Russian interests in the region. However, they do not fully explain Kremlin’s decision. The role of motivational factor also plays a geopolitical aspect – a distraction from the war in Ukraine, as well as obtaining certain benefits in exchange for help in stopping the civil war in Syria. Russia is a key partner for the international coalition, because of its long-term cooperation with president Al-Assad. It has its intelligence structures in Syria, which, thanks to the long infiltration of jihadi circles, affect the activities of the militants from North Caucasus and Central Asia. It seems that the Kremlin, by engaging in the civil war in Syria, is trying to put pressure on the West in terms of the sanctions regime and European security policy.

Nanoroboty w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa jednostki

Author(s): Mateusz Niedbała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Idee nanotechnologii z końca XX w. urzeczywistniły się z początkiem XXI w. Szybki rozwój tej młodej dziedziny naukowej niesie ze sobą wiele obiecujących rozwiązań dotyczących przede wszystkim medycyny, ale także technologii informatycznych, w tym komunikacyjnych. Rozwój wytwarzania samych nanotechnologii, jak i nanorobotów dowodzi, że człowiekowi udało się już zmienić wadliwy genotyp zwierząt i dąży on do zastosowania tej samej metody u człowieka w oparciu o nanoroboty biologiczne. Z wielką uwagą należy jednak obserwować wykorzystanie nanotechnologii szczególnie na polu medycznym. Istnieje bowiem uzasadniona obawa użycia wspomnianych technologii, w tym budowy nanorobotów opartych na biologii, przeciwko człowiekowi. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi czytelnika na możliwości i skutki ich niekontrolowanego użycia.

The Attempt on Stalin's Life

Author(s): Siergiej Mironienko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article is devoted to one of the episodes in the fight between the secret services of the Soviet Union and Japan. It presents the story of the escape of Henry Lushkov, a high-ranking NKVD officer who went over to the Japanese side. The text describes the actions of the Japanese intelligence that using the possibilities, competence and knowledge of the defector, decided to eliminate the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin. On the one hand, the description shows the operational capabilities of the Japanese intelligence at the end of 1930s, and on the other hand, the efficiency and operational capabilities of the Soviet intelligence, which having obtained information on the planned assassination attempt was able to take effective countermeasures. At the same time, the instrumental treatment by the Japanese intelligence of the traitor shows how defectors have always been treated. If they are lucky, they may live until old age, if they are not – they end up liquidated by the services whose side they went over to. The failed operation Bear was one of the most interesting and colourful events in the fierce struggle between the Soviet security bodies and the Japanese secret services known for their brutality.

Rola i zastosowanie psychologii w przeciwdziałaniu terroryzmowi

Author(s): Jacek Czulak / Language(s): Polish Issue: VI/2015

Terrorism is a big problem of a contemporary world. The terrorists operate on every inhabitet continent of the Earth. There are a lot of definitions of a terrorism and it is difficult to define this concept precisely. There are many ways of classification of this phenomenon. Psychology is a science, which can help people to cope with this problem. Using psychological methods it is, for example, possible to lessen a probability of a terrorist attack, to make easier helping terrorism’s victims and to support the authorities to stand up to terrorists. Psychology has a lot of applications in fighting against terrorism. It is very important to understand that terrorists not only kill their direct victims but also mentally destroy the significant part of a society. One of the most important state’s function is to ensure the security of its citizens. Dangers may come from the nature (drought, flood, fire, earthquake) or may be connected to people activity (water, air and soil pollution, greenhouse effect). Another dangers are warfare, terrorism and weapons of mass dectruction. All the nations should co-operate in fighting against the terrorism.

EFEKTYWNOŚĆ I SKUTECZNOŚĆ KOMUNIKACJI W STRUKTURACH ADMINISTRACYJNYCH

Author(s): Tadeusz Konrad Grabowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: VI/2015

Communication has an impact on daily life is a process of organizing messages, in order to agree on the meaning. We communicate to a common understanding of people, events or situations. When communication is interpreted as persuasion, our goal is to persuade other people to adopt our point of view, or that we have done a desired action. We communicate to facilitate coordination between people living in some communities. Communication is the transfer of information leading to the establishment of common meanings, control people, an important task, building strong relationships. Communication shapes our social world.

STAN PRAWNY WYKROCZEŃ PRZECIWKO BEZPIECZEŃSTWU KOMUNIKACYJNEMU ORAZ PRZECIWKO MIENIU PRZED NOWELIZACJĄ

Author(s): Piotr Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: VI/2015

STRUKTURA ORGANIZACYJNA POLICJI PO 1989r.

Author(s): Daniel Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: VII/2015