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In contemporary culture is emerging a problem, which interest the public opinion - it is about faith in God, which is a challenge for the world. Existing difficulties, never-ending doubts, as well as objections to the Christian conception of life are the causes of departing the XXI century man from God. Requirements of Christianity are seen as too arduous and outdated, and as a result, many people resort to his vision of an easier life. The apparent respect commands man, who managed to convince, that following Christ deprives liberty and opposed to human happiness.The author of this study presents a passage, that has come to the people: from the perception of God as an impersonal force, through a personal God revealed in Jesus of Nazareth, to the god, who is identify with power, success, prestige and money - he is the god of “today”.
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Fiftieth anniversary of completing the II Vatican Council works allows us to look critically on theology and the post-conciliar achievements in topic of liturgy. The article regards chosen aspects of the renewal of liturgy in Joseph Ratzinger’s theological reflection. A kind of hermetic key proposed by Ratzinger for purpose of evaluating liturgy’s reform contains of three words: intelligibility, participation, simplicity. Author shows Ratzinger’s postulate of reversion to the post-conciliar constitution of liturgy. This theologian on one hand made a theological reflection over matters related to post-conciliar liturgy. On the other pointed the dangers connected with their wrong reception and comprehension. In the article the author also tried to show the timeliness of problems regarding liturgical theology fifty years after the last Council.
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Karl Rahner has influenced 20th century theology thru his conception of God’s self-communication. Commencing with his first publications, Rahner converses his idea of God’s self-communication to mankind. The questions and fears of the II. World War – stricken society forced – motivated him to reflect over the relationship between God and mankind. Grounded in the creation of the world by God, he came to the conclusion: God gives himself perpetually. Every personally received revelation is a self-gift from God. He focusses on two relevant forms of self-communication: first of all, God became human in Jesus Christ. God steps out of himself (innertrinitarien relationship) into the world (self-communication or self-alienation from God).Second, thru God’s grace is mankind (the human being) capable of perceiving and accepting God’s devotion. Rahners concept of God’s self-communication was a life-long endeavor. He led theological thinking and manner-of-speech back to an immediate encounter and to unique personal love.
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Literary texts show and introduce people to some useful truths and messages, moral guidelines and warnings, tips concerning the progress, ideals and guiding lights, instructions and models of the decent life. They also provide the important help in the religious education. On the basis of the textbooks for teaching the religion for junior high school from the series “Odsłonić twarz Chrystusa”, there have been presented some literary texts from these textbooks. The author portrayed some epic texts in the textbook for the first grade, lyrical texts in the textbook for the second grade and selected texts placed in the textbook for the third grade of Middle School. In each case they pointed to the connection of literary texts with the subject of the specific unit. In the textbooks chosen for analysis a great diversity of literary texts can be noticed. It intensifies the contents included in the individual subjects and can contribute to the development of faith. These literary texts present important values, such as love or family. Those values can support adolescents in overcoming many difficulties present in the modern world.
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The presented analysis is based on the incunabulum “Auslegung der heiligen Messe” that was issued in 1495 and preserved until 1810 in the library of the Clarissan cloister in Wrocław. Now it is kept in the Library of the Wrocław University. We are given an interesting model of creating individual prayer based on contemplating common parts of a mass liturgy. The unkonwn author has derived most elements of his text from the mistique school of St. Bernhard, the abbey of St. Victor by Paris and the Dominican master Ekchardt, although he used the mistical treatises very freely. We can recognise the medieval German tradition of understanding liturgy in meditating every part of a mass by watching all gestures of a priest and keeping on oral supplicating. We are also given the aim of the prayer – cleansing of sinns and evil, earning a favour of the Holy Trinity and spiritual changing. The vision of a holy mass has been presented as the life and work of Jesus Christ but in fact we don`t find a distinct encourage to imitate the Saviour. The deep medieval tradition is shown in preventing from frequent receiving Holy Communion.
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The analysis of historical development of question of teosis is done in the article. Teosis is determined as a way from the man of corporel to the man transformed and his height in a spirit and truth. Paid attention to the studies about the difference of essence and energy as a necessary step for the correct understanding of teosis.
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Man is a purpose within himself regardless of in which phase of development there is his life. This purpose has been given to him in the act of creation and will be realized by him according to the natural law. This law determines the structure of the human, constitutes him as a person distinguishing it from other beings. Therefore the reason admissibility of after-birth abortion is characterized by error of anthropological in the form of negating the newborn as a human person. This leads to contestation not only the right to life, but also the existence of human rights in general.
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The aim of the article is to present the development of the contemporary understanding of the modern narrative in religious education and in the gradual transition from stories and narratives to biographical narratives and those based on tradition. After first examining such aspects of the contemporary understanding of narrative as the catechetical method, they are then compared with the proposals of Fr. Zygmunt Bielawski (1877–1939) and Sr. Barbara Żulińska, CR (1881–1962).
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The notion of dialogue is a basic challenge of human existence, especially in interpersonal communications and interpersonal relations. It has appeared as a pedagogical category in many scientific disciplines, such as philosophy, theology, psychology and pedagogy. On the basis of Polish pedagogy and in connection with philosophical thinking, Janusz Tarnowski (1919–2012) proposed his personal-existential approach to pedagogy, strongly rooted in the notion of dialogue. Dialogue, according to father Tarnowski, is not simply a conversation. Dialogue is a method, a process, and an attitude. In the process of constructing an approach to Christian education focused on the person, Tarnowski utilized such categories, taken from existentialism, as authenticity, dialogue, and involvement. These categories find expression during that process of upbringing which has three goals as its aim: authenticity, dialogue and involvement. Educational dialogue, in which there is room for conversation, understanding, agreement and eventual cooperation, constitutes a method of universal utility in the process of upbringing.
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In the Polish pedagogical thought one of the most important foundations of the young man’s functioning, and especially a child, in a social space is a “civilization of love”. Based on respect for the fundamental values, which include: human life, family, true, good, it is inscribed in educational practice and gives it a higher sense, influencing on this, what is the foundation for pedagogy – the humanity itself. The basis for the considerations of the author are selected elements of personalistic pedagogy of Janusz Korczak, John Paul II and Jan Kaczkowski, which in his thought is nearing an important postulate of this pedagogy; the philosophy of drama Józef Tischner. In the opinion of the author the personalistic philosophy interfuses with personalistic pedagogy, in the context of the civilization of love both trends are converging. Sources of the civilization of love are searching in the teaching of John Paul II, especially in the context of the papal encyclicals – Evangelium vitae or Dives in misericordia; but the real beginnings of this important idea are present already in thought of Janusz Korczak.
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Podczas gdy tyle innych krajów w Europie przechodzi ciężkie koleje i widocznemu ulega rozkładowi, nasze społeczeństwo, dzięki Bogu, dzięki pewnym sprzyjającym okolicznościom a zwłaszcza próbom i niedolom, któreśmy przeboleli, zdaje się być na drodze pewnego organicznego postępu: praca mnoży się i doskonali, życie religijne i ruch naukowy zdobywają coraz szersze podstawy, klasy wyższe zajmują się szczerze ulepszeniem bytu i oświeceniem niższych, a te się wywdzię- czają rosnącem co dzień zaufaniem. W politycznych stosunkach dajemy dowód trzeźwości i zgodności z porządkiem i władzą, jakich świat o nas nie przypuszczał, w dziedzinie umiejętności swoją grzędę skrzętnie uprawiamy, a w sztuce już głośne w świecie zajęliśmy stanowisko; wreszcie w ślad za tym organicznym rozwojem mnożą się pojęcia i zdania różnych odcieni i ścierają się żywo.
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Une étude sur le lexème biblique (gr.) akatharsía dans le contexte des épîtres de Saint Paul. L'auteur soutient que Saint Paul emprunte (gr.) akatharsía au judaïsme hellénistique comme signifiant «l'aliénation de Dieu», ne négligeant pas entièrement la signification rituelle du mot («impureté, impureté»). On peut parler d’une transition vers une vision plutôt morale et spirituelle du lexème en discussion. Comme nous pouvons le voir, dans les écrits de Saint Paul l'impureté est comprise comme un acte de la chair, elle est une expression de la nature de l'être humain déchu dont les actions sont déterminées par l'engagement, non à Dieu, mais à ses instincts naturels.
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The gift of discernment is a special quality of the Desert Fathers. An elder has the gift of discernment, namely he is able to recognize the true character of ascetics he encounters. The cultivation of this virtue was a central element in the spirituality of the desert.
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Religion (from the Latin religio, religionis and relligio, redligio, derived from legere=to gather) reveals the ontological substratum of the world and answers man’s ultimate questions, resorting to traditions and to the permanent order of things, or it doesn’t necessarily answer them in current life. Starting from these remarks, in this material we aim at catching some aspects that concern the issue of sin and forgiveness in Judaism, Islam and Christianity.
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In Romania, religious education is included in all pre-tertiary studies: primary, secondary, high school and vocational education. It was first included in the Public Instruction Law (1864). However, religious education was eliminated from these structures with the establishment and ruling of the communist totalitarian regime (1948-1989). Since 1989, religious education has been reinstated in public schools, initially under protocols between the Education Ministry and the religious cults officially recognised. Later, the Romanian State emitted several normative acts referring to this issue: the Constitution (1991), Education Law no. 84/1995, National Education Law no. 1/2011, the Cults Law no. 489/2006. Each recognized cult can organise doctrine-specific religious education, in both public or private schools. Therefore, students have the constitutional right to participate in religious classes, according to their own religious beliefs. Students may be able to not attend these classes either via their own written application (if they are adults) or their guardians (if they are minors). The ”Religion” discipline can be taught only by qualified education staff, in conformance with current legal norms, enabled on the basis of protocols between parties.
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The 10th Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) took place in Busan, Republic of Korea, during the late October and early November 2013. More than 5.000 delegates from around 300 member Churches and 100 countries, examined the tasks facing the World Council of Churches, their relationships in the world, their potential and their dreams, and they came to speak more and more of the „pilgrimage of justice and peace” in describing this journey on which the God of life is leading the Christians. In the following study, we try to capture how the theme of mission is reflected in the official report, published now by WCC Publications into the year 2014.
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Ion Vidu, one of the most famous Romanian composers from Banat, composed a type of choral sacred music remarkable by a simplicity that denotes, at a second glance, not a limitation of its compositional capabilities but a real desire to connect them to the authentic aesthetic values of Orthodox music. The present study proposes a journey into the universe of Vidu's aesthetic concepts, viewed from the forefront of his efforts to create a music that corresponds to the real needs of the common liturgical song.
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