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THE FREE SPEECH: HOW GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED IT?

Author(s): Blerim Ramadani / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The data show that the media in the Republic of Macedonia became associates of the government propaganda, circumventing the professional and democratic principles of informing. The Government is one of the biggest advertisers in the country and there is concern that the funds are allocated to the television channels which support the Government. The collected data will be illustrated through analysis and comparison of the annual reports of the Organization “Reporters without Borders” and the annual reports of the European Commission, but this does not mean that other academic research will be excluded. The survey results show that in Macedonia the media freedom is not achieved, but on the contrary we have drastic deterioration of the freedom of expression. Because of this the media lose their mission to inform and educate their audience, regardless of any political pressure.

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Nobel Peace Speech

Author(s): Joshua Frye,Macy Suchan / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

The Nobel Peace Prize has long been considered the premier peace prize in the world. According to Geir Lundestad, Secretary of the Nobel Committee, of the 300 some peace prizes awarded worldwide, “none is in any way as well known and as highly respected as the Nobel Peace Prize” (Lundestad, 2001). Nobel peace speech is a unique and significant international site of public discourse committed to articulating the universal grammar of peace. Spanning over 100 years of sociopolitical history on the world stage, Nobel Peace Laureates richly represent an important cross-section of domestic and international issues increasingly germane to many publics. Communication scholars’ interest in this rhetorical genre has increased in the past decade. Yet, the norm has been to analyze a single speech artifact from a prestigious or controversial winner rather than examine the collection of speeches for generic commonalities of import. In this essay, we analyze the discourse of Nobel peace speech inductively and argue that the organizing principle of the Nobel peace speech genre is the repetitive form of normative liberal principles and values that function as rhetorical topoi. These topoi include freedom and justice and appeal to the inviolable, inborn right of human beings to exercise certain political and civil liberties and the expectation of equality of protection from totalitarian and tyrannical abuses. The significance of this essay to contemporary communication theory is to expand our theoretical understanding of rhetoric’s role in the maintenance and development of an international and cross-cultural vocabulary for the grammar of peace.

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Writing a Love Letter to Your (Perceived) Enemy: Thích Nhất Hạnh and the Rhetoric of Nonviolence

Author(s): Michael Phillips-Anderson,Rachel Phillips-Anderson / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

Vietnamese Buddhist monk and peace activist Thích Nhất Hạnh has been a leading figure in the promotion of nonviolent practice throughout the world. We examine his concept of engaged Buddhism, theories of nonviolence, and intersections with rhetorical and communication studies. His approach takes nonviolence beyond the realm of refusing to use physical violence to the recognition that language itself can be violent. In order to understand this approach we detail the concepts of interbeing, loving speech, and deep listening. We examine the role of love in Nhất Hạnh’s theory of nonviolence, comparing it with approaches taken by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. Examples are given from many of Nhất Hạnh’s speeches and writings with particular attention paid to a love letter he wrote to US President George W. Bush during the Iraq War. Thích Nhất Hạnh offers the practice of writing a love letter to one’s perceived enemy as a means to persuade for a turn to nonviolence.

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La communication publique contre les garants de la paix : l’exemple des signes religieux dans les lieux publics

Author(s): Anne-Hélène Le Cornec Ubertini / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2017

Current political and religious tensions in France threaten national cohesion. The main point is the break of reciprocity link between citizens and public institutions they finance. The systemic analysis at the heart of this work reveals close relations that these institutions maintain among themselves through recent judicial affairs on religious signs in public places. These privileged links are reflected in a common discourse on secularism that substitutes public debate and ignores the institutional guarantees of peace.

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De la concertation à la contestation : quand la peur de la rhétorique envenime les controverses sociotechniques

Author(s): Marieke Stein / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2017

Over the last few years, the organization of public debates in situations of socio-technical or socio-scientific controversy has increased considerably. This should lead to a certain form of social peace due to the fact that each of the stakeholders – including citizens associations – are able to express their ideas and make their voices heard. In such conditions, how can it be that these debates, instead of easing conflicts, are more likely to radicalize the positions of the various parties involved, and to give the groups opposing the projects the feeling of being exploited? Part of the answer lies in the numerous systems aiming at moderating discussions, which may have been set up by the debates organizers not so much in order to prevent participants from going off the rails, but rather to avoid the development of convincing arguments. Some fear of rhetoric would then be at work. The analysis of debates and consultations, institutionally organized as part of controversial coal-bed methane drilling projects in the Moselle area, allows to support this hypothesis and to offer an explanation.

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Választási kampány és társadalmi integráció

Author(s): Ágnes Kapitány,Gábor Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2015

The essay analyses the possible integrative role of political campaigns. It summarizes some typical phenomena of the Hungarian parliamentary electoral campaign of 2014. The authors draw up a hypothesis about the reasons for the diversification of the Hungarian political field today. They interpret the phenomenon (and graduation) of negative campaign. Finally, they collect some problems caused by the conflict of different points of view of different integration scales.

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Uncertainty and Indeterminacy in Brazilian Social and Media Formation: References to Think of the Problem of Recognition in the Public Space

Author(s): Jairo Ferreira / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

In this article, we propose the concept of mediatization as central to understanding the processes of disruption, uncertainty, and indeterminacy in the social formation of Brazil. This proposition does not replace the socio-anthropological approaches that propose indeterminacy as a characteristic of societies where there are no social practices symbolically referenced (Lahire, 2002). We suggest, however, that this movement that we call ascending is reproduced in an exponential way, adding time and space deferred, due to the mediatization of society, in which the use of the media by social actors breaks with discursive hegemonies of media and mediated institutions. The mediatization is conceptualized in three spheres: a) the information flows between Ecclesia, Agora, and Oikos (Bratosin, 2014; Ferreira, 2016); b) the uses, practices, and appropriations of the means, especially in digital networks; c) circulation, central in the constitution flows. Circulation is not going from hand to hand. Circulation is the operation of picking up, manipulating, in the struggle for recognition, within the framework of flows. Therefore, circulation refers to the conflicts and possibilities of social recognition, triggered by actors and institutions, media and mediatized. We suggest, therefore, a new design for the understanding of the current symbolic tensions in Latin America, based on meta-reflections from its epistemologies.

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Controlling Social Media Flow: Avoiding Unwanted Publication

Author(s): Elodie Crespel / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

Social media blurs the boundaries of social life and brings together different spheres such as family, work or friends in the same online space. Users begin to post less intimate details about themselves, and they want to see fewer details of the private lives of others as well. Users want to better control what they read on social media. This paper studies the use of information and communication technology in social and cultural context. A qualitative approach provides a rich and detailed description of contexts and motivations of social media use. It shows that users are still negotiating the endless flow of information coming from social media.

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Opinion Regulation or Civic Dialogue? Seeking New Theoretical Frameworks for the Study of Digital Politics

Author(s): Lena Alexandra Hübner / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

This article centers on the theoretical articulation of scientific studies examining interactions between different civic, political and economic actors implicated in discussions or informal exchanges among citizens on political parties’ social network sites (SNS). To come to a broader understanding of this phenomenon in western democracies, this text intends to contribute to the development of new, more nuanced, interdisciplinary, and generalizable analytical frameworks.

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Concerning at Distance: Digital Activism and Social Media Empowerment Between Latin-American Migrants in Spain

Author(s): David Ramirez Plascencia / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

This paper focuses on developing some important points about the use of social platforms in the life of Latin-Americans in Spain, particularly Mexican, Colombian and Venezuelan migrants. It shows the outcomes of data collected on closed groups in Facebook. The main topic centers on how social networks catalyze the spread of political engagement and public activism in between migrants concerning public matters in their homelands. Final outcomes will show that there is a clear inclination in using social platforms to discuss, organize and participate in public activism focused on resolving homeland problems. In this context, these virtual spaces serve as a link to stay in touch with their communities in Latin-America. Migrants are not only using social networks to make new relations in their new context but to ensure not to lose the connection with their friends and relatives, and of course, participate in social and political activism.

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Mediatization: A Concept, Multiple Voices

Author(s): Pedro Gilberto Gomes / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

Mediatization has become increasingly a key concept, fundamental, essential to describe the present and the history of media and communicative change taking place. Thus, it became part of a whole, one can not see them as a separate sphere. In this perspective, the media coverage is used as a concept to describe the process of expansion of the different technical means and consider the interrelationships between the communicative change, means and sociocultural change. However, although many researchers use the concept of mediatization, each gives you the meaning that best suits your needs. Thus, the concept of media coverage is treated with multiple voices. This paper discusses this problem and present a preliminary preposition on the matter.

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La web sphère de #CharlieHebdo : une analyse des réseaux et des discours sur Twitter autour d’une controverse politique

Author(s): Pierre Ratinaud,Nikos Smyrnaios / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2016

Our paper applies an innovative method combining network and disours analysis on a big sample of tweets posted at the moment of the attack against Charlie Hebdo. Our study contradict, at least partially, the idea that the attack against Charlie Hebdo produced a unanimous point of view. We notice first that exchanges on Twitter about the events were highly structured by political homophily. Then, if condemnation and outrage seem to be the norm for the vast majority of comments, it also appears that political positioning remains a powerful differentiator when it comes to the kind of discourse used as well as privileged themes and news sources.

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"Plutajući označitelji": pregovaranja oko značenja nacionalnog u Crnoj Gori na Internet-forumu Café del Montenegro

Author(s): Čarna Brković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

The paper represents the analysis of the narratives that deal with the sentiment of national belonging in Montenegro within the chat room Café del Montenegro. The practice of the Internet chat room users is perceived as cultural engagement – „practicing" the State and the emotion of national identification of its own kind. By writing, arguing, negotiating the meaning of the state and nation an abundance of different and broken knowledge’s are created- many histories, geographies, ethics and politics are offered. On the one hand, these directly undermines, jeopardizes and questions the power of the State narrative, hitherto negotiating the nation, the State, authentic devotion, simultaneously manufacturing the state-nation as a reality. The result of mutual correspondence in the chat room is persistent negotiation of the meaning of national categories in Montenegro over the years.

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Političke stranke i integrirano komuniciranje u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji

Author(s): Mirela Holy / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8/2016

Integrated Marketing Communication appeared in the 1980s in the United States, and is nowadays, besides companies, also used by political parties, because they recognized the importance of the synergic effects of advertising and public relations, but also of integrating the audience in the activities of the party. This paper makes use of questionnaires and content analysis of hypertext in order to examine whether the most influential political parties in Croatia and Serbia are informed about integrated marketing communication. Furthermore, the article examines whether these parties use integrated communications in their political activities and inquires how and for how long they have been applying this concept.

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Međunarodna dimenzija festivala Varaždinske barokne večeri

Author(s): Rajmond Rojnik / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 27/2016

When talking about the festival’s international dimension, we can observe, analyze and valorize its inﬂuence, widening and eﬀects through few shapes and aspects. First is participation of foreign ensembles, orchestras, soloists, conductors, directors, costume designers, production designers and other authorial personalities during all 45 years of existence of the festival. Second aspect are partner countries and their role in development the festival’s international dimension, since modification of the concept in 2006. Third are intense diplomatic, cultural and economic activities of management board, organizers and founders. Forth, also notable and important aspect, are monitoring and reviews of foreign journalists and media. Fifth and finally yet importantly, are concerts within regular program of the festival, held abroad.

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Korišćenje listinga telefonskog pretplatničkog broja građanina “metering” u preventivnom radu službi bezbedenosti

Author(s): Vlajko B. Đurić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

The need to carry out this research emerged after several unsuccessful attempts to preventive measures operating under the name, design and use of subscriber telephone listing, implemented by the security authorities and state security services and clarify future time out for a constitutional and lawful manner, which will dismiss public suspicion about misconduct in the performance of preventive activities. It is this need for legal action directed explicitly to crimes in the area of organized crime, as well as the lex specialis cases, in search for missing persons. Misuse of these operational activities are recorded several times by the Commissioner for Information of Public Interest and the Ombudsman, the same as in the means of public information and amounted, in what have so far ignored all state agencies that are responsible for the implementation of constitutional and legal rights and Justice. Such behavior has resulted in a court judgment against one of the military security services, but the general public and professional community and the other when deprived of wider debate, which would be professional and based on scientific research and the experience of European security services offer a solution to this problem.

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Politikų Dalyvavimo Pramogų Reginiuose Fenomenas

Author(s): Valdas Pruskus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 70/2012

The article analyses the phenomenon of the participation of politicians in the entertainment events. The reasons of their participation in the show events are discussed. It shows that politicians’ participation is influenced not only by subjective factors, related to the need of realisation of personal preferences and the wish of the society to better know their elected, but also objective factors such as changes of values in the EU countries manifesting by spread of nonmaterial values and growing individualism, overall distrust in politicians and efforts of media and mass media to involve the politicians into the entertainment events, the wish to raise the rating and that to increase the power and influence on society. The consequences of the participation of politicians in the entertainment events are also discussed.

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Соціальні мережі інтернету як засіб комунікації політичного лідера (на прикладі соцмереж президента Yкраїни)

Author(s): Ihor Parfeniuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

The purpose of the work. The specificity of political communications in Internet social networks is considered and provided recommendations to improve their effectiveness in the article. Research methodology is to apply scientific methods such as: synthesis, analysis, comparison, allowed to explore the features, challenges and opportunities of online social networks as a means of communication in politics. For the statistical analysis of the pages of social networking we used the services such as: http://likealyzer.com/,https://hitalama.com/, https://jagajam.com/, http://pr-cy.ru/social/. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article summarizes knowledge about research development of social networks, analyzes social networking page of president of Ukraine in the context of their effectiveness and degree of inﬂuence, expands opportunities to improve Internet communications using online social networks. Conclusions. Social networks have prospects to become one of the most powerful tools in communication between politicians and potential voters, which necessitates further scientific research. To improve the efficiency of communications using online social networks, politicians should focus more on promotion tools, communicate actively, keep in touch with their target audiences, create a platform for working with voters, disseminate high-quality content, and stimulate a sense of joint involvement in important affairs.

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Mediacja jako metoda rozwiązywania konfliktów międzynarodowych

Author(s): Megi Bibiluri / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The presented article is aimed at reflecting usage of mediation as a form of international conflicts settlement and at revealing its factors, at the example of the case of conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia. The article is a hypothesis on to what extend international or regional organizations act as effective mediators during mediation process. Attempt of conflict regulation and work of the mediation platform created after Russian-Georgian war are discussed. The theory discussing main variables for evaluating international mediation represented in mediation literature have been used for evaluating mediation factors. The article shows the level of mediation effectiveness in international conflicts, when it is not clear which are the conflicting sides; it shows that when there is an influential country, considering its capabilities, it has enough power to act as effective mediator, only in case if it does not have direct interest in the conflict. We have concluded that mediation can be effective only when it is clear which the conflicting sides are. It is considered that international organizations cannot be effective in conflict resolution when a conflicts in cold phase.

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‘Pursuing’ Meanings. Investigating Semantic and Pragmatic Features of some Controversial Novels

Author(s): Ana-Maria Pâcleanu / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/2014

Censorship entails control, i.e. identifying and suppressing anything that does not fit political ideology or social views. In order to maintain power and control or to avoid controversy, the meanings of words are often ‘pursued’ by censors. This phenomenon pervades many fields, including literature, both in totalitarian societies and in the democratic ones. The present paper focuses on a double pursuit of meanings: the censoring of literary works (due to their subversive-like, satirical or ‘obscene’ language) and the analysis of meanings from a linguistic point of view. Special attention will be paid to the levels of semantics and pragmatics inasmuch as these are particularly important within literary discourse that used to risk (or still risks) to be deciphered and considered sin of the cerebrum.

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