Hlasistický reformizmus a pokus Vavra Šrobára o teóriu demokracie

Author(s): Marcela Gbúrová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2017

Vavro Šrobár (1867-1950) was the protagonist of the Hlasistic movement in Slovakia and in 1919 he published the book entitled "Government of the People in a Democracy". The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of this book and all its chapters from the perspective of political science. The book originated as an attempt by the author to "instruct the Slovak people" of the brief history of the Czechoslovak State and also to instruct the civil public in the virtues and deficiencies arising from the model of democracy as the "government of the people". The result of the analysis of the model of democracy as derived by Šrobár is summarizing the advantages of this model, of which the present author has chosen six dominant signs: 1) The Government shall be under the control of the Parliament and public opinion. 2) The best form of political discourse is realism in politics. 3) In a democratic State, there are no subjects, just citizens. 4) The laws are only good when they have their legitimacy and lawfulness. 5) The State's Democratic establishment educates its citizens and teaches them how to think politically. 6) The well-functioning democratic establishment prevents social inequalities, which are the cause of revolutions.

Jelena Vasiljević, Antropologija 185 građanstva, Mediterran Publishing i Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju, Novi Sad i Beograd, 2016

Author(s): Adriana Zaharijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Slovo na úvod

Author(s): Alexander Duleba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2017

Zasada skargowości i zakaz orzekania ponad żądanie stron w procesie rzymskim

Author(s): Krzysztof Amielańczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXIII/2015

Numerous procedural principles that have been formulated in modern science were known and applied by the Romans. One of the main principles governing Roman civil and criminal processes was the principle of complaints. It had been applied in Roman procedural law since the beginning of the statehood and but it was officially formulated in the Constitution of the emperors Diocletian and Maximian of 284 AD, which stated that“Invitus agere vel nemo accusare cogitur”. The Constitution expressed the prohibition of proceeding without a civil complaint initiating the civil process (actio) or without accusatory complaint initiating a criminal process (accusatio). In the civil process the plaintiff submitting a complaint outlined the expected boundaries of legal protection, which corresponded to the jurisdiction of a court. The court could not judge the issues that were not covered by the complaint. In a criminal process the principle of complaints required a strict delimitation of the accusations so the prosecution had to clearly indicate the actions which were to be judged. The court could not go beyond the boundaries of the indictment and sentence for another offense than the one indicated in the criminal complaint (accusatio).

Totalitarizam između ideologije pokreta i fizike moći: Hannah Arendt i Michel Foucault

Author(s): Krešimir Petković,Toni Pavlović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2016

The paper compares the understanding of totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault. First, a critical reading of Arendt depicts her understanding of the characteristics of totalitarianism. Ideology is ultimately shown to be crucial for Arendt. Then Foucault’s critique of the concept of ideology is provided together with his understanding of the functioning of power. Special attention is given to Foucault’s understanding of biopower and his theorizing about Nazism, racism, and Stalinism. In the last part of the paper similarities and differences between Foucault and Arendt in the understanding of totalitarianism are drawn, and a synthetic definition of totalitarianism is offered, which can be helpful in evaluating the historical and modern political orders as totalitarian.

Prikaz

Author(s): Karolina Leaković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2016

Marjeta Šinko (ur) (2015) Žene i politika. Zagreb: Centar za ženske studije i Fakultet političkih znanosti

Recenze – Jan Eichler: Válka a mír ve 20. století

Author(s): Marek Loužek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

A book review: Jan Eichler: Válka a mír ve 20. století

Security studies and Antonio Gramsci’s Prison notebooks

Author(s): Dominik Smyrgała / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2014

The article argues that although Antonio Gramsci did not define a new field of research that we could call security studies, his views and ideas on international rela-tions presented in the Prison Notebooks focused around security issues. It may be even stated that his writings anticipated to some extent the birth of security studies after the Second World War – or even the modern theorizing on economic and cultural security.

Јован Павловић као парадигма либерализма у историји српске журналистике

Author(s): Vladimir Barović,Ljubomir Zuber / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 161/2017

This paper is focused on a celebrated Serbian journalist and liberal, Jovan Pavlović, who founded and edited, in the second half of the 19th century, the following newspapers: Pančevac, Graničar and Novi Graničar. Pavlović turned his newspapers into the most militant and the most liberal media printed in Serbian language in Austria-Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. This paper analyzes the beginnings of Serbian liberal thought and individuals who were significant for the development of liberal ideas in the 19th century. The work of Vladimir Jovanović and other liberals in Serbia has been considered, including the influence of Svetozar Marković and Serbian liberals in Austria-Hungary. The authors analyzed Pavlović’s articles in Zastava, Pančevac, Graničar, and Novi Graničar. Pavlović’s newspapers supported very liberal and militant attitudes unlike other printed media throughout the history of Serbian journalism. Pavlović was very incisive when writing in anticlerical spirit, and in many of his articles he criticized church hierarchy. The Eastern question was also extensively dealt with in his articles. In the history of Serbian journalism, Jovan Pavlović has been remembered as a great supporter of human rights, national liberation and emancipation, as well as a significant representative of liberal ideas.

Idealizmus ako integrálna súčasť liberálnej teórie medzinárodných vzťahov

Author(s): Lucia Husenicová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2017

The liberal theory of international relations is one of the three paradigms that are considered to dominate the science on international relations. However, the critique of liberalism and discussions on its nature as an IRT are constantly reappearing in academic discourse. When criticized from a realist perspective, liberalism is dubbed to lack continuity and core features, to be considered as a full-fledged theory. Although this critique is based on a relatively narrow perception of the evolution of liberalism in international relations that started no late then 1950s.The dominate discourse in international relations almost completely ignores the important and formative face of the science on IR that could be dated to the beginning of 20th Century and it is called idealism.. The main aim of this article is therefore to look at this specific period, re-read books and studies of three selected authors published mainly in Great Britain and introduce arguments explaining the important position of idealism in liberal paradigm proving that concepts analysed by late 20th Century liberal scholars could be found and were analysed already before the WWI. Depending on the scope and aim, the article uses mainly critical analysis of existing rather biased evaluation of idealist period. In drawing the connections and conclusions deductive as well as inductive reasoning are applied. If the international relations paradigm is based on well elaborated concepts and features used to explain and understand processes that are happening, then we can conclude that idealism represents an important feature of liberal paradigm. Concepts dominating the current research in liberalism such as interdependency, democratic peace, cooperation in multiple areas, institutionalization of international relations, etc. they all have appeared and were elaborated into a certain extend in the books and studies published well before, throughout, and after the WWI. Therefore the idealist period could be seen as a stepping stone of liberal international relations theory, which has now over a hundred years long continuity.

Rousseau Ve Çoğunlukçu Demokrasi Anlayişi

Author(s): Ceren Kalfa,Faruk Ataay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2015

This study analyzes the political theory of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the founders of the idea of the republic developing his theory on the concepts of social contract and popular sovereignty. He argues that the real owner of the political power is the people and claims that the origin of the state is founded by the social agreement of the people deriving to the 18th century, in the age of Enlightenment. Rousseau puts that the society should be integrated around the common interests and it should be embodied in the notion of state providing legitimacy within society. Inspiring from the Ancient Greek city states and philosophy, Rousseau’s aim is to introduce an alternative theory to the liberal political thinking of his age. Rousseau’s political theory, have aroused much interest after French Revolution. Various liberal, socialist, anarchist, nationalist and fascist currents have been influenced from Rousseau’s thinking in several ways. We claim that this interest in Rousseau’s work grow out of the motivation to find an alternative theory of democracy to liberal one. At this point we argue that the concept of majoritarian democracy that conceives citizenship on the ground of the notion of “positive freedom” that reduces general will to the will of majority is important to understand Rousseau. However this concept caused Rousseau to be stigmatized as an advocate of totalitarianism. This study analyzes the potentiality of Rousseau’s theory to be a remedy for the problems of modern democracies that call themselves pluralist societies.

Annales Okulu’nun Siyasi Tarih Disiplinine Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği

Author(s): Merve İrem Yapıcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

The efforts to scientize history starting from the 19th century focused on the events and the performers, and imposed narrative history as a “scientific” approach until 1920s. The Annales School - established in 1929 – rejected the aforementioned efforts to scientize history and accepted a problem-based analysis as opposed to an event-based approach. It emphasized the necessity of an analysis of the era and the conditions surrounding the historical actor in order to understand the actor’s practices. Therefore, it highlighted the urgency of an interdisciplinary work. Political History, which is regarded as the earliest discipline of International Relations, formerly centered upon events and characters, and was confined to practices of statesmen. Thanks to the emergence of the Annales School, it enriched both its subject matter and methodology. It was influenced by the Annales School’s holistic approach. However, the enrichment has been limited to the Western civilization and analyses of the Ottomans in Turkish Political Historiography. This resulted in limitation of Annales’ holistic understanding of history to only a certain geographical/cultural region.

Türkiye’deki Yeni Anayasadan Beklentiler: Liberalizmin Demokratikleşmesi Ya Da Demokrasinin Liberalleşmesi

Author(s): Aybars Yanik,Funda Gençoglu Onbasi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2012

This study analyses the main themes of the (new) constitution debate in Turkey by focusing on the representatives of different ideological/political dispositions in the Turkish print media. The recent debate revolving around the need for a new constitution, the deficits of the current constitution, and the expectations from the new constitution hints at the dominance of liberal perspective on the notion of democracy. Although this may not come as a surprise considering the long-lived global alliance between liberalism and democracy, it is interesting that the debate on the new constitution in Turkey is coupled with the concept of “advance democracy” and its timing parallels the deliberations on “democratisation of liberal democracy” in the world of political theory. However, while the latter refers to an endeavour to develop a critical perspective on the theory and practice of liberal democracy, based mainly upon the notions of participation, popular sovereignty and equality, in the Turkish case advance democracy comes to mean liberal (or more liberal) democracy. Such notions as ‘limited state’, ‘individual rights and liberties’, ‘rule of law’, and ‘legitimacy’, which are indeed the central themes of the liberal tradition, are recalled as the major characteristics of a democratic constitution in Turkey; and they also serve as the major criteria according to which the current constitution is criticized. But this happens without any reference to (or a sign of acknowledgement of) the history of complex relationship between liberal and democratic traditions. In other words, what we observe in the case of the debates on the new constitution in Turkey is the conflation of liberalism and democracy.

Yeni Savaşlar, Herfried Münkler

Author(s): Mehmet Öztürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2011

The review of: “New Wars” by Herfried Münkler; Translated by Zehra Aksu Yılmazer, Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2010, 228 pages, 12.76 TL

Katheon ili o gubitku povijesti: Paradoksi i aporije političke teologije Carla Schmitta

Author(s): Žarko Paić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 25/2017

Vrijeme prožimanja filozofije, politike i teologije čini se kao da je odavno minulo. U doba vladavine tehnoznanstvene tvorbe zbilje i umreženih "društava kontrole" mnogi vjeruju da pitanja o ljudskoj prirodi, zlu, strategiji osvajanja drugih teritorija, o onostranome životu i smislu povijesti ostaju iza nas poput zauvijek odigrane tragedije. Teško je i zamisliti da bi neka politika posthumanizma mogla postojati na osnovama ideje prirode i čovjeka bez mogućnosti njihove promjene u stanje stroja i neljudskoga. Fikcije o "zvjezdanim ratovima" nisu, pak, ništa drugo negoli sekularizirana distopija kozmičke budućnosti.

Politinės Filosofijos Modernizacija Kaip Žinojimo Sistemų Kaita: Teorinio Modelio Ir Gyvenamojo Pasaulio Inversijos Logika

Author(s): Mantas Radžvilas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 68/2011

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the influence of the process of modernization on the condition of contemporary political philosophy. It is an attempt to show that the relation between the empirical political reality and the theoretical model of the best possible political order is determined by historically shifting forms of discourse of the political philosophy. These forms of discourse are structured by the systems of knowledge, which can be described as sets of fundamental rules that regulate the formation of different types of statements that determine a particular form of discourse of the political philosophy.

Politinės Filosofijos Modernizacija Kaip Žinojimo Sistemų Kaita: Teorinio Modelio Ir Gyvenamojo Pasaulio In Versijos Logika

Author(s): Mantas Radžvilas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 67/2011

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the influence of the process of modernization on the condition of contemporary political philosophy. It is an attempt to show that the relation between the empirical political reality and the theoretical model of the best possible political order is determined by historically shifting forms of discourse of the political philosophy. These forms of discourse are structured by the systems of knowledge, which can be described as sets of fundamental rules that regulate the formation of different types of statements that determine a particular form of discourse of the political philosophy.

Wolność i równość jako podstawowe elementy liberalnej demokracji

Author(s): Hryhoriy Monatskyy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

In the article liberty and equality as important values in democracy are presented. Political theory advances the thesis that liberal democrats do not consider power of the people as the highest and ultimate political value. Liberals include among fundamental values various types of liberty and various kinds of equality that are connected with them, that is, liberty of speech, liberty of religion, the right to property, the right to voice one’s opinion or the right to assume public offices. It is these values that are the foundations of the ideal of the society of free and equal human beings.

The Impossible Trinity of Security, Freedom and Privacy

Author(s): Zsófia Hajnal / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2016

In Economics, the Impossible Trinity of free capital movement, an independent monetary policy and a stable foreign exchange rate is well known. There is a similar, though less explored trilemma in modern governance operating with more basic concepts: that of security, freedom and privacy. The aim of the study is to clarify this latter trilemma, as well as to offer a theoretical long-term solution. After expounding the general nature of trilemmas and the three main concepts, the impossible trinity of security, freedom and privacy is examined by taking three extreme scenarios. The scenarios are based on partially hypothetical situations in developed countries, where encryption debates or terrorist attacks took place recently.The study then turns to the solution of the situation. In order to understand the origin of the problem, it takes a step back to the dilemma of security and freedom. The fourth important concept the study operates with is transparency. The study suggests increasing transparency. A mathematical projection of the scenarios is introduced, and the suggested solution is derived in an equation as well.

Marketing polityczny w czasach big data

Author(s): Piotr Pawełczyk,Jakub Jakubowski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Academic considerations on the topic of political marketing very often boil down to discussing the political history of the 20th and 21st centuries, while failing to account for the significant changes in the range of instruments used to implement election strategies. However, the academic discussion about political marketing as an applied sub-discipline should take into account some mechanisms for accomplishing specified tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap and try to examine the influence of the tools based on big data on the broad picture of what we name marketing activities in the field of politics. We would like to present readers with our hypothesis that the profound changes in this area that were particularly noticeable in the election and referendum campaigns in 2016 may provide a premise to identify a new paradigm in the discussion on the use of marketing strategies in political communication. It would be based on the Internet combining the function of a communication channel and a source of data about voters. This information is next used for marketing purposes. It should be emphasized that this mechanism that has been used in the field of commercial activities for almost a decade, in the field of politics produces completely new and potentially dangerous consequences for citizens.