Spór o model gimnazju w XIX-wiecznej niemieckiej myśli pedagogicznej

Author(s): Jolanta Kwiatek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

While created by Wilhelm Humboldt in the beginning of the 19th century and having derived from the classical studies and thus memorizing the ideals of Ancient Greece by way of comprehending humanity, the model of gymnasium became the object of public controversy dating yet from the 1830s. Whatever necessary changes were required as for the shape of education in gymnasium, they were armed with various revolutionary statements, such as the defense of Christian dogma in the context of the pagan style of upbringing that surrounded the Greek image, the latter being even worshipped at school, and then the civilizational evolution (the necessity of matching the programs with the contemporary technical progress, and the frames of industrialization, everything, at last, that both a nation and the unified German Reich could have benefitted up from the year 1871, and that by the same token had longed for the establishment of what was called ‘national background’ while having withdrawn from the ancient patterns the then young people were to master. Despite differentiated means of interference, the classical teaching did not cease from being the authoritative one in the process of education, whereas the nine-year gymnasium remained as the most essential within the secondary school system.

Cieszyn - ośrodkiem kształcenia nauczyciela (szkic historyczny)

Author(s): Danuta Kocurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

Teacher training in Cieszyn has a long history starting from XIX up to XXI century. At first, teachers-to-be were taking pedagogical courses, later they were studying at teacher training seminars, then in The Pedagogical College. Nowadays, candidates for the teaching profession study pe3dagogy at The University of Silesia, on the Faculty of Sciences of Education - on a full-time and week-end basis.

Reformatorzy górnośląskiego szkolnictwa elementarnego - w wieku XVIII i XIX

Author(s): Wiesława Korzeniowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The Enlightment favoured the reversals of opinions on the aims of education, and the importance of government care of elementary school system. It is the essential revolution within a school organization that took place then. Inspired by new theories state rulers prepared for the changes in school systems. The changes took place in the territories subordinate to Prussia, too. They conduced to the introduction of teaching subjects in a native language, that is Polish. It was the famous pedagogues (I. von Felbiger, B. Bogedain) and school authorities of that time that contributed to those reforms. As a result, the following generations of people from Upper Silesia learned Polish in German schools. It is those generations that became the defenders of national attitudes and Polish inhabitants of the region in the second half of the 19th centur.

Rola historii i teorii sztuki jako przedmiotu w procesie edukacji artystycznej

Author(s): Aleksandra Giełdoń-Paszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The role of the theoretical subject of history of art in modern artistic education was reduced and became an element of the general humanistic knowledge being grasped during the process of studying. Lectures should play the role of stabilizing and organising this knowledge as the basis of development for the more advanced and complex considerations regarding art and its wide space of occurance at the 2nd level studies as well as the seminars. Exercises should align students’ intelectual competences, and equip them with the terminlogy of the discipline considered which they naturally are not acquainted with. Presented cogitations and proposed methods are a fruit of my longlasting experiences as the subject lecturer and some didactic experiments. Laborious intelectual work and a bit formalized way of conducting classes, that contrasts with casual atmosphere of the artistic classroom. Result with the effects that can only be acknowledged form further time perspective by the young artist. Despite some dejections and atempts radical subject reductions it is there for worth not to give up on it as it is stipulated by the Latin, maxim ars sine scientia nihil est.

Tożsamość pedagogiki - tradycja, współczesność, nowa tożsamość?

Author(s): Tadeusz Lewowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The social sense of identity presented by the individuals associated with various teaching disciplines plays significant role in teaching itself as well as in its influence on other domains of life. Among many disciplines and fields of knowledge there are some of a particular and clarified character that doesn’t require further definition however there are some of the arguable character being recalled from time to time in attempts of better definition. Pedagogics remains a discipline open to a doubt despite its identity being examined in: ancient reflections considering the nurture; kinds of humanistic thought paving the way to pedagogics’s independence; and the formation time of the academic identity and its change in 20th century. It creates the combination of reflections on nurture, knowledge and wisdom stemming, from the ages and thougt’s nest – egg.

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Urszula Szuścik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

Środowisko filologiczne wobec kształcenia humanistycznego w II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Aleksander Kwiatek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The present article takes an account of the philologist society (identified with classical philology) by way of implementing humanistic ideals during the Second Polish Republic. This particular society having gathered mainly university professors as well as high school teachers of Latin and Greek did classify the people at their ablest. The philologists became the cream of well-educated men whose authority was greatly admired, and who were well known outside the university or school spectrum. They shared remarkable chairs, those of rectors or principals of scientific circles, while deeply contributing to that scientific life model as well as its cultural counterpart to widespread the whole state. Their concept of upbringing based on maintenance and endorsement of the classical gymnasium was severely opposed by the supporters of the utilitarian school system, the latter being praised then by the majority of teachers and education activists. Thus there emerged a contradiction between the philologists (considered to be the traditionalists) and the advocates of modern, equal in style and universal school character. The nature of that argument and the differences of opinions that followed, are all embraced within this paper.

Działalność zakonna w zakresie kształcenia i wychowywania dzieci i młozieży w okresie międzywojennym i w nowej rzeczywistości kształtującej się...

Author(s): ks. Tomasz Żołna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

When the model of a citizen of independent Poland was being created after the First World War, a very important role in the process was play.ed by the Church, first of all by its monastic orders. It was an obvious consequence of the fact that during the partition years it was mainly the Church that took care of the patrotic and moral attitudes of the society. A case in point is the activity of the Sisters of Mercy of St Borromeo in the Polish province of Silesia, where the Sisters ran mainly orphanages and nursery schools. After the Second World War, new legislation introduced by the communist government made it impossible for the Church to continue educating and bringing up children according to the principles worked out in the pre-war era. When the Sisters of Mercy and other women orders tried to resume their educational or welfare activities, they met with severe restrictions and finally were completely excluded from the process of educating young people. The decline of the repressive political system in the 1980s meant that different religious orders and organisations could return to teaching, which they had had to abandon in the two decades after WW II.

Rozwój opieki przedszkolnej w Katowicach w okresie 20-lecia międzywojennego

Author(s): Joanna Lusek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

After the World War I, Katowice became a part of Poland. The new social – political situation contributed to a new structure of Educational and Teaching System included also children who were not the school – age. Due to the specific location of Katowice, in the centre of the Upper Silesian agglomeration, care and educational institutions became the subject of a wide public concern, and on the other hand they were supported by the positive attitude of the local authorities. Consequently, a great number of initiators organize kindergartens and pre – school establishments. Among them were different community organizations, denominational and educational municipalities, representative of minority communities and individuals.

Recenzja: Sztuka bycia człowiekiem. Wychowanie a poszukiwanie wartości... Red. B. Dymara, B. Cholewa-Gałuszka i E. Kochanowska. Kraków 2011.

Author(s): Maria Kocur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

“REVOLUTION OF THE RULE OF LAW”: TRANSITIONAL RULE OF LAW IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA

Author(s): Ştefan-Sebastian Maftei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

“Revolution of the Rule of Law”: Transitional Rule of Law in Post- Communist Romania. The present study seeks to theorize upon transitional justice in post-communist Romania. The phrase “transitional justice” is essentially understood as an amount of practices resulting from the contextualizing of the mechanisms of justice to a certain historical and political environment. The pressures of the political environment in post-totalitarian newly emerged democracies shape the rule of law in certain ways, differing from country to country. The political and historical environment is also being shaped by the decisions of the judiciary. In essence, transitional justice questions all the judicial practices of a certain political environment, including the very normativity of the contingent political order. Romania’s status in transitional justice is briefly discussed in the context of the larger Eastern European transition from totalitarianism to democracy. Although Romanian transitional justice can be included in the mainstream regional efforts to adjust to a new liberal rule of law, there are still some peculiarities which define Romania’s particularly difficult advancement from Communism to liberal democracy.

RHETORICS OF JUSTICE IN EMERGING DEMOCRACIES RHETORIQUES DE LA JUSTICE DANS LES DEMOCRATIES EMERGENTES

Author(s): Emilian Cioc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

The four articles composing the thematic dossier Rhetorics of Justice in Emerging Democracies represent the initial results of the joint Romanian and South African research project – Rhetoric of Justice and Deliberative Perceptions of the Rule of Law in Post-Communist Romania and Post-Apartheid South Africa1. The general aim of the project is to provide a series of comparative studies of Romanian and South African public debate regarding the rule of law and social justice in terms of its rhetorical uses. What the project designates by “justice” is not only the legal system, but particularly the manners in which notions such as fairness, reparation and equity are rhetorically reconstructed by public actors, the ways they are disseminated by the media, and the way they become objects of institutionalized politics. Public sphere is considered to be the privileged middleground because of its deliberative virtue.

LA CONDITION DYSTOPIQUE DES ESPACES URBAINS POSTCOMMUNISTES

Author(s): Ciprian Mihali / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2010

The communist regime was totalitarian also through its so-called revolutionary project of transformation and complete ownership of space. Especially of the urban space, through a gigantic effort of urban development and ‘modernization’ of a country like Romania whose population, economy and lifestyle were to a great extent rural. This modernization that wanted to be original was as equivocal as incomplete. The metaphysical and revolutionary project of communist modernization of urban spaces failed there where the capitalist modernity scored one of its most incontestable victories: in the creation of a public space and in the setting up of a clear theoretical and practical distinction between public and private. I will argue that the communist regime’s scorn both for the public space representing the citizens’ spontaneous creation and practice and for the invention of private spaces as experimental zones of new forms of subjectivity left traces in the social tissue: if the architecture did not know, did not want, or simply could not materialize the demand for public spaces, the people, in their turn, did not know, could not and above all did not want to learn the practices of living together in a city or, in other words, those of urban civility. Among other consequences, this makes the distinction public/private a tool very little useful in helping us understand the communist space, and even less useful in noticing the essence of postcommunist transformations, especially since the present dynamics of urban spaces remains less and less loyal to the conceptual tradition of modernity.

THE ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION

Author(s): Robert Arnăutu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Quantum mechanics raise many philosophical questions regardinging the status of reality. One of the newest and very important subdomain of quantum mechanics is quantum information theory. There are two questions to which a philosophical approach to quantum information has to respond: What is the referent of the concept of quantum information? and How does quantum information behaves? After a general presentation of the characteristics of quantum information as revealed by quantum information theory, I will analyze different responses to those questions, which try to establish the ontological status of quantum information. These responses are important from the philosophical point of view because they question the basic elements from which the world is constituted.

L’AU-DELÀ DU VISIBLE OU L’ABSTRACTION DANS L’ART

Author(s): Codrina Laura Ioniţă / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2010

Beyond the Visible or the Abstraction in Art. Visible seems to be fundamental in masterpiece. However phenomenological thinking often considers invisible as being essential. The masterpiece offers the viewer the opportunity to “see” the own view (E. Ecoubas), to live the “feeling of life” (M. Henry) or to “feel” the moment the phenomenon appears (H. Maldiney). Analysis on some of K. Malevitch’s writings reveals the fact that the Russian artist himself conceived art as a way of searching interiority and self-retrieval. The text of the Suprematist manifest of 1915 describes almost in the same terms as those of mystical writings the act of detaching progressively from the real world and keeping only the “sensitivity” perceived as pure living.

L’ETAT DE DROIT EN MAL DE JUSTICE

Author(s): Emilian Cioc / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2010

We propose hereafter an analysis of the way in which the postcommunism has determined the significance of justice and, in doing so, pretended to reorganize the possibility for a legitimate political community. Given that the public perception points out to a gap between the rule of law and justice, one should understand for what reasons. Does the rule of law have the resources for doing justice? Are the legal procedures enough? Or should we take into consideration the possibility that the rule of law is unable to do justice? Subsequently, we identify and discuss three radicalizations: the issue of normativity, the rogue state and the heterogeneity between law and justice. Ultimately, the possibility of justice depends on a different way of thinking democracy.

CE QUI PRECEDE LE PARDON: PERPETRATORS, AMNISTIE

Author(s): Philippe-Joseph Salazar / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2010

La Commission Vérité et Réconciliation d’Afrique du Sud est devenue exemplaire comme, à la fois, le signe d’une transition démocratique réussie sans être instrumentée par une médiation extérieure, et le révélateur de ce qui est, ou devrait être, fondamental dans la pensée pratique des droits humains: la paix avec les autres, c’est-àdire à la fois la paix civile qui permet non seulement de survivre mais aussi de vivre mieux, et la paix avec soi-même, c’est-à-dire l’assentiment intérieur donné par l’individu à sa nouvelle situation dans le monde, et comment l’individu réconcilié avec les autres et avec soi-même entreprend des gestes de figuration sociale, dont le premier est, justement, cet assentiment. L’ante (-démocratie) et le post (-apartheid) s’articulent sur une charnière: que l’abolition de la plus grande des injustices (le racisme d’État) s’est opérée par un processus inédit de «justice» non-judiciaire.

LA RECONNAISSANCE, UNE NOUVELLE PASSION DEMOCRATIQUE?

Author(s): Monique Castillo / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2010

According to Tocqueville, the democracy is characterized by the “passion for equality”, which can be in turn the enemy of freedom. But is it not the request for recognition (to be a victim, a member of a minority group, a subject of contempt, a suffering individual etc.) a new democratic passion, qualifying what we call today a “providential democracy”? The need for recognition appears to have ambivalent effects. On one side, it expresses a real need for social solidarity, giving a moral dimension to citizenship; on the other side, it weakens the democracy, by atomization, communitarianism, compassionalism and so on. This essay defends the idea that the demand for recognition, instead of being a passion for compassion, can be a vector for reciprocity on the basis of the self esteem.

“JUST PROPORTIONALITY” AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE: RHETORICS OF CRIME IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA

Author(s): Ian E. Glenn / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Though former South African President Thabo Mbeki gained international notoriety as an AIDS-denialist, in South Africa it may be that his rhetorical responses on the topic of violent crime were as important in damaging his reputation with white citizens in particular. This article argues that there is a family resemblance between Mbeki's rhetoric of AIDS-denialism and his responses to claims that violent crime was increasing and affecting the lives of most South African citizens -- Mbeki's rhetorical responses treat social phenomena, whether a pandemic or a crime wave, primarily as constructs of a particular political view or interest if not simply as moral panics. Thus Mbeki was able to treat both claims that AIDS and violent crime were major threats to South Africa as white constructs that stemmed from racial suspicions about black South Africans and black men, in particular. An anti-rhetoric of rape, in particular, linked Mbeki's suspicion of both medical and criminal discourses. This article will explore the possibility that the dominant international intellectual models about crime not only influenced then President Mbeki's suspicion of crime coverage but, by extension, helped fuel a wider suspicion of any negative reporting. Mbeki's rhetoric on crime, however, has a rather more respectable genealogy than his rhetoric of AIDS-denialism. Influential strands of media theorising about crime hold that media exaggerate the extent of crime, particularly violent crime, demonise certain racial minorities, and produce fearful citizens. This article contends that much of this theorising is conceptually limited, even incoherent, in that it cannot account significantly for questions of under-reporting crime or compare crime coverage nationally or internationally in any coherent way. It returns to Graber’s work to draw particularly on her notion of ‘just proportionality’ to argue that this provides a benchmark for comparative, non-normative judgments of coverage on crime. The article assesses some of the difficulties of applying the notion, given problems surrounding crime statistics in South Africa and elsewhere. It draws on a significant data-base of some 400000 South African media articles (print and broadcast) for 2005 and 2006 analysed by Media Tenor South Africa. The article shows that many articles about crime coverage in the USA which have been drawn on by South African President Mbeki and others are reacting to a proportion of crime coverage that exceeds the South African case by up to 1000%. The article argues that both white and black critics of media coverage of crime provide part of the context and truth of the shortcomings of crime coverage in South Africa.

Bazalino razumijevanje SNOVA - Sanje su poradi svojih osebina najzanimljivija duševna stanja, a po uzrocima svoga postanja i najzagonetnija.

Author(s): Ivana Skuhala Karasman / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 23/2012

Albert Bazala offers his understanding of dreams in his book “Psychology in Croatian Artistic Poetry” (Psihologija u hrvatskom umjetnom pjesništvu) published in Zagreb in 1901. His starting point are examples taken from various poems by eight Croatian poets: M. Bogović, F. Marković, L. Botić, Gj. Arnold, P. Preradović, D. Demeter, A. Tresić-Pavičić and S. S. Kranjčević. Bazala first deals with the causes of dreams, then with the properties of dreams and finally he explains the connection between dreams and imagination. In his approach to dreams Bazala is influenced by the legacy of the philosophical school of J. F. Herbart, especially by Gj. Arnold and his high-school textbook Psychology for High-schools (Psihologija za srednje škole).