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The paper constitutes a presentation of diagnosis and therapy in a child after a intrauterine spina bifida surgery with recognized hydrocephalus. The author discusses the character of the disorder, pathomechanism and its results on the development of the child. The therapeutic techniques are presented and analyzed which aim at improving breathing, phonation and voice production as well as at stimulating both cerebral hemispheres. The author presents the results of the therapy and the case study highlights the accuracy of chosen methods.
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The subject matter of the study is the presentation of questions which are connected with the notion of the phoneme. The authoress intention was to approach the reader not only with the meaning of this notion but to show how differently it can be understood and what role it plays regarding the usage of a language. The effect of presented considerations is the presentation of own capture of a phoneme with the help of chosen principles of cognitive linguistics, particularly the theory of prototypes.
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This article says about problems with diagnosis of delayed speech end language development and delayed because of oligophrenia. Speech and language therapists have a lots of doubts with analysis of language announces and causes of speech and language delayed and impairment. There are many causes of delayed speech and language development. Observation and document analysis are very important during differencing diagnosis of speech disorders in children. Educating children with speech and language delay needs intervention speech and language therapists and psychological diagnosis. Speech and language are improving when a child is intelligent. Children often have problem with learning language speaking when the mental development is less than normal, there is any progress. It is necessary to analysis and to observe children’s communications behaviour and cause of speech disorders. The examination is very important to diagnose and to create the program of speech and language therapy.
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Authors of the article undertook the subject of discussion dealing with complex problems of the speach disorders occurrence at older people. Changes taking place regarding speech of older people relate mostly to people at very advanced age and they usually have influence on the efficiency of communicating with the society. Linguistic disorders are connected with the physiological process of aging of the organism and they can come into being on the basis of various types of diseases, in the result of which it comes to the damage of cerebral structures. These diseases can have vascular or neuro-degenerative basis.
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The article tackles the problem of a varied diagnosis and in particular, describes the new positive attitude in it. All methodologist and theorists of speech therapy were pinpointing pathology as the main interest of speech therapy. The change of the attitude for the positive approach proves beneficial for artistic and educational speech therapy. The positive approach pays attention to prevention, which shapes appropriate habits and language skills.
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The article presents the results of studies conducted in a group of 36 children aged 6–15 years, diagnosed with dysarthria in the infantile cerebral palsy. The experimental group was divided into two equinumerous subgroups: 1) intellectually normal children, 2) mentally retarded children. The main diagnostic technique used in investigations was the "Dysarthria Scale. Children’s version". The presented experiments concern one of the problems examined as part of the project “Segmental and Suprasegmental Specificity of the Phonic Sequence and the Intelligibility of Utterances in Dysarthria Cases in Infantile Cerebral Palsy”. The study financed from science-targeted funds in 2010–2012 as a research project.
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Authors of the article undertook an important subject of the correlation of conditions of Down syndrom (its genetic syndrome) with the latest reports from medical world literature. Fragments relating to relationships between Down syndrom and dementative syndroms deserve special attention (particularly at adults and older people) as well as the indication of exact dependences between genetic syndrome and dementia diseases.
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Listening to sermons is getting more and more difficult for a contemporary man. This may be due to the growing discrepancy between language used and understood by listeners and the language of preachers. The language of sermons and homilies is the literary one in its normative-anddidactic form. The official teaching of the Church shows that a considerable importance is attributed to the verbal sphere of preaching. The language of preaching should be correct, esthetic and contemporary. Also, it should be adequate, which is congruent with the reality it describes. In the preaching of the Word of God the content is the most important. The form of the utterance should serve the content.
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The aim of this two-wave study was to examine the mediating role of adolescent appraisals of family security in the relation between family instability and adolescent self-esteem in a sample of 377 adolescents and their mothers. Mothers' reports of family instability at Time 1 were significantly and positively associated with adolescent appraisals of family insecurity at Time 1 and Time 2. Adolescent self-esteem at Time 2 was significantly and negatively related to family instability at T1 and family insecurity at Time 1 and Time 2. Findings from structural equation models supported the hypothesis that family instability undermines adolescents' self-esteem one year later by directly threatening adolescents' appraisals of family as a safe and secure system. The results indicated that adolescent appraisals fully mediated the relation between family instability and adolescent self-esteem. The implications of the findings for adolescent development in a secure and stable family environment are discussed and suggestions for further process-oriented research on the relation between family instability and adolescent development are stated.
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The aim of the study was to examine how perceived spouse's affectionate and antagonistic behaviours contribute to one's marital satisfaction. Firstly, we explored whether perception of partner's affectionate and antagonistic behaviours vary with gender, age, length of marriage and family structure. Secondly, we examined the relation between perceived partner's behaviour and marital satisfaction, while controlling for contextual variables. Questionnaire assessing love, marital satisfaction, perceived partners' affectionate and antagonistic behaviours and demographic data was administered to a heterogeneous sample of 302 married couples from Croatia with the average marriage length of 18 years and age span of 20–82 years. Results indicate that perceived spouse's affectionate and antagonistic behaviours both contribute to marital satisfaction with the impact of antagonistic behaviours being buffered when it appears in affectionate relationship. These effects are not moderated by age, gender, marriage duration or family structure. Finally, the perception of partner's affectionate and antagonistic behaviours had significant incremental power over feelings of love and other contextual variables when predicting marital satisfaction.
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The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale SRP-III with expectation for four factors (Callous Affect, Erratic Lifestyle, Antisocial Behaviour and Interpersonal Manipulation) and to verify if it is possible to predict results on the "psychopathy" factor of SRP-III based on the results of dimensions of the Five Factor Model (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Emotional Stability and Intellect). The sample comprised 190 psychology students from Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb (173 females and 17 males) with an average age of 21. For the purpose of this research, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale SRP-III was used for the first time. Research results confirmed the factor structure of the original instrument and satisfactory reliability of four dimensions (Callous Affect, Erratic Lifestyle, Antisocial Behaviour and Impulsiveness and Manipulation). Also, the results showed that IPIP 50 Inventory can predict 49.5% of the variance for the psychopathy dimension of SRP-III. The most significant predictors were low agreeableness and conscientiousness, as it was theoretically expected, and extraversion, which has an undefined relationship to psychopathy, and intellect.
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The aim of the study was to develop an instrument for measuring the Parental Behaviors in the Context of Adolescent Disclosure (PBAD) and to examine its dimensionality, internal consistency, predictive and construct validity. The scale has been developed on the basis of a qualitative study of adolescents' views (Tokić & Pećnik, 2011) and consists of 2 subscales: the PBAD-A (antecedents of disclosure) and PBAD-R (reactions to previous disclosures). It was implemented with 1074 adolescents (13-year-olds) from 50 schools in Croatia (probabilistic cluster sample). Adolescents also reported on disclosure about daily activities, feelings and concerns. Youth gave estimations for mothers and fathers separately. Latent structures of the PBAD-A and PBAD-R were interpretable and reasonably congruent for mothers and fathers. Factor analyses of the PBAD-A revealed three factors: Initiating conversation, Intrusiveness and Unavailability. Factor analyses of the PBAD-R yielded three factors: Support and respectful guidance, A let- -down and Punishment. Internal consistency for all factors was acceptable (0.75 – 0.92). All except one of the extracted factors of the PBAD correlated with actual disclosure to mothers and fathers about daily activities, feelings and concerns significantly and in the predicted direction, which supports the predictive and construct validity of the instrument.
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The aim of this study was to investigate some assumptions related to Gottman's model of parental meta-emotions on a sample of preschool children's parents. The study included 506 parents. The questionnaires about parental meta-emotions, dimensions of temperament and children's internalising and externalising problems were completed by mothers and fathers separately. Mothers' and fathers' awareness of their own and of their children's emotions and coaching child emotions were indirectly related to child externalising and internalising problems through child negative affectivity and effortful control, and awareness was also directly related to the child's externalising and internalising problems. The results of the models showed that mothers' and fathers' awareness and coaching were positively related to effortful control and negatively related to negative affectivity, whereas only mothers' and fathers' awareness were negatively related to externalising and internalising problems. Simultaneously, negative affectivity was positively related to the child's externalising and internalising problems and effortful control was negatively related to the child's externalising and internalising problems. With this study, we have confirmed part of the investigated assumptions from Gottman's model that relate to the influence of parental meta-emotion on child outcomes.
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U pismu Fliessu Freud (1898) piše o metapsihologiji ukazujući na vlastito stremljenje da izgradi psihologiju koja će, za razliku od dotadašnjih klasičnih psihologija svijesti, voditi “s onu stranu svijesti”. U svojim ranim pisanim djelima metapsihologiju definira naučnim nastojanjem da se prodre u metafizičke konstrukcije, te navodi: “ ...veliki dio mitološkog shvatanja svijeta, što seže sve do najmodernijih religija, nije ništa drugo do u vanjski svijet projicirana psihologija. Mutna spoznaja (takoreći endopsihičko opažanje) psihičkih činilaca i odnosa nesvjesnog odražava se (...) u konstrukciji jedne nadosjetilne stvarnosti koju naukom treba pretvoriti u psihologiju nesvjesnog. Mogli bismo se drznuti da (...) metafiziku preobratimo u metapsihologiju”. (Freud, 1901).
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In the postcold-war period, the transition to democracy is occurring dramatically in many countries. The important question now being debated is what length of time this transition should take. If the transition begins violently, as it has in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it puts an additional impediment in the process. The nature of that impediment will need to be understood and overcome by the governed-the people, and the governors-the leaders selected through elections. An experiment in obedience to authority and studies on conformity to peer pressure conducted in the United States demonstrates that situational pressures can dramatically influence human behavior-an observation that may have relevance to Bosnia today. The experiences of obedience to authority during conflict periods are also relevant to decisions taken to achieve solutions to today's crisis. The challenge to Bosnia's citizens is how to judge the degree to which obedience is the choice their society should make or whether other options exist. The challenge to Bosnia's leaders is how to evolve non-coercive methods to engage the population in governance.
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An essay about the development of Freud’s ideas concerning personality.
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