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Rola inteligencji emocjonalnej w funkcjonowaniu bliskich relacji interpersonalnych

Author(s): Wojciech Oronowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article reviews current scientific research concerning the role of emotional intelligence in the functioning of close relationship. Due to the fact that emotionality was treated as irrational for the majority of human history, the explanation of connection between emotions and close relationship came only after the coming of objectivism into psychology. Nowadays, there are many scientific publications confirming this correlation, e.g. it has been proved that people with lower emotional intelligence show lower contentment from their relationship. The cited research allows to conclude that individuals with higher emotional intelligence function better in close relationships.Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań związanych z rolą inteligencji emocjonalnej w funkcjonowaniu bliskich związków. Ze względu na to, że sfera uczuć była początkowo traktowana jako irracjonalna, wyjaśnienie charakteru relacji emocji i funkcjonowania bliskich związków musiało poczekać na nadejście podejścia obiektywnego w psychologii. O związku inteligencji emocjonalnej z jakością bliskich związków świadczy wiele badań, m.in. wykazano, że osoby charakteryzujące się niską inteligencją emocjonalną tworzące bliskie związki cechują się mniejszą satysfakcją ze swojego związku. Przytoczone przeze mnie badania umożliwiają sformułowanie wniosku, że osoby o wyższej inteligencji emocjonalnej lepiej radzą sobie w bliskich relacjach interpersonalnych.

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Porfirijas Ir XII A. Scholastinė Psichologija

Author(s): Juozas Žilionis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 61/2009

The article analyzes the influence of Porphyry on the 12th century scholastic psychology. The treatises Isagoge and Commentaries on Aristotle’s Ctegories by Porphyry gave foundations not only for medieval logic but also for psychology. Medieval thinkers, while commenting Porphyry’s treatises, paid special attention to those meanings and significances of terms which were used as predicates in the discussion on the universals. This discussion encompassed the relation between thinking and being, hierarchical structure of the world, functions of spiritual powers and led towards the discovery of introspection. The psychological introspection stimulated the development of personal self-awareness and the interest in the research of human nature. It also shaped new axiological attitudes towards God and neighbors. Medieval scholastic psychology paid much attention to the soul-body relation and to the transcendence, which it interpreted by metaphysical concepts.

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Aristotelova psihologijska koncepcija značenja: παθήματα kao ὁμοιώματα

Author(s): Igor Martinjak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/151/2018

In this paper, I investigate Aristotle’s psychological conception of meaning. I will show that in Aristotle’s De interpretatione we can find a conception of meaning that enables a response to typical objections such psychological accounts are facing with. According to my interpretation, it is required that thoughts are significata of our terms rather than mental images. Mental images could occur as subjective features of a particular mind in particular portion of time, whereas thoughts as an isomorphic likeness of the universal and necessary aspect of extramental reality provide ground for intersubjectivity required for an adequate account of meaning. In my interpretation, however reference is not fixed via likening relation because a mental content of nonreferring terms is also provided via likening relation between thought and two or many extramental things.

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AİLE TERAPİSİ MODELİNDE SATİR’İN KULLANDIĞI KAVRAMLAR VE TEKNİKLER-I

Author(s): Neşide Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2019

Virginia Satir (1916-1988) was one of the pioneers in developing her own approach to working with families and emphasizing the importance of communication patterns in family therapy. According to her, problematic people form a personality type by moving away from their real identity in the family and taking on different communication patterns such as “accusing”, “calming”, “distracting attention” and “calculating”. Satir firstly created the “Family Sculpture and updated the problem of the family and then focused on the change. She brought the man and woman (parents) to face the landscape and updated the events. Thus, the events in the family were identified, photographs were taken, put in front of individuals, social problems (illnesses) were identified and the family faced with its problems. Then, she focused on change and helped to maintain the family balance. She conceptualized the “Family Map”, “Family Chronology” and “Family Sculpture” for the diagnosis of the problem. She conceptualized what is happening as “Updating”. Then she used the concepts of “Communication Games”, “Talk and Look” and “Touch” for change.

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PSYCHOLOGY OF BUDDHISM AND HEALING METHOD OF JAPANESE SELF-REFLECTION

Author(s): Indunil Philip Shantha / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Buddhist psychology and Japanese Naikan therapy have deep historical connections. However, there has been a lack of research in religions studies comparing Naikan with its original Buddhist background. Therefore, this paper explores the relationship between Buddhist psychology and Naikan therapy. Naikan is a kind of contemplative therapeutic practice that was developed by a Japanese Buddhist practitioner named Ishin Yoshimoto. He applied it to clinical psychology as a mental treatment method, and it can be practiced by anyone without any religious beliefs or background. The word Naikan is originally derived from the term vipassanā (looking inside) meditation, which comes from Buddhism, which was taught by Buddha. In Japanese psychology, Naikan therapy focuses on prompting deep thinking about one’s past experiences through interpersonal relationships. Introspection has been developed as a treatment method by clinical psychologists for various mental illnesses in the field of Japanese psychotherapy.

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Momenty setkání a další koncepty Daniela Sterna a bostonské skupiny procesu změny

Author(s): Jakub Kuchař / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2014

American psychoanalyst Daniel Stern and the other members of the Boston Change Process Study Group are in its work interested in hardly conceptualizable components of psychotherapy, such as authentic moments of meetings between psychotherapist and client. They use researches on mother-infant relationship and attempt to explicitly describe the relationship dynamics leading to authentic moments of meeting between psychotherapist and client. At the same time, they try to connect these pieces of knowledge with dynamic systems theory, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and related disciplines. In this paper I introduce some basic psychotherapeutic concepts and ideas used by these theorists, such as moving together, moments here and now, moments of meeting, open space, implicit relational knowledge and last but not least intersubjectivity which is very popular term in contemporary psychoanalysis.

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Docentė Marija Garbačiauskienė – viena iškiliausių Lietuvos raidos psichologijos mokslininkių

Author(s): Daiva Grakauskaitė-Karkockienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2019

2019 m. birželio 28 d. atsisveikinome su doc. dr. Marija Garbačiauskiene, visą savo gyvenimą dirbusia Vilniaus pedagoginiame institute (vėliau Vilniaus pedagoginiame universitete), išleidusia ne vieną pedagogų kartą, vadovavusia moksliniams darbams, iki pat savo gyvenimo pabaigos mąsčiusia ir rašiusia apie Raidos psichologijos didžiuosius kūrėjus, pasižymėjusia ne tik aštriu mokslininkės protu, bet ir šiluma bei rūpesčiu apgaubusia visus, su kuriais bendravo.

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ORIGINILE ŞI EVOLUŢIA FORMELOR DE PSIHOTERAPIE

Author(s): Liliana ENACHESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

Psychotherapy, a branch of psychology, has its cultural origins in the empirical practices of the mystico-magical nature of shamanism. It is based on the mechanism of suggestive induction, transfer and catharsis. Later the therapy of spiritual suffering/soul torment, labelled as demoniac possession, is taken over by the Church under the form of exorcism. The third stage of the psychotherapy history is given by its “medicalization” through the methods of hypnosis, suggestion therapy and, finally, of psychotherapy. In this process, one can observe a historic continuity –in various forms –of the ideas about man and suffering, as well as a continutyof the psychotherapy methods/ techniques.

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FREUDOVA FILOZOFIJA PSIHOANALIZE

Author(s): Elvira Čekić,Šefket Krcić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

From their psychological and philosophical aspects in this paper, the authors aim to mark the 80th anniversary of the death of the prominent thinker and researcher Sigmund Freud (Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939, London), a Viennese and global psychoanalysts, neuropsychiatrist, along with modifications by his associates and students. The discussion of this paper provides insight into the concepts of unconscious motivation, conflict and symbolism, which represent a subject of analysis of numerous theses and hypotheses Freud had during the treatment of patients, primarily neurotics. Furthermore, this paper studies Freud's analyses which indicate that nothing in a psychical life is accidental, and particularly such occurrence and phenomena which cannot be explained other than by facts inherent in the clear and sensible consciousness that go beyond the knowledge of the unconscious psyche. In this context, the authors came to the conclusion that the conscious activity in Freud's opinion occupies a smaller part of the psychic apparatus, and on the other hand, the greater part consists of unconscious impulses, tendencies that essentially control the awareness and behavioral impulses of human beings. Consequently, Freud's psychoanalysis, as a theory, represents a work of a prominent genius, a radical milestone in psychology. In that regard, Freud's research in the field of psychoanalysis is a contribution to futurology, i.e. a discipline that deals with scientific research of treating complex mental illness in the future.

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Umjetničko stvaranje: od Kantova genija do suvremenih kognitivnih znanosti i umjetničkih praksi

Author(s): Iris Vidmar Jovanović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/156/2019

Kant’s claim that a genius does not know where his ideas come from and that he cannot explain his creative process has left a permanent impact on our notions of art and artistic creation. Kant claimed that artistic creation is a unique act grounded in the nature’s gift to the artist – his geniality – found only in domain of fine art, not in the sciences. Although such a view has been discarded, many of Kant’s postulates regarding artistic creation have been confirmed by contemporary developments within cognitive sciences and artistic practices. In this paper I analyze Kant’s theory of fine art and artistic creation from the perspective of recent research regarding creativity and talent, showing along the way the richness and explanatory power of Kant’s theory, primarily for the way we think about artistic creation, reception and artistic practices.

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Lov na degenerike: psihijatrija i normalizacija hrvatskog građanskog društva na primjeru slučaja Miloša Krpana

Author(s): Mislava Bertoša,Tvrtko Vuković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 20/2020

Focusing on the psychiatric case of Miloš Krpan, one of our first socialists and anarchists who was twice admitted to the Royal Institute for Mentally Insane in Stenjevec at the end of the 19th century, the paper aims to show how, by participating in the construction of Croatian civil society, psychiatry develops medical knowledge but also normalizes power. Psychiatry pacifies the resistance against the system by dislocating it to the Institute where it is further examined, processed, mastered and disciplined. At the same time, it acquires scientific legitimacy and gains social status by producing a category of the abnormal and by developing techniques to repress it. Thus, it assumes responsibility for social morale, security and purity, and by associating itself with judicial practice it becomes one of the main legal authorities. In other words, apart from seeking to cure insanity, psychiatry emerges as an apparatus of social discipline and establishes modern forms of normalizing power in the young bourgeois capitalist society of the second half of the 19th century.

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Ka feminističkoj jurisprudenciji

Author(s): Zorica Mršević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11-12/2000

In this text authoress considers if deconstruction can be experienced or is it an experience itself, and that this possibility would have to deconstruct some essential notion we have of what experience itself is. Through the reading of Freud’s essay "The Uncanny" the authoress considers his argument concerning the uncanny experience of fiction, which Freud persists in wanting to distinguish from real experience. She shows that this reading of fiction is the very place where his "deconstruction" of experience, which he calls the uncanny, confirms and accepts a limit that later deconstructive thought will not leave intact. It will be the deconstruction on the limits of real experience.

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Does history of Polish psychology exist? Multiple facets of the history of psychology

Author(s): Włodzisław Zeidler / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2021

The reason for the question in the title is that during the First World War, Poland was not an independent country. So there was no official Polish psychology contribution in the war effort. Nevertheless, psychology could develop at two universities (in Cracow and Lviv) as an academic discipline. On the other hand, in the areas under Russian jurisdiction the development of psychology started as a practical discipline (organisation of psychologists – Polish Psychological Society, care for children with special needs – Szyc, Grzegorzewska). In the areas that would soon become Polish again, as early as at the beginning of the 20th century, psychology was being developed in Polish language and it served exclusively peaceful purposes (education, manufacturing) for the future independent state. That means, that as opposed to other “European psychologies” before and after the First World War, Polish psychology did exist and was developed strictly for peaceful purposes.

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Religia jako radykalne dążenie do sensu w logoterapii Viktora E. Frankla

Author(s): Karol Michalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Today the question of meaning is not only one of the greatest themes in philosophy, but also in modern literature and art as well as in psychology. Viktor E. Frankl has founded a therapeutic direction called logotherapy within the framework of meaning oriented psychotherapy. The question of the meaning of existence in logotherapy includes the question of God. According to Frankl, God is one way to make life meaningful. Man is ultimately responsible for the meaning of his life before God. In the spiritual unconsciousness of man there is a hidden possibility to develop a relation with God. Frankl calls it „the unconscious God”. People who are going through a life crisis have a better chance of surviving if they believe in God. Frankl says that not only psychiatrists, but every doctor is obliged to assist patients with spiritual help.

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TOTEM I TABU IZMEĐU PSIHOANALIZE I ANTROPOLOGIJE

Author(s): Lea Vučić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

The subject of this paper is the study of Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo, as a place of interdisciplinary discussion of the concepts which shaped the historical development of anthropology and psychoanalysis. After explaining the psychoanalytically informed concept of cultural origins, the paper will discuss the most significant anthropological criticism addressed at Freud. At the time of publication of the study, the existence of totemism had already been called into question, and the deconstruction of the totemism was completely formulated by Lévi-Strauss. The paper deals with Alfred Kroeber’s critiques, and then considers Malinowski’s first critique of the universality of the Oedipus complex, based on his research of the matrilineal society of the Trobriand. Freud applied psychoanalytic findings to social phenomena for the first time in this study of totemism. The purpose of this paper is to present the early disagreements between anthropology and psychoanalysis, as well as possible implicit readings of Freud’s work.

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Mechanismus vášní v „économie animale“. K otázce vášní duše v osvícenské medicíně

Author(s): Daniela Tinková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2014

The aim of this study is to show how the emotions — in particular the so-called “passions of the soul” — were understood and interpreted in the medical thinking of the late Enlightenment. We focus chiefly on three innovations in 18th century medicine: the “discovery” of the neuro-cerebral system (the ’birth’ of neurology); the search for the “seat” of illnesses in particular organs (the “birth” of pathological anatomy); and the gradual separation of the body and the soul as objects of medical enquiry (the “birth of psychiatry). We consider whether, and to what extent, these innovations contributed to the breakdown of the “old” diagnostic paradigms of the “passions of the soul”, or whether in fact they helped to maintain them. We also discuss to what extent the consideration of these passions fostered a new approach to the relationship between the body and the soul in Enlightenment medicine. Some of the phenomena studied are illustrated by specific examples of (erotic) love and melancholy.

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„Vášně duše“ a dešifrování raně novověkých emocí

Author(s): Tomáš Malý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2014

In this essay, which combines an analysis of the early modern art, art theory and religious literature I attempt to imply chances and limits of understanding emotions of the people living in the 17th and 18th centuries. I concentrate myself on the images presenting the souls in purgatory and hell and using the example of pain experience I follow cultural models, variety and range of representations as well as relation between body and soul. I am also interested in connection between the word and pictorial definition of emotions on the one side and their using in concrete pieces of art on the other.

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Дидактични проблеми в психологическата теория и практика: възгледите на Андрей Брушлински

Author(s): Mariyana Nyagolova,Nikolina Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article investigates the possibilities of applying the ideas of the great Russian psychologist Andrey Vladimirovich Brushlinsky (1933-2002) about the problem-based approach, presented for the first time in his book “The Psychology of Thinking and Problematics in Education” (1983). Based on a historiographical review of the state of the matter, the authors conclude that these ideas are still relevant today. It is shown how they are discussed and used by modern scientists studying the problem in education

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Проекциите на картезианския рационализъм в психологическите теории на Андрей Брушлински и Димитър Василев (по случай 90 години от рождението им)

Author(s): Mariyana Nyagolova,Nikolina Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article examines the possibilities of continuity and original views regarding the method of R. Descartes' rationalism and its application in the psychology of the 20th century, by two representatives of the Moscow Scientific School of S. L. Rubinstein - the Russian psychologist Andrey Vladimirovich Brushlinski (1933-2002) and the Bulgarian psychologist Dimitar Dimitrov Vassilev (1933-2010). It is concluded that both emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of Cartesianism in psychology, but consider that the method of rationalism is extremely important for its development.

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GEORGE KELLY AND HIS PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY. CONSTRUCTIVE ALTERNATIVISM AND THE NATURE OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS

Author(s): Camelia Ioana Ienciu (Popa) / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

This paper, based upon a precise analysis of cognitive theories, and especially on Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory, explores meaningful aspects related to personality. His two-volume magnum entitled The Psychology of Personal Constructs appeared in 1955, and consists of a distinguished collection of tightly packed ideas about an innovative theory of personality and its usage in a clinical setting. The first volume, A Theory of Personality, comprises three major chapters. The first chapter is entitled Constructive Alternativism. The term is considered the central philosophical assumption which supports Personal Construct Theory. However, not only Kelly’s theory, but all psychologists’ theories represent just another interpretation of the universe. Chapter Three is entitled The Nature of Personal Constructs and it draws the readers’ attention to a vivid elaboration of the theory, whose intention is to bring everything to life. George Alexander Kelly unquestionably belongs to the category of giants within the area of psychology, but, even so, he has not received the attention he deserves.

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