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Başarı, göreceli bir kavramdır. Ancak genel anlamda ele alacak olursak her- kesin kendince belirlediği bir baş, son bir nokta vardır ve oraya varınca kendisini başa ermiş/başarmış sayar.
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The goal of our study was exploration of the factor structure of the MFQ-FF inventory on a sample from Serbian population, and the relations of measures from this inventory (friendship functions) with personality traits, as operationalized by the seven factor model proposed by Tellegen and Waller. For this purpose 154 University of Nis students completed the Serbian version of the MFQ-FF inventory and Lexi-70. The results show that factor structures of certain MFQ-FF scales deviate somewhat from theoretical expectations. Confirmatory factor analysis produced relatively poor levels of fit, while exploratory factor analysis showed that loadings of five items differ substantially from theoretical expectations. As for correlations with personality traits, evaluative dimensions and negative emotionality were found to correlate with the MFQ-FF general factor, and correlations of specific functions with Openness to experience, Positive emotionality and Consciousness were also found. All obtained correlations were low.
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This study examines contribution of emotional competence on socially competent behavior of preadolescents. The following emotional competencies were registered in 397 children: emotion recognition, emotional regulation, empathy and style of coping with aversive emotions. Discriminant analysis was conducted in order to identify emotional competencies that differentiate among the groups of participants with different levels of social preference. The data showed that groups of popular children, rejected children, and children of average sociometric status significantly differ with respect to their emotional competence. Children rejected by their peers displayed the lowest level of emotional competence.
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Geçmişte kurum bakımından yararlanmış bireylerin hizmet aldıkları sırada şiddet görme durumlarının irdelendiği bu çalışmada, ayrıca şiddetin, bireylerin kuruma yaklaşımlarını etkileme durumları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada kurum bakımını mesleki motivasyon ile yapan çalışanların, kurum bakımı alan çocuklara yönelik yaklaşımları, kurum bakım hizmeti alanların kurum bakımına alınma nedenleri, kurum bakım hizmeti alanların hizmeti alırken rahatsız oldukları durumlar ile şiddet eyleminin akranlar tarafından mı, çalışanlar tarafından mı geldiğinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca, kurum hizmeti alanların şiddete maruz kalması ile kurumdan kaçmaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığı sorgulanmıştır. Tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmişlerdir. Araştırmanın evrenini, kurum bakım hizmeti almış ve 18 yaşını tamamladığı için kurum hizmetinden ayrılmış olan Bingöl-Yetiştirme Yurdundan Ayrılanlar Derneği üyeleri oluşturmaktadır. Üyelerin tamamına ulaşıldığından ‘tam doyum’ örnekleme kullanılmıştır.In this study, the effect of violence into the approach of the individuals to the institutions is discussed as well as examining the individuals exposed to violence during their institutional care service. It is aimed, in the study, to determine some issues such as what kind of approach the staffs who give institutional service with occupational motivation show to the children who get institutional care service, the reasons why these children are accepted to the institutional care, the circumstances that disturb these children during their care service, and if the violence is caused by their peers or the staffs. It is also examined in the study if there is a significant correlation between to be exposed to violence of the children who get institutional care service and their escape from the institutions. The data obtained through scanning method of measurement were analysed by descriptive analysis. The population and sample of the research consist of the members of the Association of the Ones Who Left from Bingöl Orphanage who got institutional care service and had to leave because they reached lawful age.
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This study examined the latent structure of interpersonal evaluation space from both dimensional and typological points of view, considering typological approach to be a complement of the dimensional. The Interpersonal Evaluation Questionnaire (containing 72 items, with 5-degree Likert scales, measuring the desirability of behaviour and personal characteristics of other people) was administered to the sample of 398 respondents of both sexes, aged 15 - 61. According to the Scree criterion, 8 principal components were extracted, which were interpreted as communicativeness, good manners, aggressiveness, self - love, leadership, kindness, reserve and intrusiveness. Second-order analysis singled out two factors, the first one representing the evaluation of the characteristics usually perceived as positive in social interaction, and the second one representing the evaluation of characteristics which make communication between equals difficult. Although the dimensions of interpersonal evaluation do not fit the circumplex structure, their content is similar to the content of Wiggins' dimensions. Using Ward's method of hierarchical cluster analysis, assuming that the evaluation of others reflects both basic personality structure and the characteristic pattern of personality processes, three prototypical personality organizations were identified: the group oriented towards power, the group oriented towards affiliation and the hostile group. The differences between the results of this study and the results obtained by self - estimation were determined by the evaluative nature of the process of estimating others.
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In April 2018, the servers of the popular video game “Fortnite” crashed for 24 hr. During this period, Pornhub (a popular pornographic website) analyzed trends in pornography access, finding that: (a) the percentage of gamers accessing Pornhub increased by 10% and (b) the searches of pornographic videos using the key term “Fortnite” increased by 60%. In this letter, we discuss these observations in the context of ongoing debate regarding the validity of “withdrawal” when applied to problematic involvement in video gaming and the potential use of pornography as a “compensation behavior” during the periods of “forced abstinence” from gaming.
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The paper presents the study of Ethnical distance with the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study was made using Bogardus' scale of social distance, on 1000 interviewees of the Federation of BiH and 850 interviewees of Republika Srpska. The citizens of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina reject the Romas the most, followed by the Albanians and Macedonians. This is followed by the Serbs and Montenegrians, while Slovenians and Croats are the least rejected. Prejudices of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Romas, Albanians, and Macedonians are much more important for the rejection or accepting of offered relations, than it was the case with open hostility and war conflicts with the Serbs, Montenegrians, and Croats. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina a distinction is made in the degree of ethnical distance of Bosniaks and Croats to the nations who lived in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Offered relations are more rejected by the Croats than by the Bosniaks. The citizens of Republika Srpska accept the Muslims (Bosniaks) and Romas the least. This is followed by the Croats, Slovenians, and Macedonians, and the Montenegrians are rejected the least. The citizens of Republika Srpska refuse that they or the members of their family marry a member of another nation. Thus they object any possibility for the members of other nations to be found on managing position, or any situation where they themselves would be in a subordinate position in society in relation to the members of other nationalities.
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The results of a study on the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion from facial expressions are reported. The so far research into the field has shown that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions are a reliable source of information about the category of emotion. The question is raised of whether this can be true for the intensity of emotion as well and whether the accuracy of intensity ratings is dependent on the observer’s sex and vocational orientation. A total of 228 observers of both sexes and of various vocational orientations rated the emotional intensity of presented facial expressions on a scale-range from 0 to 8. The results have supported the hypothesis that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions do provide sufficient information about emotional intensity. The hypothesis on the interdependence between the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion and the observer’s sex and vocational orientation has not been confirmed. However, the accuracy of intensity rating has been proved to vary with the category of the emotion presented.
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The main purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the degree of acquaintance and assessment of other persons’ personality traits and attribution of their behaviour. The second aim was to examine relation between personality traits of observers and their perception of actor’s personality traits and attribution of actor’s behaviour. The study was conducted on a sample of 76 subjects divided into two groups, on the basis of degree of acquaintance with actors. First group estimated a close person, a best friend. Second group estimated a person they are not acquainted with. This person was described in an invented interview. In the first part of the research, all subjects completed The Big Five Inventory (John, 1991). In the second part of the research, subjects estimated personality traits of actors (using BFI) and attributed actor’s behaviour using The Attributional Style Questionnaire (Peterson et al., 1982). The results suggest that there are at least two types of bias in estimation of other people. One type is in relation with acquaintance. Observers estimate close persons more positively than persons they don’t know. Second type of bias is in relation to personality traits of observers. These personality traits are Consciousness, Extraversion and Openness.
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According to the theory of emotional attachment, specific emotional relationships are being established at an early age between a child and its parents. On the basis of the quality of these relationships the child creates the so-called internal working model ie the image of itself as well as others. The working model persists throughout one's lifetime, shaping in part the quality of adult relationships. Thus, a dominant adult relationship is a close, partner or love one. Within the indicated theoretical context, we were interested in finding out whether there is a statistically significant link between the emotional ties of parents and their children formed in early childhood. The investigation included 180 grown-ups of the same sex and age. The results show there is a statistically significant link between the observed variables.
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Although there is a plethora of studies on the dynamics of social identifications, we found only a few which associate this dynamics with the perceived family relationships. This lack of knowledge has motivated us to explore the extent to which social identifications are associated with family attachment and the perception of parental behaviour. We conducted our study on a sample of 325 young people (58% females) of the Serbian ethnicity from the Republic of Srpska. The participants were secondary chool students and university students (aged 16 to 25). Social identifications were measured by the question: “To what extent is belonging to the following group mportant to you?”, with nine target groups provided: the family, friends, ethnicity, religion, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Balkans, Europe, mankind/ humanity. In addition to the questions related to demographic variables, the battery comprised the modified, family-targeted version of the Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory scale, with the subscales of anxiety and avoidance (Kamenov & Jelić, 2003) and the questionnaire of fathers’ and mothers’ parental behaviour with he dimensions of parental support, restrictive control, and permissiveness (PBQ29; Keresteš, Brković, Jagodić & Greblo, 2012). Exploratory factor analysis of social identifications yielded a hierarchical factor structure with three lower-order factors we labelled as ethno-religious identification, global social identification and identification with primary social groups. We observed only weak correlations of the family-related variables with social identifications. In particular, we found that attachment variables (anxiety positively and avoidance negatively) could be considered as the predictors of different social identifications. We discuss our findings in light of the previous research.
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Introduction. The article explores integration in psychology with the main focus on integration of psychological knowledge and psychological community. The purpose of the research is to identify contemporary trends and characteristic features of integration processes in psychology. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the communicative methodology of psychological science. The data of social psychological research were collected via survey methods and questionnaires. The respondents (n = 52) were representatives of scientific psychological community. The purpose of this study was to reveal the attitude of psychologists to individual parameters of integration in psychology. Results. As a result, it was found that the problem of integration in psychology is clearly differentiated into two components – the integration of psychological knowledge and the integration of psychological community. It is asserted that each direction of integration has its own specifics, unique mechanisms of implementation, and special links with each other. On the basis of the results of the socio-psychological research, the authors identified perceptions and attitudes of psychological professional community to integration problem, key methodological problems of psychology, and the usefulness of foreign experience in its solution. The authors emphasize the potential of communicative methodology for solving the problems identified in this study. Conclusions. The findings suggest that modern problems of psychological education are closely related to the unresolved key methodological problems of the subject, the method of psychology, and the opposition between academic and practical psychology.
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Social deficiencies are the result of the malfunctioning or inexistence of a certain degree of family "disorganization", of school non-integration followed by school failure or abandonment, all completed by affiliation to social groups that make the child a teenager a negative type of socialization. In addition to social aspects, factors of individual nature, factors related to the personality structure of the individual, as well as anatomophisiological or genetic factors act.
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The universal human tendency to form close relationships, the basic needs satisfied by social relationships and the centrality of them to human existence were ones of the most important reasons why people started to research the concept of close relationships and its impact on the daily life. In the last 4 decades, the studies of the interpersonal relationships have been one of the favorite areas in the social psychology. The several strong theories and highly generative research paradigms on interpersonal relationships are the result of researchers’ interest in this concept. A central role was played by the romantic relationships concept. At the beginning of the 1980s, the publication of studies on relationship types began, and later on, articles on theories about factors of formation, development, maintenance and dissolution of one romantic relationship were published. Across time, they discover that social relationships represent the context in which people experience their most intense emotions, both positive and negative. Especially, the experience and expression of emotions are influencing the formation, maintenance and dissolution of close relationships. Thus, based on these assumptions, this paper is an overview of synthesizing (a) how the concept of romantic relationships is view by different theories; (b) what are the benefits of them; and (c) which type of negative emotions are experienced within a romantic relationship.
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The research was conducted to determine whether there were differences in the perception of partner’s authenticity depending on the respondents’ gender and age, the length of marriage, satisfaction with the relationship and satisfaction with the support of the partner. Respondents were 32 married couples (N=64), with the average age of 40 years. The length of marriage of the respondents ranged from 4 to 33 years. The Authenticity in Relationships Scale (Grijak, 2018) was used in the research. The results showed no statistically significant differences between men and women in the perception of partner’s authenticity. However, there were differences in the perception of partner’s authenticity with respect to the satisfaction with the relationship in men, as well as with respect to the age of women. The men who are more satisfied with the relationship with their partner and the women aged between 41 and 49 perceive their partners as more authentic. The presented research is a significant contribution to a more detailed interpersonal examination of authenticity and the goals of partners in a relationship.
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This study is a review of some cognitive biases that occur in our everyday social thinking. Their influence on the way we process social information often goes unnoticed. Although the literature makes no distinction between cognitive biases from the perspective of motivational influences on them, this article addresses this issue. A section of the article focuses on the influence of the affective state on cognitive biases. It is our belief that a minimal knowledge of the cognitive biases we make about ourselves and others can be a real help in the effort to correct these distorsions of information.
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The research is aimed at studying the success mental representations of students who are considered as the modern society members seeking for intellectual and personal resources integration. The article describes relevance and prospects of the success mental representations studying. These representations are considered to reflect personal real and potential success. Such methods as content and statistical analyses are used for the research. Quantitative analysis of signs/indices (total quantity: 555) and categories (total: 415) allowed the “success” concept cognitive structure characterizing. Categorizing the analyzed units helped to define modalities which become basic in the research and specified its conceptual scheme. Quadri classification of signs helped to find out the “success” concept organization style, having peculiarities based on the speed and accuracy of these signs selection, their structuring and integration. The summary of the research is based on the statistically significant conclusions. The level of the students’ style cognitive and personal characteristics structuredness is determinantial for the success mental representations structural organization. The more complete and integral the success cognitive image is, the more mature and integrated the students’ personal resource and experience are; in this case the students are highly motivated for reaching the success. The results of this research elaborate the idea and scientific facts about mental representations and can be informative and useful for cognitive psychology researchers and the persons working with students.
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Expectations towards institutions tasked with early education and care are constantly changing. Parents or guardians of children are looking for places that will help them to raise a child, frequently it is exactly in collective care institutions where they would like for the child to acquire some of the competences and skills needed in later life. The meaning of the article is to show the benefits stemming from the cooperation between form teachers and the parents of children enrolled in one of the children’s clubs in Lower Silesia. The article presents a description of the cooperation between the facility’s staff and the parents of two children: Jacek, who had developmental difficulties and problems with social contacts, and Małgosia, in whom selective mutism was suspected. Jacek attended the children’s club for a period of two years, while Małgosia, for less than a year. At that time, various turning points occurred in the cooperation of the staff with the children’s parents. Cooperation between parents and form teachers is the key to the harmonious development of a young person, and it seems to be particularly important in the case of difficulties in the development and everyday functioning of a child being noticed.
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Major individual and social importance is assigned to human maturity for performing such a significant and complex social role as the one of being a parent. Therefore, maturing to parenting is the primary object of interest of this article. The aim of this paper is to characterize this form of maturity. The considerations presented in this article clearly indicate that starting and effective development of the parental relation requires a certain degree of maturity.
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