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Zastosowanie terapii metodą PNF w pracy neurologopedy i fizjoterapeuty – studium przypadku pacjentki z przebytym krwotokiem podpajęczynówkowym

Author(s): Monika Knychalska-Zbierańska,Katarzyna Walas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article presents the specificity of the work of a speech therapist and a physiotherapist with a neurological patient. The authors discuss the diagnosis, the speech therapy and the effects of physiotherapy of a patient with a history of subarachnoid haemorrhage; the method of PNF was used in this case. In this article the most important questions and effects of the therapy are described. In addition, the text contains a list of classes used in the treatment of both the vital functions and the lower and upper limb. They are characteristic of the chosen method of therapy.

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Neuroekonomia a problemy etyczne

Author(s): Lucyna Drenda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2016

According to the theory of causality a man is almost completely formed by the circumstances, pressures and genetic considerations. Nowadays, it is defined as searching and consuming animal, which, as a consequence of submersion in a matter, becomes incapable of resolving problems resulting from the nature of matter. The more human being strengthens the feeling of independence and superiority, the more loses the ability of granting a deeper sense to its actions and choices. Neuroeconomics grew from the interest of combining the psychology of judgements and decision making, neurological approach and methods of research with the theories predominantly called behavioral economic. The subject of the article is to analyse the neuroeconomic theory which study the brain activity leading to emergent computations that determine individual decisions with the philosophical point of view on voluntariness of actions.

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Distribution of Minimal and Maximal Values of the Location of the Centre of Pressure in the Frontal and Sagitt al Planes in Healthy Boys and Boys with Mild Intellectual Disability Participating in 12-Week Equestrian Classes

Author(s): Anna Mazur-Rylska,Tadeusz Ambroży,Dariusz Mucha,Jarosław Omorczyk,Dorota Ambroży,Wioletta Mikulakova,Stanisław Gulak,Ewa Puszczałowska-Lizis,Lucia Kendrova,Dawid Mucha / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2017

Humans maintain balance in the vertical position through random movements that result from instability of the body supported in two points. These tracking movements are responsible for the motor activity focused on maintaining body balance. The role of the postural control system is to choose a strategy, that is, the behaviour as a response to stimuli and regaining the balance through coordinated activity of the muscles that stabilize the talocrural and hip joints that perform movements in the frontal and sagittal planes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of equestrian classes on postural balance in the frontal and sagittal balance in healthy boys aged 15 to 17 years and boys at the same age with mild intellectual disability. The study examined 100 randomized boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability and healthy boys. The study participants were divided into two groups: experimental group, who participated for 12 weeks in equestrian classes and the control group, with boys attending outdoor or indoor physical education classes. Before and after completion of the study, both experimental and control groups were diagnosed by means of Accu SwayPlus force plate. Maximum and minimum locations of the position of the centre of pressure (COP) with respect to the base of support on the platform were evaluated in the frontal and sagittal planes.

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MENTAL HEALTH (YUGOSLAV HEALTH CARE SYSTEM)

Author(s): Momčilo Kilibarda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1974

Within the Yugoslav health care system increasing attention is being paid to mental diseases, not in their most severe forms, but also to numerous neurotic, sociopathic and psychosomatic disorders, psychic disturbances in children and young adults, and to other psychic conditions which take an increasingly important place in the morbidity of the population.

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Neuroobrazowanie W Badaniach Marketingowych Konsumentów. Analiza Na Przykładzie Produktów Żywnościowych

Author(s): Urszula Świerczyńska-Kaczor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This article aims to contribute to the discussion about the potential for the implementation of consumer neuroscience into marketing research. This article highlights three areas of consumer neuroscience: methods used by consumer neuroscience, the findings and their interpretations and the ethical aspects. The article has a partly descriptive character as the research area of neuroeconomics or consumer neuroscience is new. To illustrate the investigated problems the selected studies, especially connected with food products, were presented as a review of literature.

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Biologia czy kultura mózgu. W poszukiwaniu uwarunkowań działalności edukacyjnej

Author(s): Renata Michalak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

An unusual flowering neuroscience is perceived in many scientific areas and education also. The scientific disciplines such as neuro-pedagogic, neuroteaching or neuroprogramming are trying to use the data of neuroscience in optimizing educational process for children, teenagers,and adults. Improving the functions of human brain and maintaining its cognitive capacity are very important and attractive activities for both researchers and practitioners of education, now. However, it will not be possible without a good knowledge of the basics and the determinants of development of brain. This article presents neurobiological and cultural context of programming of educational process.

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Perspektywa neuronaukowa w praktyce muzykoterapeutycznej skierowanej do osób starszych

Author(s): Ludwika Konieczna-Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (9)/2017

Listening to and creating music is a unique experience in people’s life. Research using neuroimaging shows that making music – as a very complex and strong stimulus – can influence plasticity and adaptive reactions of the brain. The scientific discoveries regarding the relationship between music and humans’ neurofunctioning became the foundation for Neurologic Music Therapy. It uses standardized techniques to support rehabilitation of people who experience disease or injury to the nervous system. Some neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alezheimer’s and Parkinon’s diseases linked to the aging processes might be treated with music with good results and benefit patients. This article presents Neurologic Music Therapy and its potential in practice with different populations.

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Sound-To-Color Synesthesia and Its Influence on the Level of Emotion

Author(s): Stela Drăgulin,Constantin Fulvia Anca / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Synesthesia is long researched and debated. Some people report seeing colors and/or lights when they hear certain keys or notes in music or when they listen to or play instruments. Among those there are many musicians such as Franz Liszt, Itzhak Perlman, Duke Ellington, Leonard Bernstein, Jean Sibelius and Olivier Messiaen. Moreover, musicians who are also composers explained that writing music is like producing images based on colors, their mixture and shades. Researchers on synesthesia are divided: on one hand, they have views pointing out the existence of synesthetic perception and diverse possibilities to be aware of it, on the other hand they present assumptions based on case observations that are rejected scientifically. In this paper we form an opinion in favor of sound-to-color synesthesia based on two directions of research. First, we show that music can bring out colored patterns or simply colors mentioning that the colors chosen are not always constant over time, and they are not identical from one individual to another. Second, listening to music influences the level of emotion, attention and relaxation, their frequency being translated in colors of brainwave frequency bands.

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Playing frightened? A short introduction into music performance anxiety

Author(s): Jucan Andrada,Adrian Opre / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Many musicians face music performance anxiety, however in Romania, few of them have an appropriate emotional knowledge and training on how to better manage this intense emotion. The main purpose of this theoretical article is to introduce musicians into the basics of the phenomenon of music performance anxiety. The main sections of the article will help them understand why they have these emotional reactions on stage, the difference between fear and anxiety, two important approaches in the study of music performance anxiety and a short review of the Romanian published articles on music- related themes as well as some worth investigated further research topics.

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Ways of forgetting: Memory and identity in Alzheimer’s fiction

Author(s): Katarzyna Więckowska / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (14)/2016

Alzheimer’s is a disease that poses a challenge to the established ways of thinking about the relation between memory, identity and narrative. In this article, I offer a reading of Lisa Genova’s Still Alice (2007), Stefan Merrill Block’s The Story of Forgetting (2008), and Matthew Thomas’s We Are Not Ourselves (2014) to examine the ways in which the increasingly popular literature of Alzheimer’s represents, and possibly reconfigures, the prevalent notions of identity and memory, as well as the relation between literature and science. A number of critics have noted a shift in contemporary literature demonstrated by the growing focus on neurological conditions. Accordingly, the analysis of Alzheimer’s novels refers to selected critical descriptions of this shift, including the discussions of syndrome literature and the neuronovel.

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Serum BDNF Levels in Patients with Gambling Disorder are Associated with the Severity of Gambling Disorder and Iowa Gambling Task Indices

Author(s): Sam-Wook Choi,Young-Chul Shin,Jung Yeon Mok,Dai-Jin Kim,Jung-Seok Choi,Samuel Suk-Hyun Hwang / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Gambling disorder (GD) shares many similarities with substance use disorders (SUDs) in clinical, neurobiological, and neurocognitive features, including decision-making. We evaluated the relationships among, GD, decision-making, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as measured by serum BDNF levels. Methods: Twenty-one male patients with GD and 21 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects were evaluated for associations between serum BDNF levels and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as well as between serum BDNF levels and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) indices. Results: The mean serum BDNF levels were significantly increased in patients with GD compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between serum BDNF levels and PGSI scores was found when controlling for age, depression, and duration of GD. A significant negative correlation was obtained between serum BDNF levels and IGT improvement scores. Discussion: These findings support the hypothesis that serum BDNF levels constitute a dual biomarker for the neuroendocrine changes and the severity of GD in patients. Serum BDNF level may serve as an indicator of poor decision-making performance and learning processes in GD and help to identify the common physiological underpinnings between GD and SUDs.

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Publicity and Reports of Behavioral Addictions Associated with Dopamine Agonists

Author(s): Katherine E. Gendreau,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The development of behavioral addictions (BAs) in association with dopamine agonists (DAs, commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease) has been reported. A recent report presented data that these associations are evident in the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), a database containing information on adverse drug event and medication error reports submitted to the FDA. However, given that vulnerability to publicity-stimulated reporting is a potential limitation of spontaneous reporting systems like the FAERS, the potential impact of publicity on reporting in this case remains unclear. Method and aims: To investigate the potential impact of publicity on FAERS reporting of BAs in association with Das (BAs w/DAs) as presented by Moore, Glenmullen, and Mattison (2014), news stories covering a BA/DA association were identified and compared with BA w/DA and other reporting data in the FAERS. Results: Fluctuations in the growth of BA w/DA reporting to the FAERS between 2003 and 2012 appear to coincide with multiple periods of intensive media coverage of a BA/DA association, a pattern that is not evident in other reporting data in the FAERS. Discussion/Conclusions: Publicity may stimulate reporting of adverse events and premature dismissal of the potential influence of publicity on reporting may lead to mistaking an increased risk of an adverse event being reported for an increased risk of an adverse event occurring.

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Anxiety, Gambling Activity, and Neurocognition: a Dimensional Approach to a non-Treatment-Seeking Sample

Author(s): Gustavo C. Mederios,Daniela G. Sampaio,Eric W. Leppink,Samuel R. Chamberlain,Jon E. Grant / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Previous analyses have highlighted significant associations between gambling disorder (GD)/ subsyndromal GD and increased rates of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders relative to the general population. However, less is known about how anxiety symptoms influence the clinical presentation of gambling problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between anxiety symptoms, gambling activity, and neurocognition across the spectrum of gambling behavior. Methods: The sample consisted of 143 non-treatmentseeking young adults (aged 18–29 years), in which 63 individuals (44.1%) were classified as recreational gamblers, 47 (32.9%) as having subsyndromal GD, and 33 (23.1%) met criteria for GD. Results: The main findings were: (a) there was a positive correlation between anxiety severity and gambling severity measured by the number of DSM- 5 GD criteria met; (b) there was a positive correlation between anxiety severity and attentional impulsiveness; (c) subjects with suicidality presented higher levels of anxiety; and (d) the severity of anxiety symptoms was negatively correlated with the quality of life. Discussion and conclusions: This study suggests that anxiety may be associated with relevant clinical variables in the broad spectrum of gambling activity. Therefore, proper management of anxiety symptoms might improve the clinical presentation of gamblers in different areas.

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Young onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with schizophrenia

Author(s): Cristina Grosu,Irina Răileanu,Sergiu Costin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and schizophrenia has been rarely reported in the literature, but there are new studies sustaining that there is a genetic overlap in the origin of these two diseases. This new hypothesis has major implications in understanding the biology behind their pathological processes and has an important potential to open new research strategies in the treatment area of ALS. We report a case of a 37- year-old patient undergoing psychiatric treatment with antipsychotics for schizophrenia for the last 13 years, and who developed signs and symptoms suggestive of motor neuron disease. Young-onset ALS was confirmed based on the El Escorial criteria and riluzole therapy was immediately initiated. Based on the previous studies, only 10% of the patients with ALS develop the disease under 45 years and usually these cases are associated with familial ALS.

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Neurocognitive Findings in Compulsive Sexual Behavior: A Preliminary Study

Author(s): Katherine L. Derbyshire,Jon E. Grant / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a common behavior affecting 3–6% of the population, characterized by repetitive and intrusive sexual urges or behaviors that typically cause negative social and emotional consequences. Methods: For this small pilot study on neurological data, we compared 13 individuals with CSB and gender- matched healthy controls on diagnostic assessments and computerized neurocognitive testing. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups. Conclusions: These data contradict a common hypothesis that CSB is cognitively different from those without psychiatric comorbidities as well as previous research on impulse control disorders and alcohol dependence. Further research is needed to better understand and classify CSB based on these findings.

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Selective tense deficit in Hungarian agrammatic aphasia

Author(s): Éva Mészáros / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The selective deficit of tense processing has recently become one of the phenomena most often examined by aphasiologists. It has repeatedly been shown that agrammatic aphasics have serious problems with the agreement of the time adverb and the tense morpheme, as opposed to the intactness of subject-verb agreement.Nine Hungarian patients with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia and nine healthy speakers participated in a study of sentence grammaticality judgement. Experiment 1, designed to measure ability to detect morphosyntactic violations (subject-verb agreement), included 40 ill-formed sentences containing an error of number. Ability to detect morphosemantic violation was tested in Experiment 2 including 80 ungrammatical sentences, where there was an incongruence between the time expressed by a time adverb (today, yesterday, tomorrow) and the tense of the verb. Our results indicate that Hungarian agrammatic aphasics show a selective deficit of tense, and that the position of an adverb influences sentence processing. These findings are discussed in a syntax-discourse model, which accounts not only for the selective deficit of tense, but also for the differences in working memory load necessary for the processing of sentences containing either a pre-verbal or a post-verbal time adverb.

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BELA JULESZ AND “SCIENTIFIC BILINGUALISM”

Author(s): Ilona Kovács / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2006

Béla Julesz (1928–2003), known for his work in depth perception and pattern recognition, was an inspirational master to a whole generation of neuroscientists. He developed new techniques (involving computer-generated random-dot stereograms, cinematograms, and textures) that led to a new field of perceptual research called “early vision”. Julesz often emphasized the importance of “scientific bilingualism” in the creative process.

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGE-GUIDED NEUROSURGERY

Author(s): Ferenc A. Jolesz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2005

The combination of advanced neuro-navigation, 3D multi-modality image fusion and intra-operative MRI can fulfill the promise of an integrated image guidance system for neurosurgery. The concept of MRI-guided neurosurgery is now widely accepted and preliminary evidence suggests that MRI guidance greatly improves the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical procedures. The application of intra-operative MRI is especially helpful in the surgical excision of low grade gliomas (tumor resection control). Among the currently developed thermal therapy methods, focused ultrasound (FUS) appears to be the most promising method for non-invasive neurosurgery.

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Bilinçli Farkındalık ile Psikolojik Kırılganlık İlişkisinde Utangaçlığın Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Mehmet Sarıçalı,Seydi Ahmet Satıcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The current study was designed to investigated the mediating role of shyness on the associated between mindfulness and psychological vulnerability in Turkish university students. The participants were 299 [176(59%) females, 123(41%) males] volunteer university students who completed a questionnaire package that included Turkish versions of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale. The theoretical model was tested using a two-step structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. The results indicated that mindfulness was negatively associated with shyness psychological vulnerability and that shyness positively associated with psychological vulnerability. After the confirmed measurement model, the structural equation modeling revealed that shyness partially mediated the role of mindfulness on psychological vulnerability. Moreover, bootstrapping procedure confirmed that mindfulness was indirectly associated with psychological vulnerability through shyness. The findings highlight that the importance of mindfulness in decreasing perceptions of shyness and decreasing psychological vulnerability.

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PLASTICITET MOZGA

Author(s): Nejra Nesimović-Khedr / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2013

Until two decades ago, scientists believed that at some time during old age our brain stops creating new neural pathways, and that their number is limited and fixed. However, this proved to be false, because our brain never stops adapting and changing. This fact goes in favor of anyone who wants to develop their intellectual and physical capacities, to move the endurance boundaries of the body and brain, sick people, especially those with some brain damage because neuroplasticity is the ability of the reorganization, re-networking of neurons and neural pathways. Our present comes as a result of a long-standing patterns of behavior. Our brains have been trained during some stage of our life, consciously or unconsciously, to be a negative, critical, and perhaps destructive. We lived surrounded by such people, or just life circumstances that broke our spirit. Therefore, time is needed to achieve the opposite effect.

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