Clinical, Biological and Genetic Predictors of Lithium Treatment Response

Author(s): Hazan Tomar Bozkurt,Vefa Erbasan,Ümran Eğilmez,Barış Şen,Memduha Aydın,Kürşat Altınbaş / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Lithium was discovered by the Swedish Arfvedson at the beginning of the 1800s and began to be used in psychiatry for the past 1950s. Lithium, as a mood stabilizer, is the gold standard and first choice treatment agent for the treatment of bipolar disorders in adults. However, it is mostly difficult in clinical practice to predict which patient would respond to the treatment with lithium well due to the huge variation in patients’ characteristics. Clinicians seem to focus primarily on identifying a clinical phenotype to foresee lithium treatment response. In this article, researches on predictors of the lithium treatment response were reviewed and evaluated in four titles as clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic predictors.

Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğunun Alt Tipleri: Heterojen Bir Tanı Kategorisi

Author(s): Dilay Eldoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

Social anxiety disorder, which has a prevalence rate of 7%, is among the psychopathologies resulting difficulties in school and work life and interpersonal relationships of the individuals. Although the findings of the research agree on the destructive role of social anxiety disorder on individuals, there is no consensus on whether social anxiety disorder is differentiated between individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine the quantitative and qualitative differences among the subtypes in the field of social anxiety disorder literature and to evaluate the reflections of these differences on suggestions about the diagnosis processes.

Tardif Diskinezi ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları

Author(s): Mehmet Emin Demirkol,Şilan Şenbayram,Gökçen Doğangüneş,Lut Tamam / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

Tardive dyskinesia is an iatrogenic movement disorder with an incompletely determined etiology. Involuntary movements can effect oral, lingual, facial, corporal muscles and can be permanent. Tardive dyskinesia is one of the most important side effects of long term antipsychotic use. There is some decrease in tardive dyskinesia rates after common use of second generation antipsychotics but tardive dyskinesia can be seen even after use of second generation antipsychotics. There are some treatment options from drug-free observation to deep brain stimulation in tardive dyskinesia. The aim of this article is to review epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment options of tardive dyskinesia.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy Based Interventions for Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Özge Enez / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Grief is a normal, dynamic and multidimensional process, which relates to the individuality and uniqueness of reactions to loss. However, complicated grief is a syndrome where normal grief is unusually prolonged because of complications in the natural healing process. Approximately one third of grieving individuals develop complicated grief symptoms. The individuals suffering from complicated grief tend to report clinical complaints that refer to anxiety, depression, psychical symptoms and life-threatening behaviours. The aims of this study were: to identify which psychother-apy-based interventions were designed for the treatment of complicated grief; and to make an infer-ence about the effect of these interventions.

Şizofrenide Görülen Tıbbi Durumlar

Author(s): Betül Demirel Döngel,Lut Tamam,Gül Kır / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2017

Dezavantajlı gruplarla çalışan psikologlarda eşduyum yorgunluğu ve stres ile başa çıkma

Author(s): Kübra Tuş Yiğit,Zeynep Maçkalı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between compassion fatigue and stress coping styles in psychologists working with disadvantaged groups and to examine to what extent depression, anxiety and stress predict compassion fatigue. Comparative analyses were conducted on the demographic characteristics of the participants in their coping styles with compassion fatigue and stress. The study was conducted with the Demographic Data Form, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Ways of Coping with Stress Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. These were administered to 300 psychologists, 252 of whom were women (84%), 48 of whom were men (16%), and who ranged in age from 22 to 65 (M = 29.82, SD=6.0) and lived in Istanbul, Izmir, and Bursa. It was found that the coping styles of psychologists working with disadvantaged groups had a predictive effect on compassion fatigue. Also, depression, anxiety and stress were found to be predictors of compassion fatigue. When the demographic characteristics were examined, it was found that the levels of compassion fatigue and coping styles differed according to gender and duration of work in the profession.

Yeme reddi şikâyeti olan çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyleri ve bağlanma stillerinin incelenmesi: Kontrollü bir çalışma

Author(s): Hümeyra İşbilen,Özlem Şireli Bingöl,Mehmet Çolak,Ecem Demirel,Ali Dayi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety levels and attachment types of mothers of children with food refusal complaints in the early childhood period. The participants were a group of 50 children around the ages of 1-6 with food refusal complaints and their mothers, and a control group of 50 healthy children and their mothers. After filling out the socio-demographic information form, the participating mothers were evaluated using the “Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)” and the “Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ)” under the researcher's supervision. The BAI scores of the mothers in the food refusal group were considerably higher than the mothers in the control group. When the groups were evaluated in terms of RSQ scores, it was determined that 11% of mothers in the food refusal group had secure attachment types while that percentage was 89% for those in the control group; and there was a significant difference between both groups in terms of maternal attachment style. According to the results of the current study, the anxiety and insecure attachment levels of the mothers of children with food refusal complaints were found to be significantly higher than the mothers in the control group. Results indicated a positive correlation between the mothers' anxiety levels and attachment types, and the food refusal problems from early childhood.

MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE I POSTTRAUMATSKI RAST NASTAVNIKA UNIVERZITETA U SARAJEVU TIJEKOM PANDEMIJE COVID-19

Author(s): Bisera Sofović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 27/2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened people’s mental health in various ways. Some authors consider it to be a kind of collective trauma, so it is expected that some people are subject to processes that encourage the so-called post-traumatic growth. The aim of this research was to examine the mental health and post-traumatic growth of the University of Sarajevo teachers, as they were faced with a changed way of working. A total of 286 teachers, 181 female and 105 male, age 24-66 years, of all academic titles, completed a questionnaire that included data on age, sex, workplace, perception of changing work tasks, personal experience and experience of close people related to getting sick with COVID-19. Mental Health Inventory, MHI-5 and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory were applied. The results suggest that university teachers generally maintained their mental health during the pandemic, especially men. Better mental health is associated with a lower rate of post-traumatic growth. It seems that, on average, university teachers have not experienced the pandemic as a traumatic experience. Statistically significant growth was observed in the area of perception of the value of life among teachers who estimated that their work was changed significantly due to the pandemic. No other significant differences were observed regarding the experience of changing work tasks, the workplace and the experience of getting sick with COVID-19. The correlation of mental health and post-traumatic growth with age was also not statistically significant. Since mental health risks exist even in the post-pandemic period, it seems important to pay attention to the psychological well-being of female university teachers, as well as those who perceive that their work tasks have changed significantly due to the pandemic.

Fenomenologiczny paradygmat psychoterapii Gestalt

Author(s): Marek Jawor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2021

This article examines the influence of the assumptions of the phenomenological method on the shape of Gestalt psychotherapy. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the main ideas of Edmund Husserl’s philosophy and the basic assumptions of Gestalt psychotherapy was performer. The strenght and importance of the underlying connections are indicated by both research methods used in Gestalt therapy: the directness of experiencem „suspedding” one’s own beliefs, horizontal description, and categories related to awareness: contact intentionality and „here and now” experience.

Diagnozowanie i opiniowanie źródłem problemów oraz dylematów etycznych

Author(s): Władysław Jacek Paluchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The introduction to the article describes the basic ethical problems of the professional role of a psychologist and also indicates what rights the clients of a psychologist have and what people expect in contact with a psychologist. Next, the question of what human rights violate the situation of diagnosis and what are the factors of credibility of the effect of diagnostic procedures was discussed. After analyzing the differences between the problem and the ethical (moral) dilemma, a proposal for a model of making ethical decisions was presented and its elements were discussed.

Zmiany Kodeksu Etyki Zawodowej – diagnozowanie

Author(s): Władysław Jacek Paluchowski,Beata Wójtowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article describes the history of the Code of Professional Ethics of Psychologists of the Polish Psychological Association and the course of its updating.The effect of the work of the team developing the 2015-2020 part of the Code on the ethical problems of psychological assessment of the currently prepared Code is presented in detail.The appendix contains detailed ethical provisions regarding psychological assessment in part 2 of the Code of Ethics of the Psychologist of the Polish Psychological Association.

Inwentarz do Oceny Płci Psychologicznej - zaktualizowana charakterystyka psychometryczna

Author(s): JAKUB BŁAJET / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article presents psychometric characteristics of the Psychological Gender Evaluation (IPP) by Alicja Kuczyńska. It was checked which terms enter into the current stereotype of femininity and masculinity. It was assumed that the terms from the Inventory may have become outdated. Exploratory factorial analysis of IPP items was made. Finally, two factors were obtained, explaining 30.51% of the total variance. Finally, the scales were fed by all positions with a factor charge in excess of 0.3. The existing tool has satisfactory psychometric properties. The interpretation of the factorial charges of individual IPP positions sheds new light on contemporary definitions of femininity and masculinity.

Zdolność do identyfikacji emocji na podstawie ekspresji mimicznych - doniesienie z badań przestępców

Author(s): Jakub Knecht / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Treścią raportu jest informacja na temat badań przeprowadzonych do pracy magisterskiej pod tytułem "Analiza związku psychotyczności z umiejętnością rozpoznawania emocji u osób skazanych". Zawiera psychologiczną definicję przestępcy i informacje o czynnikach biopsychicznych, których określone natężenie lub wystąpienie ma wpływ na popełnianie czynów przestępczych oraz informacje o możliwości różnicowania populacji przestępczej od nie przestępczej. W rapocie przywołano termin inteligencji emocjonalnej z wyszczególnieniem umiejętności rozpoznawania emocji traktowanej jako rodzaj zdolności poznawczej będącej wyznacznikiem inteligencji emocjonalnej. Raport stwierdza potwierdzenie hipotezy, iż istnieje różnica w poziomie inteligencji emocjonalnej skazanych i nie skazanych.

Analiza polskich testów do pomiaru inteligencji emocjonalnej lub komponentów składających się na inteligencję emocjonalną

Author(s): Aleksandra Lubikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Celem niniejszego badania była weryfikacja korelacji między polskimi testami zadaniowymi służącymi do pomiaru inteligencji emocjonalnej (EI) lub komponentów EI. W badaniu udział wzięły 43 osoby ze Stowarzyszenia Mensa Polska. Otrzymane wyniki wykazały dodatnią korelację między TRE i TIE (r=0,30 p<0,05) oraz ujemną korelację między SIE-T i TRE (r=-0,28, p<0,05). Korelacja między SIE-T i TIE okazała się nieistotna.

Trafność teoretyczna Kwestionariusza radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych CISS ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trafności teore-tycznej skali stylu skoncentrowanego na unikaniu

Author(s): Agata Jabłońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Sprawdzono trafność teoretyczną Kwestionariusza radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych (CISS) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trafności skali stylu skoncentrowanego na unikaniu (SSU). 141 studentów (76 kobiet, 65 mężczyzn) w wieku 19-26 lat, wypełniło: kwestionariusz CISS, Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności, Pure Procrastination Scale oraz Kwestionariusz spędzania wolnego czasu. Badanie trafności metodą analiz: macierzy korelacji, czynnikowej oraz struktury wewnętrznej testu, dostarczyło argumentów świadczących na korzyść trafności teoretycznej, zarówno skali SSU jak i całego kwestionariusza. Uwzględniając uzyskane dane oraz wyniki badań zagranicznych (Endler, Parker, 1990b, 1994; Cosway, Endler, Sadler, Deary, 2000), sugeruje się rozważenie wprowadzenia w polskiej wersji kwestionariusza zróżnicowania norm stenowych dla płci.

Badanie wpływu mimicznego sprzężenia zwrotnego na percepcję zmęczenia

Author(s): Katarzyna Jakubowska,Anna Piątkiewicz,Bartosz Rubaszewski,Elżbieta Siekierska,Klaudia Tylkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Badanie dotyczyło wpływu mimicznego sprzężenia zwrotnego na subiektywną percepcję zmęczenia. Przebadano 75 studentów (19 – 26 lat). Badani wypełniali dwukrotnie polską adaptację skali FAS, przed i po wykonaniu zadania eksperymentalnego, polegającego na przyjęciu określonej postawy ciała oraz mimiki. W badaniu utworzono 2 grupy eksperymentalne i 1 grupę kontrolną, różniące się pod względem wykonywanego zadania. Zmienną zależną stanowiło zmęczenie, a niezależną rodzaj mimiki. Założono, że u osób które przyjmą zmęczony wyraz twarzy subiektywna ocena percepcji zmęczenia wzrośnie. Hipoteza nie została potwierdzona. Jednocześnie potwierdza to odporność wyników testu FAS na chwilowe zmiany percepcji zmęczenia i adekwatność tego narzędzia.

Zjawiska związane z pamięcią autobiograficzną podczas wstępnych konsultacji do psychoterapii pary

Author(s): Bartosz Zalewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Cel Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wniosków płynących z aktualnych badań nad funkcjonowaniem pamięci autobiograficznej oraz poszukiwanie możliwości ich odniesienia do praktyki diagnostycznej w psychoterapii par. Ważnym elementem tekstu jest także przyjrzenie się temu, jak natura pamięci determinuje rodzaj danych, które diagnosta otrzymuje od pary. Cel artykułu to również wspieranie rozwoju kompetencji metodologicznych psychologów-diagnostów pracujących z parami, poprzez dostarczenie wiedzy o działaniu mechanizmów pamięciowych podczas wstępnych spotkań konsultacyjnych.Tezy Z badań nad pamięcią autobiograficzną wynika, że treść wspomnień w istotny sposób zależy od celu, kontekstu oraz grupy, wobec której jest ona przywoływana. Postawiono tezę, iż w trakcie konsultacji do psychoterapii par wspomnienia przywoływane są przez partnerów w celu opowiedzenia o problemach pary oraz wnoszone w szczególnej publicznej sytuacji pod wpływem silnych emocji. Stanowią one nierzadko ochronę każdej z osób przed negatywną oceną terapeutów, a jednocześnie służą podtrzymywaniu relacyjnych elementów tożsamości każdego z partnerów.Konkluzje Pamięć autobiograficzna to cenne źródło informacji o przeszłości pary, potrzebnych do odpowiedniego kwalifikowania do psychoterapii. Wiedza o mechanizmach pamięciowych wspiera adekwatną ocenę jakości zebranych danych oraz tworzenie właściwych hipotez diagnostycznych. Jednocześnie konsultowanie to szczególne środowisko dla odpamiętywania wspomnień, bowiem ich treść jest równie istotna jak sposób opowiadania. Dla dobrej diagnozy konieczna staje się analiza obu tych elementów. Zbieranie ważnych informacji o życiu psychicznym każdego z partnerów możliwe jest także dzięki dobremu sojuszowi diagnostycznemu.

Terapia zorientowana na ciało w profilaktyce zaburzeń odżywiania. Przegląd systematyczny

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Cel Pomimo rosnącego znaczenia terapii zorientowanej na ciało i szerokiego stosowania metod wykorzystujących pracę z ciałem brakuje systematycznych przeglądów naukowych, które analizowałyby jej skuteczność w zakresie zaburzeń obrazu ciała u osób chorujących na anoreksję lub zagrożonych jej wystąpieniem. Stanowi to barierę zarówno dla praktyków sięgających po rozwiązania terapeutyczne, jak i teoretyków badających mechanizmy interwencji terapeutycznych czy edukatorów działających na rzecz profilaktyki zdrowia.Celem niniejszych rozważań jest przegląd badań dotyczących wpływu różnego rodzaju interwencji opartych na metodach pracy z ciałem na obraz ciała osób z zaburzeniami odżywiania lub zagrożonych zaburzeniami odżywiania typu anoreksja. Metoda Badanie przeprowadzono zgodnie ze standardem PRISMA. Zeksplorowano elektroniczne bazy danych (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) w poszukiwaniu randomizowanych badań kontrolnych (RCT). Łącznie przeanalizowano 425 pozycji, z czego 69 pełnotekstowych artykułów zostało poddanych krytycznej ocenie. Ostatecznie do przeglądu włączono 15 badań, które spełniły wszystkie kryteria włączenia. Wyniki Analizy wskazują, że programy oparte na metodach pracy z ciałem, w porównaniu z grupami kontrolnymi, były bardziej skuteczne w redukowaniu czynników ryzyka i promowaniu czynników ochronnych, a dodanie ich do podstawowej formy terapii może prowadzić do znaczącego zmniejszenia objawów zaburzeń odżywiania. Konkluzje W przyszłości istotne byłoby bezpośrednie porównanie wpływu konkretnych typów interwencji na czynniki ryzyka i czynniki chroniące.

Body-oriented therapy in the prevention of eating disorders. A systematic review

Author(s): Emilia Korsak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim Despite the growing significance of body-oriented therapy and the broad applicability of psychotherapeutic methods that focus on the body, there is a general scarcity of systematic reviews analyzing the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in addressing body image problems in persons with anorexia or at risk of anorexia. The above constitutes a barrier for practitioners, theoreticians who investigate the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic interventions, as well as educators who implement health promotion programs. The aim of this article was to review research studies analyzing the effects of different body-oriented interventions on body image perception in persons suffering from or at risk of eating disorders such as anorexia. Methods The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Digital databases (ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for randomized control trials (RCT). A total of 425 records, including 69 full-length research articles, were critically analyzed. Fifteen trials that met all inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Results The review revealed that body-oriented therapeutic programs are more effective in reducing risk factors and reinforcing protective factors in comparison with the control groups, and that the inclusion of body-oriented therapy in standard therapeutic practice could substantially minimize the symptoms of eating disorders. Conclusions Further research is needed to directly compare the effects of different types of interventions on risk factors and protective factors.

Zaburzenia odżywiania a postrzeganie obrazu ciała wśród kobiet po urodzeniu dziecka w okresie postpandemicznym

Author(s): Mateusz Grajek,Martina Grot,Maria Kujawińska,Weronika Gwioździk,Paulina Helisz,Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The perinatal period is a physiological and psychological challenge in the life of a pregnant woman and future mother, requiring special interdisciplinary care. The three-year SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has redefined many areas of the public health sector, causing psychophysical changes. The COVID-19 disease, which has reached a global scale, has intensified the progression of mental disorders, especially taking into account the dysfunctional relationship with one’s diet which predisposes people to a lack of control, excessive restriction of meals, and emotional eating, causing obesity-oriented eating disorders, binge eating syndrome, and pregorexia. The aim of the study was to analyze the perceived body image among women after childbirth, focusing on the occurrence of possible eating disorders. The methodological tools were the TFEQ-13 questionnaire and the SCOFF questionnaire along with the record and qualitative analysis of the female nutrition (up to one year after childbirth). 288 women aged 20–45 were qualifi ed for the study. Anthropometric measurement taking into account BMI in the form of index categorization as the norm was the majority (66.7%). The pre-pregnancy and postpartum weight gain averaged 3.5 kilograms. The aspect of body perception by women indicated a lack of satisfaction with its image (69%), but half of the respondents were aware of changes in external appearance with a positive perception of the body image. The negative subjective assessment concerned a smaller percentage of women (22%). Moreover, signifi cant differences were observed in the case of the perception of body weight and the method of feeding the child (p = 0.03). Additionally, dissatisfaction with body weight predisposed to a higher SCOFF score, indicating the risk of developing eating disorders (46%; p = 0.001) with increasing body mass index. A significant correlation was observed between the reduction of consumed meals and a higher BMI parameter, along with dissatisfaction with body weight among overweight or healthy women and those physically active during the pre-conception period. Women were much more often characterized by a lack of control over food in the perinatal period (according to the TFEQ-13 questionnaire). To sum up, behaviors aimed at limiting eating, lack of control over eating, as well as emotional eating in the studied group of women resulted in a negative self-perception in the form of dissatisfaction with body weight. Overweight and obese women are predisposed to the progression of eating disorders in the form of pregorexia. The therapeutic and preventive element in the form of nutritional education is key, as common errors in the diet and supplementation are associated with a higher risk of eating disorders.