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Are Engaged Employees More Satisfied and Personally Attached? A Process Model Approach

Author(s): Muhammad Musarrat Nawaz,Rizwan Qaiser Danish,Sidra Ramzan,Farid Ahmad / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The attractiveness of employee engagement between business employees has motivated numerous practitioner studies. But, those studies have been performing from the finance or marketing point of view. However, organizational behaviour point of view limited theoretical studies have been conducted, particularly how employee engagement important for employees. The purpose of this research was to investigate what are the consequences of employee engagement in service sector of Pakistan. The collection of data has been done through questionnaire which was prepared to gauge the variables. Overall 301 useable questionnaires are used from which average age and working experience are 25-29 years and 2-5 years respectively whereas on the flip side 67 percent respondents are said to be male. The results of multiple regression analysis and confirmatory factor analysis strongly support the hypothesized relationships. Human resources department of the Service sector may implement the findings of this research to enhance the employee engagement in their respective organizations.

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Attitudes, Personality and Organizational Behavior

Author(s): Maria Daniela Pipaş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An interesting topic, often approached in scientific studies and followed insistently by the human resources departments of large companies is represented by the relationship between attitudes, personality and organizational behavior. Given that personality means diversity and is determined by both genetic factors and the individual's past learning, we can argue that during the process of gaining experience, with age, personality is susceptible to change which leads to changes in attitude and organizational behavior. In general, the sociological approach to attitude relates to social values. Psychological points of view investigate attitudes according to certain aspects of the personality: motivation, emotional states, cognition or behavioral dispositions. It is well known that attitudes precede behaviors. Of interest to those who lead groups is to know to what extent attitudes foreshadow behaviors and what is the connection between motivation, attitude and behavior. Regarding the organizational behavior, we are especially interested in the attitude towards work, respectively the satisfaction of the employees and the connection between it and the organizational performance.

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Integrated Strategic Communication in Romanian Organizations

Author(s): Florin Mesaros,Irina Antoaneta Tanasescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The strategic communication goes beyond the area of public relations and focuses mainly on strategies that create, develop, and control the success of an organization.Strategic communication also includes traditional practices of institutionalized organizational communication to use the messages much more easily when interacting with internal and external stakeholders. Wishing to find a better strategy to programme any internal or external communication, the organizations develop different kinds of strategic plans meant to support the management process, starting with the mission and vision statement and ending with the evaluation of achieved goals. The following example - Integrated Strategic Communication (ISC)- shows the ways the integrated strategic communication can be reached in Romanian organizations.

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Behavior during the Pandemic – A Problem of the Rule of Law

Author(s): Camil Tănăsescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

With the recession generated by the sudden appearance of the infectious agent Sars-COV-2, the whole world has amazingly, unusually, limited its economic and social activity. At the same time, this collapse represents an exogenous and symmetrical opposition to the systems of law, health, education, economy, finance, transport, protection and defense of fundamental rights and freedoms. The pandemic is a state of security, government and population to adhere or not to what was obvious: the virus is still alive and we are preferences. From here, we mean firm attitudes to comply with special provisions to help negative attitudes, such as to justify stray outings in groups, denial of dangers or amnesia on compliance with regulations. Throughout this article, we aim to review the consequences that the behavior of the individual or companies will support and translate into group-level behavior. It is understandable that this period is a crossroads and that, as soon as the phenomena return to normal, we will realize the behavior acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how it affects the protected social relations protected by legal norms. Another coordinate proposed for debate and analysis is whether the state of the pandemic affects the social value of trust and what implications may have the distrust of individuals in the measures taken by state authorities, but also distrust of the authorities in citizens, and the repercussions on implementing new rules with character prohibitive.

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Wsparcie studentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wyzwaniem dla uczelni wyższych

Author(s): Anna Dobrychłop / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The situation of people with mental disorders is more difficult and more complex than the situation of people with other types of disability. Perceiving them, through the prism of negative stereotypes functioning in society describing the disease, as well as the mentally ill person itself, causes many, often irreversible consequences. Support for students with mental disorders but also those experiencing mental health crises is an important challenge faced by universities in Poland today. On the one hand, each university is required to adapt the form of education to the needs and capabilities of students with disabilities, on the other hand, the lack of specific procedures defining the type, form and principles of providing support in relation to the mentally ill, often does not allow for taking appropriate actions. This reality is not facilitated by the existence of many harmful stereotypes, and as a result social isolation from the mental ill.

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АКТУАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРЕДСТАРТОВЫХ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ СПОРТСМЕНОВ

Author(s): V. A. Vasilikova,Vitalii Dvorak / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article presents the results of individual characteristics of pre-start emotional states of athletes. An empirical study was conducted using two methods. The level of anxiety and general condition at the pre-start moment in athletes was studied, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results was carried out.

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PROČ SE NEVYPLATÍ ODCHÁZET OD PLOTNY

Author(s): Petr Soják / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V následujícím výčtu nabízíme mozaiku několika vybraných jevů, které ovlivňují dramaturgii kurzu zejména v průběhu jeho realizace. Protože je pravděpodobné, že mohou nastat nečekané situace, je dobré s nimi počítat a připravit se na ně. Někdy se jedná o záležitosti, které považujeme za banální a samozřejmé, ale často tyto skutečnosti můžeme podcenit nebo je opomenout a následně nám mohou narušit celý náš připravovaný koncept kurzu. Každopádně provázejí dramaturgické úvahy od tvorby cílů a plánovaní scénáře až po samotné vyhodnocení kurzu. Čím více si jich dokáže lektor pojmenovat dle záměrů a cílů předem, tím lépe.

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MASO VERSUS VEGEKUCHYNĚ

Author(s): Petr Soják / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Procesy, které se odehrávají ve skupině nejen při zážitkových akcích, se obvykle souhrnně nazývají skupinová dynamika. Tento jev ovlivňuje a je ovlivňován mnoha faktory nejen v návaznosti na cíl stanovený pro danou sociální skupinu. Skupinovou dynamiku v zážitkové pedagogice řešíme v rámci celého kurzu, neb je to něco, na čem můžeme stavět spoustu věcí. Nejčastěji se projevuje na dvou základních úrovních, jak v samotné realizaci aktivity, tak následně při reflexi či zpětné vazbě. Je to proces interakcí všech zúčastněných, participujících ve skupině, a variability vztahů mezi nimi. Probíhá ve chvíli, kdy jsou daní jedinci zrovna aktivní či pasivní. Dokonce mohou ovlivňovat jeho průběh, i když nejsou přítomni.

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NEZDRAVÁ ÉČKA A KVALITNÍ ÍČKA V NAŠÍ KUCHYNI

Author(s): Veronika Nýdrlová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Jsou různé varianty, z čeho budeme vařit, abychom hosty chutně pohostili. V lektorské práci je součástí takových příprav i tvorba týmu. Na jedné straně můžeme oslovit konkrétní lidi, které bychom si přáli v týmu mít a nereagovat na další zájemce z jiných řad, na straně druhé můžeme rozeslat e-mail všem lidem kolem sebe, že máme v plánu dělat nějaký kurz či tábor a zájemci jsou zváni ke spolupráci. Obojí má svá pro a proti (a je možné pohybovat se i na pomyslné škále těchto dvou extrémů), nicméně chceme-li, aby tým šlapal, tak to pro nás znamená, že se všichni členové doplňují a spolupracují.

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The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale – psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version, associations with related constructs and applications in work psychology

Author(s): Jozef Bavoľár / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective. The study presents the Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale with the aim of examining its factor structure and construct validity through relationships with related variables. It also aims to sketch the possibilities of applying it in work psychology. Method. The study consists of two datasets which included a total of 220 subjects (age 21-60, mean age 36.7, 59.5% females). The participants completed four self-reported measures – Intolerance of Uncertainty (Carleton, Norton, & Asmundson, 2007), Domain-Specific RiskTaking (Blais & Weber, 2006), Indecisiveness Scale (Frost & Shows, 1993) and the Decision Outcomes Inventory (Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007). Results. The factor structure and internal consistency of the Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was confirmed. Indecisiveness was found to be related to only one factor – inhibitory uncertainty. The intolerance of uncertainty was associated more with risk perception than with risk-taking and no relationship with decision outcomes was found. Conclusions. The Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring this construct. The results of the analysis highlight the importance of distinguishing its two factors – prospective and inhibitory anxiety. Limitations. The study is restricted by the absence of variables more directly related to the role of the intolerance of uncertainty in a work environment.

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Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties – measurement and correlates

Author(s): Agnieszka Bożek,Diana Malinowska,Aleksandra Tokarz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective. The main purpose of the paper was to present the construct of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties (shortly: beyond-duties engagement) and its measurement with the modified version of the UWES-9 questionnaire. An additional goal was to find differences in this type of employee engagement depending on personal variables, and the relationship between it and feedback from others, organizational commitment and burnout. Methods. A preliminary study was conducted within 61 employees (77% of men) of a mediumsized company in the automatics-robotics industry. In the main study 137 employees (60% of women) of private and state-owned enterprises of various industries with minimum 2 years work experience in one company took part. In the second study the Feedback scale from the Work Design Questionnaire, Organizational Commitment Scale, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory were used. Results. It was found that the modified UWES-9 questionnaire to measure beyond-duties engagement is a one-factor, reliable and theoretically valid measure. The higher level of engagement in actions in leadership positions was established, as well as its positive relationship with feedback from others and organizational commitment, and negative relationship with burnout. Conclusions. Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties is a homogenous construct, linked to positive aspects of work. Every employee may engage in additional activities, although working as a manager may be conducive to greater beyond-duties engagement. Limitations. There was rather small, inhomogeneous group in the main study, in both studies only self-description methods were used.

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Starting an entrepreneurial career: Young entrepreneurs’ profiles.

Author(s): Zuzana Kožárová,Denisa Fedáková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective. The first aim of this paper is to identify the important features of five entrepreneurial career categories: reasons for pursuing entrepreneurship, preparing for entrepreneurship, launch of entrepreneurship, risks and family background. The second aim of the paper is to describe the profiles of young entrepreneurs using the five entrepreneurial career categories. Method. An 80-minute focus group session with 7 young entrepreneurs aged 26 to 30 years led by 2 moderators. The discussion focused on launching the business and its subsequent development. The discussion was audio recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were processed using Atlas.ti software. Results. The qualitative content analysis of the transcriptions revealed the building blocks of the five entrepreneurial career categories. Seven entrepreneur profiles were created. The findings show various elements and factors affect decisions about entrepreneurial careers. Conclusions. The paper contributes to knowledge relating to the content of the five categories, and specifically to beginning an entrepreneurial career. The individual profiles of the young entrepreneurs reveal the diversity, peculiarities and similarities of the beginnings of an entrepreneurial career. The aim behind the young entrepreneur profiles is to provide effective stimuli for university students attending career planning courses. Limitations. The findings presented here are based on a single focus group discussion, and so cannot be generalized. The size and composition of the focus group (age, gender and region) could be considered a limitation, or conversely as a strength.

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The effect of manager's frequency and quality of communication on team's performance

Author(s): Michal Franc,Radvan Bahbouh,Rudolf Kubík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective. This paper wants to empirically test hypothesis that team leader's (who is the strongest determinant of communication climate and shared mental models within the team) higher frequency and quality of communication leads to higher performance. Method. Hypothesis was tested on a sample of 237 leaders of sales teams from a large financial institution. The team leaders were rated based on quality and frequency of their communication by their subordinates. Team leaders had to be in their positions at least for 1 year. Standard sociomapping items with previously demonstrated reliability and validity were used to measure communication. Team performance was measured by average team member's annual revenue. Results. Regression analysis showed positive effect of quality and frequency of team leader's communication on team performance. Conclusions. From theoretical perspective, the paper follows up on studies investigating relationship between communication satisfaction and team performance. Practical implications lie mainly in s interventions and other efforts to improve communication within organizations. Further, it highlights the necessity to consider managers' communicationrelated competencies during their selection and consecutive development. Limitations. The main limitations of this study are its cross-sectional character and specificity of the sample (effect of intervening variables such as company culture cannot be excluded).

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Replication of psychometric analysis of the 4Elements Inventory (4EI) in the general population

Author(s): Eva Höschlová,Radvan Bahbouh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective. The 4EI questionnaire, based on a four-factor personality model derived from the metaphor of the four elements, was standardized in 2008 in the form of a 100-item version on a quota representative Czech sample (N=493), after ten years of prior development. Following that, it was also standardized based on quota representative samples in the US and Spain. In 2018, the psychometric analysis of 4EI was replicated on a sample of the general population (GP). Method. The GP sample was comprised of all those who filled out the questionnaire since the aforementioned standardization (N=13 298, 58.5% females, average age 36.7, SD=9.7). A basic descriptive statistics item analysis, correlational analysis of the four elements (dimensions), as well as reliability measures and exploratory factor analysis were all repeated on this sample and compared with the previous analyses’ results. Results. In both samples, the difficulty of all items ranged between .1 and .9 and all items correlated with corresponding scales at least .2 or stronger. All four elements (dimensions) reached a high reliability, comparable with the previous estimations. The EFA of a priori fourfactor structure showed results comparable to those of the analysis performed ten years ago. Factor scores as outputs from EFA highly correlate with raw scores of four measured elements (from .96 to .71). Conclusions. Our study provides support for the psychometric qualities of the 4EI questionnaire, even using the new, extended GP sample. Limitations. The EFA as an exploratory tool provides sufficient evidence neither for the stability of factor structure in time nor for the factor validity. Therefore, there is a new article about 4EI in progress, where the results of CFA and ESEM will be provided.

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Validation of the Emotion Recognition Test

Author(s): Radvan Bahbouh,Ivana Fabianová,Alžběta Knorková,Eva Chroustová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objectives. The Emotion Recognition Test (ERT) was introduced last year as a new tool to measure the ability to recognize emotions (Bahbouh & Fabianová, 2019). This paper adds the support for convergent validity as well as a support for validity based on the way in which the test items were answered. Method. The ERT consists of recognizing the seven emotions (anger, contempt, surprise, happiness, sadness, fear and disgust) presented on 44 photographs that appear in a random order for a period of three seconds at a time. The test is standardized based on a Czech sample of 334 respondents (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). For the purposes of construct validation, the MSCEIT test was used based on a sample of 65 quota-selected volunteers, and for the overall score as well as for the partial dimensions of the MSCEIT, the correlation significances were tested as part of the convergence validity. For the support of validity based on the way in which the items were answered, two workshops focused on recognizing emotions for students were used, wherein one group (N = 19) was tested at the beginning of the workshop and the second (N = 18) was tested at the end. Results. The Pearson correlation of the ERT and the overall score of emotional intelligence measured by the MSCEIT was significant (r = 0.294, p = 0.009). In terms of the individual dimensions of emotional intelligence, the correlations with Using emotion (r = 0.383, p = 0.001) and Understanding emotion (r = 0.232, p = 0.032) were significant. In the study focused on the validity given by the way in which test items were answered, the students in both groups used their understanding of the manifestation of emotions when responding to the questions. The previously instructed group achieved statistically significantly better results in the ERT (t = 3.396, d = 1.117). Conclusions. Results of both studies support the validity of the ERT, whose main advantage is a low time intensity. Additionally, the utilization of the test as part of training in the given competence was investigated. Limitations. A limitation of both studies is the relatively small sample in the Czech Republic.

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Myslieť na svoju finančnú budúcnosť

Author(s): Lenka Valuš,Viera Bačová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Objective. Financial competence of an individual is not only about financial knowledge, but also about attitudes and beliefs. We regard consideration of future consequences of own financial behavior (CFC-F) as the key variable in personal finance management. That is why we focused our research on the predictors of this tendency. Method. 50 financial professionals and 50 non-professionals with equal representation of men and women in each group, average age 37, with university (72%) and secondary education (28%), participated in the study. The questionnaire was administered with subscales of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and consideration of future consequences in the personal finance domain. Results. Linear regression analysis has shown that important positive predictors for CFC-F are professional experience, positive attitudes towards personal finance management, and debt rejection. Financial literacy, surprisingly, predicted CFC-F negatively. Conclusions. Research results point to the importance of attitudes towards personal finance and suggest that financial knowledge may not contribute to considering the consequences of financial behavior. Findings can be useful in drawing up financial education programs. Limitations. Study limits include a small sample of participants and online administration of questionnaires.

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Tvorba a pilotní ověření nového inventáře kreativity a inovativnosti Creatixo (DKI-CXO)

Author(s): Milan Bobek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Objectives. In this study we try to verify the reliability and validity of a new questionnaire (precisely speaking inventory) of creativity and innovativeness, based on review of existing research, tests and literature on creativity. Method. Review identified 80 skills and personality attitudes related to a complex creativity construct according to Urban´s (2002) definition. We preliminarily grouped them into 9 areas: 1. courage, 2. endurance, 3. openness, 4. imagination, 5. empathy, 6. enthusiasm, 7. assertiveness, 8. analytical and systematic thinking and 9. ability of self-development. Data collection was done on a public server with 90 respondents of a wide age, educational and professional range and further on with 35 members of company teams. Results. 3 items were excluded by correlation analysis. The split-half method verified the reliability of the questionnaire (0.90) and its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.91). Validisation studies have just begun, only validating the results by respondents themselves and their surroundings have been done till now and exploratory factor analysis. Conclusions. The questionnaire proved itself to be reliable, but now it needs adjustment of some of its items according to the factor analysis, collection of new data from a representative sample, confirmatory factor analysis and a proper validation. Limits. Testing of creativity and innovativeness just by a questionnaire. Proper validity assessment has not yet been done. We plan reduction and readjustment of items based on exploratory factor analysis that propose just 6 factors, collecting new data from a representative sample, confirmatory factor analysis and contrast validation with individuals who are known for their high creativity and innovativeness.

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Postoje k migrantom v slovenskej populácií na základe údajov Eurobarometra (2017)

Author(s): Miroslava Bozogáňová,Tatiana Lorincová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The opinion of the Slovak population is based on the assumption that there are hundreds of refugees in our country. In 2018, 37 persons were granted international protection (MÚ MV SR, 2019). Objectives. The goal of this study is to analyze attitudes towards migrants by gender, employment and perceived social class. Method. The research sample consisted of 1080 respondents in the SR - 43.1% men and 56.9% women of the age of 15 – 93 years (M=49.45, SD=16.83).). Data collection was carried out in a face-to-face interview in the (2017) form of multi-stage probabilistic selection in Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017). Attitudes toward migrants were measured by a 7-item scale (Cronbach = 0.861). We used descriptive analysis, Student t-test for two independent samples, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results. It was found that women do not differ from men in attitudes towards migrants, employed do not differ from unemployed and respondents from working social class have more negative attitudes towards migrants than respondents in higher classes. Conclusion. The paper provides insight into attitudes towards migrants in the Slovak population. We used the data which are currently the most up-to-date source of this information (April 2018) and provide opportunities for further research. Limits. The nature of the data does not allow us to examine the psychological characteristics of respondents in more detail.

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Kompetenčné modely líderstva v edukačnom prostredí

Author(s): Eva Sollárová,Vladimír Poliach,Lucia Pašková,Zuzana Heinzová,Beata Žitniaková-Gurgová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Objectives. Standards and requirements on educational leader´s competencies in the Slovak Republic do not fully use the potential of psychological know-how of leadership competency models. One of the aims of the APVV project no. 17-0557 ("Psychological approach to development, implementation and evaluation of the competence model of educational leaders´ development”) is to create a competency model for educational leaders that would be theoretically grounded and research-based. The paper presents the results of the introductory evaluation of specified international competency models for leaders in the educational setting. Method. The method of the Frame Analysis by Ritchie & Spencer (1994) using CAQDAS and multiple evaluations, was applied to selected U.S. educational leadership standards dated 2002 to 2017. Results. The results show differences in metalanguage used and the structure of the models, as well as quite wide range of competencies included in the approaches to school and educational leadership standards/models. Conclusions. The findings are discussed in the perspective of evaluating the conceptualization and development of educational leadership standards within the U.S. context. Limitations. Narrowing the focus on the North American context as other studies (eg European) will follow.

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İşyerinde Mobbing

Author(s): İlknur SAYAN,Ferhat Varış / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Mobbing, which is an important problem in the workplace, has recently received more and more attention in academic and business environments. Mobbing is a series of actions that have social and psychological multidimensional features and are frequently seen in the business environment. Mobbing can manifest itself as behaviors, words, actions, gestures or writings that affect personality, dignity, physical and psychological integrity. Mobbing has negative effects on the working environment. These range from stress and depression to psychosomatic disorders and even chronic diseases. Mobbing in the workplace is repetitive, unreasonable malicious behavior towards an employee or a group of employees that poses a risk to health and safety. It can manifest itself in the form of intimidation, physical violence, discrimination. It is important to be aware of the phenomenon of mobbing, which can cause serious negative effects at the individual, organizational and even social level, to determine its causes and to take precautions.

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