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The contribution of Critical Theory in understanding society

Author(s): Federico Sollazzo / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2016

Is Critical Theory a part of our knowledge we can access just in a kind of museum of history of ideas, or is Critical Theory a living part of our culture on which we can still rely in order to understand and (re)orient our society? To answer this basic question, and many others, and also to shed some light on what seems to be a recent abuse of the term “critical”, in this issue will be addressed, under different points of view, the meaning of the expression Critical Theory. The papers here collected are divided in an English and an Italian section, to facilitate the reader who is confident, or prefers, only one of these languages. In both sections, Critical Theory is addressed in a twofold way: as regards its origins in the so-called School of Frankfurt and as concerns its further and contemporary developments, from an interdisciplinary perspective.

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O negativnoj globalizaciji – Zigmunt Bauman

Author(s): Braco Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 15/2018

The value theoretical relation to globalisation is diametrically opposite - positive or negative. Neoliberal globalisation apologists seek to highlight its positive characteristics, while its critics point to a whole series of negative characteristics. This other theoretical orientation belongs to Zygmunt Bauman. His attitude towards globalisation is highly negative: in itself, globalisation carries a number of negative risks, of which the most difficult is the one that leads to the possible self-destruction of humanity. Therefore, he decisively stated that if we do not develop the perception of planetary responsibility and the ability to foresee the future, cataclysm is quite certain and real.

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About negative globalisation – Zygmunt Bauman

Author(s): Braco Kovačević / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2018

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KRIZA IDEJA ILI KRIZA ZNANOSTI

Author(s): Josip Kregar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 16+17/1995

ln the article the author considers the problems of constituting social sciences in Croatia. The social sciences crisis is a global phenomenon, inevitable due to the nascent stage of the science, to its pre-paradigmatic phase of development. The insecurity thus felt has been caused by the non-existance of convincing universal and general theories traditionally characterizing sociology. Therefore, this global crisis is transient and apparent because new ideas could soon change the overall feeling of discontent. The current circumstances of social and political development and the feeling of collapse of social values are not favorable ground for the constitution of sociology. Onthe one hand,too much is expected of the science (since there is no systematic explanation of social change), and on the other hand, its role is underestimated by the constant stigmatization of social sciences as Marxist ones. Despite the evident lack of logic of these accusations, social research is denied social and material support.

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SOCIOLOGIJA SUBKULTURA I HRVATSKI KONTEKST

Author(s): Benjamin Perasović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 58+59/2002

The sociology of youth subcultures has never been strictly established, but most authors deem that its beginnings date back to the twenties and thirties of the 20th century and can be found in the works of the Chicago School. The theory of delinquent subculture from the fifties, the interactionist contribution of the early sixties, the occurrence of counter-culture in the late sixties and the domination of the Birmingham School in the seventies and eighties represent commonplaces in the development of sociology of subculture, including today's (postmodern) period in which the concept of subculture has been renounced.

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PSIHOISTORIJA NAŠE BUDUĆNOSTI

Author(s): Goran Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 506/2017

Psihoistorija je nauka koje ne postoji. Ne možemo reći čak ni - još ne postoji, jer nauke ne dele ontološku neizvesnost sa imaginacijom. Psihoistorija posmatrana na akademski način mogla bi da se nazove antropologijom velikih brojeva ili „društvenologijom" budućnosti. Možda i Ji Đingom masovnog društva :'i pak numeričkim proročanstvom. Ali nijedan bizarni ni apsurdni naziv neće nam uskratiti kušenje da skiciramo realističnu futurologiju i postavljamo temelje istinske nauke o budućnosti.

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Odbrana struke i poziva sociologa, Sećanje na Miloša Nemanjića (1932–2016)

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

Miloš Nemanjić, jedan od vodećih srpskih sociologa, istraživač i javni delatnik koji je ostavio duboki trag u našoj društvenoj nauci, preminuo je 14. oktobra 2016. godine. Rođen je 1932. godine u Beogradu, u porodici aktivnog oficira Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, pukovnika Velimira A. Nemanjića i majke Radmile, domaćice. Reč je, po demografskim podacima, o jedinoj porodici Nemanjića na teritoriji Grada Beograda. Za vreme Drugog svetskog rata otac Velimir je zarobljen i proveo četiri godine u zarobljeništvu u Nemačkoj. Posle rata ostao je bez posla i penzije, tako da je njegova porodica jedva preživljavala. [...]

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DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY IN TURKEY FROM ITS EMERGENCE TO THE 1960S

Author(s): Ahmet Alp / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2019

This study is a theoretical examination of the progress of Turkish sociology from its emergence to the 1950s and 60s. Many studies have been carried out for presenting the development of Turkish sociology and the stages that it has passed in terms of putting forward social knowledge for Turkish society. Although there is a rich literature about it, internationally and particularly, there is not much study in English. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present the development of Turkish sociology from its emergence in Turkey and its relationship with European sociology during its development to the 1960s in order to introduce Turkish sociology to other societies’ sociologies.

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Iráčtí jezídé: Případová studie redefinice genderových rolí

Author(s): Karel Černý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2019

The case study of Iraqi Yazidis and their changing gender roles and gender relations as a consequence of armed conflict and forced displacement is based on a field research conducted on the territory of northern Iraq in the Spring 2016. It identifies a complex crisis of Yazidi masculinity as a direct consequence of the armed conflict and forced displacement by the so called Islamic State in the Summer 2014 since Yazidi men have not beet able to fully fulfil their traditional roles and expectations: physically protect their families, women and communities; provide for their livelihood; protect tribal code of honour. Also the tribal and patriarchal authorities are in crisis and alienated from their communities as a direct consequence of the armed conflict, forced displacement and feeling of betrayal on part of the Yazidi population. The forced emancipation of Yazidi women is a direct consequence of the crisis of Yazidi men and an indirect consequence of the armed conflict and forced displacement and as such cannot be understood in isolation from the crisis of the traditional Yazidi manhood. The Yazidi women at least partly fulfil some of the traditional mens’ roles like providing livelihood for their families or even participating in the armed struggle against the Islamic State. Redefinition of domestic violence, divorce, and status of women liberated from the sexual slavery is also under way. However, the new dialectics between the crisis of the traditional masculinity and the emancipation of Yazidi women set in motion as a consequence of the armed conflict and forced displacement can become a self-sustaining mechanism even after the forces that have set it in motion disappear.

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A CHARACTERISING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY AND SOCIOLOGY: THE UNDERSTANDINGS OF SECULARISATION, URBANISATION, AND SOLIDARITY

Author(s): Barış Çağirkan / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2019

This paper aims to characterise the relationship between modernity and sociology in the context of secularisation, urbanisation and solidarity. The emergence of sociology as a discipline has been connected with the emergence of modernity. While modernity emphasises a different society and social structure, sociology has become the most critical part of this interpretation and its attempt to understand and explain. The study aims to explain the strong relationship between the basis of modernity and sociology by examining the work of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber which are one of the first studies to understand the new society understanding of modernism. The differences of modernity caused the social actors to be in doubt about themselves, and ontological insecurity emerged in this context. Some of the ideas have developed by sociologists about social change process will be examined in this context. Durkheim and Weber focus on the study of social order, change and social relations, which is a significant concern showing two basic methodological and theoretical ideas in the sociology tradition. Weber and Durkheim's optimistic and pessimistic attitude towards social change will be questioned in the conclusion section.

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RECENZJA KSIĄŻKI

Author(s): Michał Głuszkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Review of: Michał Głuszkowski - Jarosław Kilias, Goście ze Wschodu. Socjologia polska lat sześćdziesiątych XX wieku a nauka światowa. Kraków: Nomos, 2017; 287 ss.

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Bendruomenė ir bendruomeniškumas seniūnaitijos ir seniūnijos lygmeniu: samprata, raiška, galimybės tobulinti

Author(s): Algirdas Astrauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this article is to review the theoretical aspects of the community and sociality, as well as the experience of Lithuania when creating legal preconditions for sociality at the level of seniūnija, to present proposals on increasing sociality in Lithuania at the present moment at the level of seniūnaitija and seniūnija based on the experience of Lithuania and new theoretical statements formulated by the author himself. The article presents the statements of scholars F. Tonnies and J. Girnius about the community and its differences in comparison with another social belonging - the organization of people, as well as the provisions of the Annex Organization of Eldership to the Law on Municipalities (1919.10.10) that formed legal preconditions for sociality at the level of seniūnija during that historic period. In order to describe the current situation, the article reveals how sociality existed on the territorial level (seniūnaitija and seniūnija) in Lithuania during the period from 1990 to the present day. The added value of this article is in the statements formulated by the author of the article on what sociality is (in the author's opinion) and its relationship with the territorial social community, as well as suggestions for increasing (strengthening) the sociality in Lithuania in the current period, in particular at the level of seniūnaitija, as well as seniūnija. The methods of analysing and interpreting scientific literature and legal acts were used to achieve the purpose and fulfil the tasks of this article.

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Political, economic and social characteristics of political parties’ programmes in Serbia until 1918

Author(s): Dragoslav Kočović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2019

In this paper, we merely begin to discuss the establishment of political ideas, beginnings of political thought and political streams at the end of the first half of the 19th century, as the basis upon which political parties were formed several decades later. It was the time of great social turmoil and uncertain future of the young Serbian state. Serbia was recognized in 1878 after the liberation from the Ottoman rule and subsequently joined the family of world countries. Its beginning as a state was accompanied by numerous difficulties in establishing power, organizing political life and solving various social problems. The key part of this paper is dedicated to political parties, their formation and content turned into political programmes. We shall not delve into the political infrastructure nor study their exercise of power in the society. Our interests are directed at the political, economic and social content of political parties’ programmes in Serbia until 1918. We intend to highlight the value basis of Serbian community’s development and programme objectives used by the parties in their public communication. Taking into account that today Serbia is facing numerous challenges of political, economic, social and security nature, it is worth remembering the time 137 years ago in Serbia when its social life was formed. We can make a parallel between similarities and differences as well as challenges of this time and the past, from the perspective of one-century distance.

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ЛУТАЛАЧКИ ЕТОС И ДУХ РОМАНТИКЕ. РАЗМАТРАЊА НА ТРАГУ СОЦИОЛОГИЈЕ МАКСА ВЕБЕРА

Author(s): Dragana Jeremić Molnar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2013

First part of the article is devoted to the main categories of Max Weber’s historicist sociology: ethos and spirit. The authors are examinig his concepts of capitalist spirit and protestant spirit and, relaying especially on Weber’s unfinished treatise on music, contemplating the missing concept of romantic spirit, which could be tied with wandering ethos. In the second part of article, they are separating the phenomena of wandering (moving without purpose or goal) from travelling (moving towards the determined end) and analysing the possibilities of re-constructiong the wandering ethos in context of emerging early Romanticism. In the end they are dealing with the main change the wandering underwent in 18th Century and early 19th Century: from despised activity practiced by social outcasts only (with few exceptions such as journeymen and merchants) to the tool of regeneration.

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РАЗВОЈНИ ПУТ ЦЕНТРА ЗА СОЦИОЛОШКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА ИНСТИТУТА ДРУШТВЕНИХ НАУКА

Author(s): Ana S. Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

In the first part of this paper we will write about important historical data related to Center for sociological research. Previously published data will be completed with data about the Center related to the period after 1990. The second part of the paper will be based on the data I have collected through interviews with former and present associates of the center. Associates who worked at the Center for sociological research from early sixties of the 20th Century till nowadays. In this part of the paper we will write memories of our interviewees about their work in Center, a scientific role models in sociology, a situation in sociology as science and other questions.

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Sociologija u učionici: analiza nastavne prakse u srednjim školama u Kantonu Sarajevo

Author(s): Amila Ždralović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2018

This study identifies the basic problems in organizing and teaching sociology in secondary schools. Our goal is to explain the causes of these problems and finally, to give recommendations for further improvements. We have conducted our research in the period from February to September 2018. It focuses on the experience of selected secondary schools in the Canton of Sarajevo. The research findings primarily indicate that it is necessary to improve textbooks, and to develop quality lifelong learning programs for teachers in secondary schools. All academic institutions that bring together sociology experts should cooperate in designing these programs.

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Unsustainable Capitalism: Marx and Polanyi Contributions

Author(s): Simone Ghezzi,Enzo Mingione / Language(s): English Issue: spec. 1/2019

The article explores the importance of Marx's and Polanyi's theoretical thinking to understand the dynamics of capitalism. Both Marx and Polanyi assume the importance of agency in shaping contemporary societies by means of different logics and methodologies. Marx is explicit in his theoretical frame but leaves various problems open to further theoretical investigation with reference to the impact of class agency in the historical transformation of capitalism. Polanyi is relatively more attentive to the roles of agencies in building historically different and changing forms of re-embedding processes. Marx’s views on the capitalist economy may bolster the argument that contemporary global capitalism is an unsustainable and tension-ridden form of development. His contribution is, in some way, complementary to an interpretation of the current perspectives of capitalism inspired by Polanyi’s idea of the “double movement”.

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MORGANOVA NAUČNA TEORIJA, NACIONALNA IDEOLOGIJA I POLITIKA SAVEZNE VLADE SAD PREMA INDIJANCIMA U XIX VEKU

Author(s): Gordana Gorunović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Lewis Henry Morgan (1818–1881) was the main representative of the theory of socio-cultural evolution of humanity in North American ethnology, and the most influential ethnologist in the second half of the 19th century in the United States. Under his influence, ethnography emerged as an important and influential field of research in American science. However, by the beginning of the 20th century, his scientific theory of human progress was discredited as an ethnocentric and even implicitly racist. The doctrine of biological, racial determinism, which was dominant in scientific thought during the nineteenth century, replaced the doctrines of cultural relativism and historical particularism, represented by a new generation of professional American anthropologists led by Franz Boas. This is a review of how and why this happened.

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SOCIOLOG KOJI NIJE BIO OVDE: RACIONALNOST, ANTROPOLOGIJA I RAYMOND BOUDON

Author(s): Aleksandar Bošković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2014

The paper presents an overview and a call for further appreciation of some of the most important ideas of the late French sociologist Raymond Boudon (1934-2013). The paper also deals with the possible reasons for the fact that, despite his global fame and influence, as well as the impact of his theories, Boudon was almost unknown in the region – with the exception of the recent translations of a little text dealing with morality (Boudon 2005b), and his intellectual autobiography, Sociology as a Science, in Zagreb (Boudon 2012). Boudon’s diagnosis of the reasons for the crisis of contemporary sociology – the destructive influence of postmodernism and deconstruction – can also be recognized by scholars from other disciplines. Some of Boudon’s ideas – especially in his considerations of rationality and relativism – also have important consequences for methodology of the social sciences in general, including anthropology. His important modifications of the rational choice theory had already an impact on how we interpret conflict in some parts of the world, especially East Africa.

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NOVE REPRODUKTIVNE TEHNOLOGIJE – NOVI OBLICI MOĆI NAD TELOM

Author(s): Tamara Lepetić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

The paper points to the 1970's and the transformations which occurred in the fields of economy, society, politics, culture and technology, and which led to changes in the perceptions people had of themselves and the world as a whole. The processes of globalization, industrialization and commoditization of different social spheres served as useful in the analysis of theoretical viewpoints suggested by M. Foucault, and which touch on the relationship between the body, biopower and biopolitics. Keeping in mind this author's claims that the body is always a part of relations of power in a society, I am of the opinion that the analysis of the development and application of new reproductive technologies is an adequate phenomenon to test these claims on. The importance of dealing with an issue like this rests on the assumption that contemporary biological and medical technologies became a new way to analyze the operation of biopower - and biopolitics in society, as Foucault signified the processes of the distribution of power, establishing control, normalizing and disciplining human life.

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