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Between February 24 and March 24, 2003 the sociological agency Vitosha Research conducted a survey on corruption among the representatives of business organizations in Bulgaria. Representatives of 447 companies and organizations in the country were interviewed employing the method of personal standardized interview.
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A marketing research study was conducted in the end of April 2003 to explore and evaluate the market for the different brands of washing powder in Bulgaria. The survey was representative of the country's adult population. The size of the multi-stage cluster sample was N=1077 respondents from across the country. Information was collected by the method of the face-to-face interview at respondents' homes.
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In the period April 18- May 15, 2003 Vitosha Research conducted a marketing research study on the market of telephone services in the country. 1,077 respondents were interviewed face-to-face. The survey is representative of the country’s adult population. Based on the data obtained, as well as on the findings of previous surveys, a comparative report has been prepared that explores the dynamics of the market over a one-year period.
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This brochure has been prepared under the project "Economic restructuring in Bulgaria" Center for the Study of Democracy. It aims to support independent analysis and recommendations efforts of state institutions to accelerate the privatization process and economic restructuring. Of particular importance for the progress of economic reforms in the country is the level of awareness of the public and experts on the possibility of transacting securities at this time.
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Today, few countries around the world can afford to overlook the problems of corporate governance and control, all the more if they seek to attract foreign investment. This is also true for economies in transition. Good corporate governance and control ensure benefits for shareholders, restricts abuse and corruption and ultimately guarantees economic growth and social development.
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Between February 24 and March 24, 2003 the sociological agency Vitosha Research conducted a survey on corruption among the representatives of business organizations in Bulgaria. Representatives of 447 companies and organizations in the country were interviewed employing the method of personal standardized interview.
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In the period April 18- May 15, 2003 Vitosha Research conducted a marketing research study on the real estate market in Bulgaria. 1,077 respondents were interviewed face-to-face. The survey is representative of the country’s adult population.
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Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.
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The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to collect and analyze systematic information of the use of PCs and the Internet by the Bulgarian population. IT monitoring findings are based on data from national representative surveys administered by Vitosha Research in the period 2000-2002. The data collection method is face-to-face interview. All of the surveys are based on a random two-stage cluster sample representative of the Bulgarian adult population (18+).
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The main objective of the IT monitoring conducted by Vitosha Research is to observe periodically and in a systemic way the distribution and use of PCs and Internet by Bulgarians.
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This week Eurofound launches the field work of the third edition of European Company Survey across 32 countries. The sociological and marketing arm of the Center for the Study of Democracy - Vitosha Research will conduct the survey in Bulgaria.
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Vitosha Research conducted a research of the "hidden" economy among the business sector which encompasses 530 companies throughout the country. The fieldwork was carried out during the period November 25 - December 02, 2002. The survey method is personal standard interview.
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In the period March 30 - April 20, 2004, Vitosha Research conducted a survey of the "hidden economy" in the business sector, covering 478 companies from across the country. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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The survey of the business sector conducted in the month November 2003, covered 421 companies from accross the country. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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In the period January 23 - February 02, 2003, Vitosha Research conducted a national representative survey of the "hidden economy" in the country, covering 1107 respondents aged 18 and over. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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1. The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) respectfully submits written comments concerning Romania for consideration by the Committee Against Torture at its 54th Session. The ERRC is an international public interest law organisation engaging in a range of activities aimed at combating anti-Romani racism and human rights abuse of Roma, in particular strategic litigation, international advocacy, research and policy development, and human rights training. Since its establishment in 1996, the ERRC has endeavoured to provide Roma with the tools necessary to combat discrimination and achieve equal access to justice, education, housing, health care, and public services. 2. Regular monitoring of the human rights situation of Roma in Romania has been undertaken by the ERRC and other NGOs. The analysis of the Romanian legal framework is informed by our extended litigation experience in both domestic and international forums. 3. After a brief overview of anti-Roma attitudes in Romania, this submission follows the order in the List of Issues Prior to Reporting. While the issues highlighted are often of a general interest, the ERRC is convinced that they have a disproportionate impact on Roma, given Romania’s history of discrimination against and exploitation of Roma, as well as enduring stereotypes and hostility towards them. The present document does not aim to address all issues of relevance to the implementation of the Convention or its provisions in Romania, nor is it a comprehensive summary of all human rights issues facing Roma in Romania. 4. According to current unofficial estimates, Roma in Romania make up approximately 9% of the population (approximately 1,850,000). However, a verified and accurate count remains elusive. According to the final results of the 2011 Census of the Population and Households published on 4 July 2013 by the National Statistics Institute, Romania had a total population of 20.12 million. Among the 18.88 million respondents who self-reported their ethnicity, 621,600 were Roma (3.3%, an increase from 2.46% in the 2002 census). 5. Deeply entrenched anti-Roma attitudes can be vividly seen in the annual surveys carried out by the National Council for Combating Discrimination (NCCD): in 20052 61% of respondents thought that Roma were a source of shame for Romania, while 52% of respondents went further to say that Roma should not be allowed to travel outside the country. These attitudes have not improved much: in 20133 48% of respondents said that they did not want a Roma work colleague, 41% would not want a Roma neighbour, and 38% would not want any Roma in their municipality. Public authorities are not insulated from these wide-spread and pernicious attitudes; in the absence of robust safeguards these attitudes may translate into violations of the Convention. 6. In recent years international monitoring bodies have expressed particular concern about the rise in anti-Roma rhetoric and racism in Romania. For instance, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) noted in its 2014 report that “Stigmatising statements against Roma are common in the political discourse, encounter little criticism and are echoed by the press, the audiovisual media and on the Internet. No effective mechanism is in place to sanction politicians and political parties which promote racism and discrimination.” Similarly, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (“CERD”) stated in its 2010 Concluding Observations on Romania that it was “concerned at reports of the spread of racial stereotyping and hate speech aimed at persons belonging to minorities, particularly Roma, by certain publications, media outlets, political parties and certain politicians”. 7. CERD also expressed its concern regarding “the excessive use of force, ill-treatment and abuse of authority by police and law enforcement officers against persons belonging to minority groups, and Roma in particular”. 8. The climate of impunity for hate speech, stigmatisation, and discrimination is compounded by the absence of a robust framework to address anti-Roma violence, in particular violence perpetrated by the police. Again according to ECRI, as of 2014 “No significant steps have been taken to ensure compliance with the principle of non-discrimination by the police or to enquire as to the reasons why no complaints have been lodged against police officers”.
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1. Access to Education 2. Freedom of Movement 3. Violence and Hate Speech
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1. Anti-Discrimination and Other Human Rights Law 2. Political Developments 3. Attacks on Roma 4. Legal Threat to Housing Rights
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According to current unofficial estimates Roma in Romania make up approximately 9% of the population (approximately 1,700,000). However, a verified and accurate count remains elusive. According to the final results of the 2011 Census of the Population and Households published on 4 July 2013 by the National Statistics Institute, Romania had a total population of 20.12 million. Among the 18.88 million respondents who self-reported their ethnicity, 621,600 were Roma (3.3%, an increase from 2.46% in the 2002 census). The ERRC’s research on Roma in Romania shows that Roma continue facing discrimination in all areas of social life, including housing, education, employment and health. In December 2011, the Romanian Government adopted the Strategy for the Inclusion of the Romanian Citizens belonging to Roma minority for the period 2012 – 2020 in the context of the European Commission’s Communication on adopting an EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020 (hereinafter the Strategy). The Strategy focuses on four areas, namely access to housing, access to health, education and employment. However, it has been highly criticised by NGOs, which were not consulted prior to its adoption. Moreover, the Strategy lacks clear indicators on measuring its impact, reducing the possibility of effective implementation and of improving Roma inclusion policies through lessons learnt.
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The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) and Chiricli respectfully submit written comments concerning Ukraine for consideration by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) at its 52nd Session from 28th April to 23rd May 2014. Regular monitoring of the human rights situation of Roma in Ukraine has been undertaken by the ERRC and Chiricli, and the work of both organisations is reflected in this submission. The present document does not aim to address all issues relevant to the implementation of the Covenant or its provisions in Ukraine, nor is the document a comprehensive summary of all human rights issues facing Roma in Ukraine. With this submission, the ERRC and Chiricli aim to present the results of research in several areas of relevance to the Covenant in order to complement the information provided in the State Report. The information reflects the current priorities of the submitting organisations in their work in Ukraine. According to the 2001 census, the most recent census data, the population of Ukraine is about 45,453,000 people, among them 47,587 Roma. However, unofficial estimates suggest that the number of Roma in Ukraine is between 120,000 and 400,000. Nationwide, comprehensive data on the socio-economic situation of the Roma in Ukraine do not exist. While nationwide statistics are in general based on the census results, the majority of Roma – for reasons that should be clear from what follows – do not disclose their identity in census-taking which creates a serious obstacle for the production of reliable data. Roma in Ukraine face everyday discrimination and social exclusion. Available data, often collected by civil society organisations, indicate that many Romani communities in Ukraine live in conditions of extreme poverty, often in segregated settlements with little or no access to services such as the education system, health system and other essential services. A number of overarching issues and developments have an impact on the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights by Roma in Ukraine. These include the Strategy for the Protection and Integration of the Roma national minority into Ukrainian society up to 2020 and the National Action Plan on Roma Inclusion, both adopted in 2013 as well as recently-introduced anti-discrimination legislation. Other major issues of concerns also addressed in this submission are the lack of personal documents and the consequences thereof when trying to access essential services, the lack of comprehensive or reliable ethnic data, and particular obstacles faced by Roma in Ukraine in relation to accessing education and housing.
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