ANTIDISKRIMINACIJA. Mladi u borbi protiv Diskriminacije

Author(s): Mirela Selmanović,Snježana Ivandić Ninković,Božena Puljić / Language(s): Bosnian

Jednakost svih ljudi i zabrana diskriminacije jeste jedno od prava koja se garantiraju brojnim međunarodnim dokumentima. Shodno Dejtonskom mirovnom sporazumu, Bosna i Hercegovina je dužna primjenjivati ove najviše međunarodne standarde. Osim toga, kako se BiH nalazi u procesu priključivanja Evropskoj uniji, to je njena obaveza na primjenu ovih standarda veća, posebno kada je riječ o usklađivanju zakona sa zakonima EU. Međutim, svjedoci smo da je, bez obzira na sve obaveze koje je država preuzela, diskriminacija veoma široko rasprostranjena i bez adekvatnog odgovora države, tj. institucija odgovornih za provedbu Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije.

WRITTEN COMMENTS of the European Roma Rights Centre, Concerning Hungary (For Consideration by the Human Rights Committee 122nd session 12 March – 6 April 2018)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Articles 2, 23 (1), 24 (1)– Right to family and non-discrimination: Romani Children in State Care 3 Articles 2, 26, 27: Right to equal education: School segregation of Romani pupils 4 Articles 2, 26, 27: Harassment and differential treatment of Romani women at childbirth 6 Articles 2, 20, 26: Racial profiling of Roma: Discriminatory fining practices, discriminatory inspections and harassment of Roma by the Hungarian authorities 6

PARALLEL REPORT BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING THE CZECH REPUBLIC (To the Human Rights Council, within its Universal Periodic Review, for consideration at the 28th Session 6 – 17 November 2017)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC)1 submits this parallel report to highlight some key human rights concerns in the Czech Republic. The submission provides a factual base and recommendations on Roma for the key issues of education, forced and coercive sterilisation, and housing.

WRITTEN COMMENTS of the European Roma Rights Centre Concerning Serbia (For Consideration by the Human Rights Council, Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, of the 29th Session January–February 2018)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) submits this parallel report to the Council Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review reporting country-specific information on issues affecting Roma in Serbia that raise questions under the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR). The present report describes the current situation regarding serious human rights abuses of Roma in Serbia – school segregation, ethnic discrimination and lack of birth registration. The ERRC respectfully submits its written comments concerning Serbia for consideration by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) at its 29th working group session, which will be held from January to February 2018. The ERRC has undertaken regular monitoring of the human rights situation of Roma in Serbia and this report reflects the current priorities in our work in Serbia. According to current official estimates, Roma in Serbia make up approximately 2.05%2 of the total population or 147,604 Roma. This makes Roma the second largest minority after Hungarians. However, a verified and accurate count remains elusive. Unofficial sources suggest that the number of Roma in Serbia is significantly higher, ranging between 250,000 to 500,000. In addition to the autochthonous groups, an estimated to 50,000 Roma fled during and after the conflict in Kosovo to Serbia; only half of whom registered as internally displaced persons (IDPs). However, it is not known if all of them remained in Serbia or left for destinations in Western Europe. Furthermore, thousands of Roma have been returned to Serbia from Western European countries in the last years as failed asylum seekers; including Roma who were originally from Kosovo. Roma are the youngest ethnic group in Serbia. The average age is 27.5 years, compared to 40.2 years among the general Serbian population. According to UNICEF, the primary school completion rate for non-Roma children is 94.5% and the transition rate to secondary school is 96.5%, while for Roma children the primary school completion rate is considerably lower - 63%, while the numbers for secondary school for Roma youngsters is even lower - 55.5%. Illiteracy rates range between age groups from 13.7% amongst adolescents to 57.2% among the elderly. Romani women are extremely disadvantaged when it comes to education achievements; illiteracy is estimated to reach up to 80%.

LIST OF CRITICAL ISSUES BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING MONTENEGRO (For Consideration by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women at its 67th Pre-Sessional Working Group 21 to 25 November 2016)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This list of critical issues is presented by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) to assist the 67th PreSession Working Group with country specific information on issues affecting Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian women in relation to Montenegro. According to Montenegrin census data from 2011, 8,305 individuals indicated that they were Roma or Egyptians, out of which men make 51.1 percent and women make 48.8 percent. The Council of Europe estimates that there are 20,000 Roma (including Ashkali and Egyptians) in Montenegro.

WRITTEN SUBMISSION BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING ITALY (To the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for consideration at its 91st Session 21 November - 9 December 2016)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) is a Roma-led international public interest law organisation which monitors the human rights of Roma in Europe and provides legal defence in cases of human rights violations. The ERRC is deeply concerned at the lack of progress made by Italian authorities since CERD issued its concluding observations on Italy in 2012 with specific reference to the committee’s detailed recommendations concerning the situation of Roma and Sinti. The committee rebuked Italy for its targeted evictions, and its de facto segregation of Roma communities in poorly equipped camps. Italy was requested to provide effective remedies to Roma and Sinti for the negative impact of the emergency decrees, and to consult with these communities in the development of programs directed at them. No progress has been made with regards to this request, and the submission provides evidence that the situation has actually worsened. This submission also finds that CERD’s calls for stronger efforts to combat and punish both racist violence and pervasive hate speech directed at Roma, Sinti and non-citizens have yet to be adequately addressed.

WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE, CONCERNING ROMANIA (For Consideration by the Committee on the Rights of the Child at its Pre-session Working Group for the 75th Session 3-7 October 2016)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) respectfully submits a list of issues concerning Romania for consideration by the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) at its pre-sessional Working Group for the 75th Session, which will be held from 3rd to 7th October 2016. The ERRC has undertaken regular monitoring of the human rights situation of Roma in Romania and this list of issues reflects the current priorities in our work in Romania. According to current unofficial estimates, Roma in Romania make up approximately 9% of the population (approximately 1,850,000). However, a verified and accurate count remains elusive. According to the final results of the 2011 Census of the Population and Households published on 4 July 2013 by the National Statistics Institute, Romania had a total population of 20.12 million. Among the 18.88 million respondents who self-reported their ethnicity, 621,600 were Roma (3.3%, an increase from 2.46% in the 2002 census). Deeply entrenched anti-Roma attitudes can be vividly seen in the annual surveys carried out by the National Council for Combating Discrimination: in 20053 61% of respondents thought that Roma were a source of shame for Romania, while 52% of respondents went further to say that Roma should not be allowed to travel outside the country. These attitudes have not improved much: in 20134 48% of respondents said that they did not want a Romani work colleague, 41% would not want a Romani neighbour, and 38% would not want any Roma in their municipality. Public authorities are not insulated from these wide-spread and pernicious attitudes; in the absence of robust safeguards these attitudes may translate into violations of the Convention.

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) is an international public interest law organisation working to combat anti-Romani racism and human rights abuse of Roma through strategic litigation, research and policy development, advocacy and human rights education. In January 2016, the ERRC responded to the European Commission’s request for assessments of progress made by member states in implementing the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) in 2015.

WRITTEN COMMENTS of the European Roma Rights Centre, Concerning Macedonia (For Consideration by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at its 56th Session Pre-session working group 12-16 October 2015)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This list of critical issues with background information is presented by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) for consideration by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at its 56th Session (Presession working group 12 Oct- 16 Oct). It contains country-specific information on issues affecting Roma in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (hereinafter “Macedonia”) that raises questions under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereinafter “the ICESCR” or “the Covenant”). Macedonia has 2,022,547 inhabitants, of whom 53,879 (2.66%) have declared themselves to be Roma. However, the available unofficial estimate for Roma is 197,000 (9.56%). Roma live in 75 out of 85 municipalities across the country. According to official data, the majority of Roma live in the capital, Skopje (23,475), with 56% of Skopje’s Roma concentrated in the municipality of Šuto Orizari (13,342).

WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING MACEDONIA (for consideration by the United Nations Committee Against Torture, at its 54th Session 20 April to 15 May 2015)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) respectfully submits these written comments concerning the Republic of Macedonia for consideration by the Committee Against Torture at its 54th Session (20 Apr - 15 May). The Republic of Macedonia has 2,022,547 inhabitants, of whom 53,879 (2.66%) have declared themselves Roma. However, as elsewhere in the region, the actual number of Roma is much higher than the official figure; various sources and research suggest that the number of Roma is between 150,000 and 260,000, with one unofficial study placing the number at 135,490 (6.77%). Roma live in 75 out of 85 municipalities across the country. According to official data, the majority of Roma live in Skopje (23,475), with 56% of them concentrated in the municipality of Šuto Orizari (13,342).

PARALLEL REPORT BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING FRANCE (To the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for consideration at the 86th Session 27 April to 15 May 2015)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) submits this parallel report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for consideration at the 86th session (27 April to 15 May 2015). This report highlights some of the key human rights concerns for Roma in France.

Written Comments of the European Roma Rights Centre Concerning Macedonia (For Consideration by the Human Rights Committee at its 112th Session 7-31 October 2014).

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This list of critical issues with background information is presented by the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) for consideration by the Human Rights Committee at its 112th Session (07-31 Oct 2014). It contains country-specific information on issues affecting Roma in Macedonia that raise questions under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The Republic of Macedonia has 2,022,547 inhabitants, of whom 53,879 (2.66%) have declared themselves Roma. However, as elsewhere in the region, the actual number of Roma is much higher than the official figure; the available unofficial estimate for Roma is 135,490 (6.77%). Roma live in 75 out of 85 municipalities across the country. According to official data, the majority of Roma live in the capital, Skopje (23,475), with 56% of Skopje’s Roma concentrated in the municipality of Šuto Orizari (13,342).

WRITTEN COMMENTS BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING SERBIA (Regarding EU Accession Progress for Consideration by the European Commission during its 2014 Review)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

1. Anti-Discrimination 2. Education 3. Housing and Forced Evictions 4. Anti-Roma Violence

SITUACIONO TESTIRANJE DISKRIMINACIJE - PRIRUČNIK ZA AKTIVISTE/KINJE

Author(s): Jovana Vuković / Language(s): Bosnian

Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije1 koji je donesen 2009. godine u normativnom smislu predstavlja krovni korpus pravnih pravila bosanskohercegovačkog antidiskriminacijskog zakonodavstva. Međutim, dosadašnja praksa je pokazala da je u velikom broju slučajeva bilo teško razotkriti i dokazati diskriminatorno ponašanje, posebno imajući u vidu prirodu i vrstu same diskriminacije. Izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije2 u julu 2016. godine u članu 15, dodati su stavovi koji uvode situaciono testiranje kao metodu u procesu dokazivanja vjerovatnosti diskriminacije; odnosno mogućnost da svjedok u postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije bude i osoba koja se svjesno izložila diskriminaciji kako bi provjerila primjenu pravila o zabrani diskriminacije (član 15. stav 4). Stav (5) predviđa da je lice iz stava (4) ovog člana dužno obavijestiti ombudsmene za ljudska prava Bosne i Hercegovine o namjeravanoj radnji, osim ako okolnosti to ne dozvoljavaju, kao i o preduzetoj radnji izvijestiti ombudsmena u pismenom obliku. Stav (6) daje mogućnost da sud može lice iz stava (4) ovog člana saslušati kao svjedoka dok stav (7) regulira mogućnost da lice iz stava (4) može podnijeti tužbu iz člana 12. stav (1) tač. a), b) i d) ovog zakona u konkretnom slučaju diskriminacije. Omogućavajući dobrovoljnim ispitivačima diskriminacije da podnesu tužbu za zaštitu od diskriminacije eliminisane su dvojbe o dozvoljenosti upotrebe ove tehnike koja može biti veoma korisna u sudskoj praksi. Međutim, samo uvođenje situacionog testiranja kao metode u procesu dokazivanja diskriminacije neće dovesti do željenog cilja ukoliko se ne uspije realizovati njena dosljedna i efikasna primjena. U realizaciji ovog zadatka velika odgovornost je na organizacijama civilnog društva koje se bave zaštitom od diskriminacije, ali i građanima koji bi trebali da poznaju i ispravno primjenjuju situaciono testiranje. Sa druge strane, sudovi će i dalje imati jednu od najznačajnijih uloga kada se govori o primjeni ove metode. Vjerujemo da bi prihvaćanjem nalaza situacionog testiranja od strane sudova, kao dokaza u sudskom procesu, bila bi omogućena efikasnija pravna zaštita od diskriminacije. Zbog toga želimo da priručnik za situaciono testiranje, osim što će pružiti informacije o samoj metodi i načinu njene primjene, inicira saradnju između profesionalne pravosudne zajednice i organizacija civilnog društva u borbi protiv diskriminacije.

Pregled prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava u odnosu na Republiku Hrvatsku (1997–2018)

Author(s): Nikolina Katić,Morana Briški,Matea Bašić / Language(s): Croatian

Croatia has been a party before the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter: the Court) since 1997. During this period, the Court has developed extensive jurisprudence in respect of Croatia, examining a range of issues concerning various human rights guaranteed under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter: the Convention). Croatian experiences before the Court and the Committee of Ministers in the execution of the Court's judgments finding violations of the Convention may be of particular use to Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the legal systems of both countries have the same origins and to a large extent still rely on the same underlying legal principles. This paper thus provides a comprehensive overview of the Court's most important judgments and decisions in respect of Croatia in both the civil and criminal field, beneficial for ensuring the development of Convention compliant case-law, and efficient execution of similar judgments of the Court against Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Analýza české právní úpravy osvojení dítěte gayi, lesbami a bisexuálními lidmi ve světle práva Evropské unie a Evropské úmluvy o lidských právech a základních svobodách

Author(s): Jan Wintr / Language(s): Czech

Age diversity and age discrimination in the Czech Republic: overview

Author(s): Klára Cozlová / Language(s): English

In the Czech Republic, 45 - 65 years old people comprise over a quarter of the entire population and their employment plays a key role in the country’s economy. The data presented here is based on the official national statistics, which are typically classified by age. Unfortunately, the age categories are not consistent across all types of data. In comparison to the EU, the employment intensity in the Czech Republic is slightly higher than average. The employment rate of the working age cohort 15 - 64 years was 65.2 % (as of 2009). The employment rate of 20-64 years old was 70.7% (while the average rate in the EU was 68.8 %). [...]

Career - Family - Equal Opportunities

Author(s): Věra Kuchařová,Štěpán Jurajda,Daniel Münich,Kateřina Machovcová,Sylva Ettlerová,Olga Nešporová,Kamila Svobodová,Kateřina Machovcová / Language(s): English

Dear reader, The following pages provide the results of various studies concerning the position of women and men in the Czech labour market. The analyses were carried out as a part of the EU Equal project “Fifty - fifty: Equal Opportunities for Women and Men” coordinated by Gender Studies, o.p.s, and co-financed by the EU European Social Fund and the Czech Republic state budget. Each study focuses on a topic that had received very modest coverage in earlier research or had not been explored at all. The first paper is a summary of qualitative and quantitative studies carried out by the Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs team headed by Věra Kuchařová. The team’s objective was to find out the possibilities parents have in juggling childcare and work responsibilities and the potential constraints or sources of discrimination that can make the parents’ situation difficult. They looked at the issue from both the mothers’ perspective and that of the employers. The main focus was on finding out to what extent the parents draw their sick child leave and claim their maternity/parental leave entitlement, which are the basic measures enabling parents to balance their personal and professional lives. One of the main findings is the fact that the facilities allowing people to balance their personal and professional lives are used much less in the Czech Republic than in the vast majority of western countries. In the Czech Republic, the range of the flexible work arrangement possibilities used is narrower and can usually be summed up in three options: reduced working hours, part-time work and flexible working hours. However, they are usually not offered systematically, they do not fall within internal company guidelines and are used solely on an individual agreement basis. In the Czech Republic, it is still mostly women who take parental leave to provide care for children and ensure other forms of full-time childcare. It is rather exceptional to see a father on parental leave, with men representing about 1% of all persons drawing the parental benefit. The reason can be financial (as men have statistically higher salaries), but it can also lie in the unsupportive attitude on the part of the employers who expect that the working hours arrangement facilities should be primarily used by women. [...]

Kariéra – rodina – rovné příležitosti: Výzkumy postavení žen a mužů na trhu práce

Author(s): Štěpán Jurajda,Věra Kuchařová,Kateřina Machovcová,Sylva Ettlerová,Olga Nešporová,Kamila Svobodová,Daniel Münich,Kateřina Machovcová / Language(s): Czech

Priručnik za državne službenike, civilno društvo i medije za prepoznavanje i postupanje u slučajevima diskriminacije

Author(s): Branislava Crnčević,Jasminka Džumhur,Lejla Hadžimešić,Ivanka Taraba,Aldin Arnautović,Inela Hadžić,Nermin Hanjalić / Language(s): Bosnian

Princip ravnopravnosti i zabrane diskriminacije sadržan je u svim međunarodnim sporazumima o ljudskim pravima. Povelja Ujedinjenih nacija obavezuje sve članice na “poštivanje ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda za sve, bez razlikovanja rase, spola, jezika ili vjere”. Također, Univerzalna deklaracija o ljudskim pravima garantuje svim ljudima slobodu i jednakost u dostojanstvu i pravima, bez obzira na “bilo kakvu razliku kao što je rasa, boja kože, spol, jezik, vjera, političko ili neko drugo uvjerenje, nacionalno ili društveno porijeklo, imovina, rođenje ili neki drugi status”. Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH), Ustav Republike Srpske (RS), Ustav Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) i Statut Brčko distrikta Bosne i Hercegovine (BD BiH) sadrže odredbe o zabrani diskriminacije. Dodatno, Ustavom BiH je zagarantovana direktna primjena Evropske konvencije o zaštiti ljudskih prava i njenih protokola u BiH, te je utvrđen njihov prioritet nad svim ostalim zakonima. Pored toga, Aneksom I na Ustav navedeno je dodatnih 15 međunarodnih dokumenata, među kojima su i Međunarodni pakt o ekonomskim, socijalnim i kulturnim pravima, Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije nad ženama, kao Konvencija o pravima djeteta. [...]