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Człowiek w przestrzeni „pomiędzy” – rozważania o spotkaniu z Innym jako edukacyjnej sytuacji

Author(s): Monika Adamska-Staroń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2013

The otherness and difference became not only a fact of everyday life, but also a source of continuous, of mutual understanding, a source of of new knowledge about man and the world. From the course and the quality of the meetings with the Other, the attitudes towards the Other depends the atmosphere of the world in which we live. Entering man to the world of Other seems to be the action needed, invaluable for learning the acceptance of diversity, difference, otherness. About the merits of fostering sensitivity to difference, otherness, the search for new ways of working with other people showing both observations of modern society, increasing its diversity, the diversity of ourselves, but just conflicts that have their origin in a misunderstanding of the difference, otherness.

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Męskość i kobiecość jako dwa sposoby realizacji człowieczeństwa

Author(s): Dorota Skrocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Since the moment a human being is born, thanks to the genetic code it obtains a male or a female sex. However, despite of unambiguous differences as far as biological sex is concerned its cultural aspect is no longer that obvious for contemporary researchers. The fact that we are not born as a hermaphrodite or sexless human figure allows us to assume that a dualism noticeable with regard to biological sex has its consequences in individual differences related to e.g. traits of character. We ought to try to understand the idea of masculinity and femininity, with regard to sex perceived as a broaden concept than the one appearing in jokes or social allusions. Its consequences are noticeable in the way children are being brought up, in various relations between a man and a woman, or even in legal decisions.

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About the System of Prejudices among the Hungarian Youth in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, and Ukraine

Author(s): Andrea Sólyom / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2020

This study is focused on the relationship between the youth and other social groups based on the data of the GeneZYs 2019 study. The study asked 15–29-year-olds from four countries regarding how appealing or unappealing they feel 24 different social groups. Research results show that several social groups, e.g., homosexuals, migrants/refugees, skinheads, drug users, are especially perceived as relatively repulsive/distasteful by the youth of the studied countries. Starting from theoretical and empirical antecedents, the author presumed that the low level of openness among the youth could be explained by several factors such as socio-demographic background, religiosity, value orientation, and sources of information. Based on empirical results, the author takes an analytical approach on the population under study. The goal of the study is to exceed the level of a partial analysis and to explore a typology while redefining the relationship between the motivation factors of prejudices. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. Compared to the author’s expectations, the typology of young people based on their attitudes towards otherness seems to be harder to explain. Three groups were identified: a smaller one which feels others being appealing, a larger one with a neutral attitude towards others and which sympathizes less with Hungarian groups than the average, and a medium-sized third group which dislikes otherness. From the characterization of the groups, one can discover that among those who dislike otherness, the overrepresented categories are: men, young people from rural areas, those who finished secondary education level, those economically active, young people from Ukraine, atheists, those who did not study abroad, people who suffered from discrimination experiences, young people with regional Hungarian and/or Hungarian identity, people who are not satisfied with the national economy and interethnic relations, and those who see the future in a pessimistic way.

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Z pražské 12. mezinárodní konference Evropské sociologické asociace

Author(s): Olga Nešporová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2015

At the end of the summer holiday period (25 to 28 August 2015), Prague hosted almost three and a half thousand sociologists from Europe as well as other parts of the world on the occasion of the twelfth biannual conference of the European Sociological Association (ESA). The main theme of the conference "differences, inequalities and sociological imagination" urged participants to closely monitor socially important and topical issues.

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Postrzeganie determinant rozwoju startupu przez przedstawicieli pokolenia Z w Polsce

Author(s): Wiesław Łukasiński,Angelika Nigbor-Drożdż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 71/2022

The aim of the article is to identify the determinants of the development of startups perceived by representatives of generation Z in Poland. It is important to obtain an answer to the research question: what determines the development of startups to the greatest extent? The goal was achieved through a review of the literature, conducting a survey on a group of 500 members of generation Z, i.e. people entering the labour market, who are most prone to setting up startups, and analysing the results obtained.Based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, an attempt was made to identify the determinants of startup success. Based on this, a questionnaire was created, which was used in to gather data. The survey was conducted in May–December 2021 via the Internet. The respondents indicated that new technologies and the method of financing determine the development of a startup to the greatest extent. It is also important that the respondents noticed that competences are the key to being able to develop a startup, perceiving intellectual capital as an important determinant of its success. In addition, they identified a large impact of cooperation with corporations on the dynamic development of a startup.The startup is part of the 4.0 era by providing an innovative product to the market. Nevertheless, its success depends on the competencies of the organisation, determining the development of a scalable business model. Startups develop in a dynamically changing environment, so they must be able to effectively use emerging opportunities and avoid threats.

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Wolontariat koleżeński jako forma wsparcia psychospołecznego osób w spektrum autyzmu – przykład programu wolontariat koleżeński „Mary i Max”

Author(s): Bożena Chrostowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2022

The growing number of people diagnosed with the autism spectrum disorder in Poland and the problems they experience in everyday life and/or in the access to the support systems make it important to consider looking for additional solutions in order to help them. A noteworthy solution, successfully implemented in Great Britain, are the befriending, mentoring volunteering programs that function there as a standard of help to autistic people. In Poland, those forms of volunteering are still unpopular and such volunteering is rarely used. There are also few studies on this subject. The aim of the article is therefore to fill the gap in that matter. It will discuss the assumptions, the methods of organization and forms of this type of support based on the example of the “Mary and Max” Peer Volunteering Program, which has been implemented in Poland for several years by the Association of Social Innovations “Mary and Max”. The article will also analyse the potential, limitations and effectiveness of befriending as a form of support for people with autism spectrum.

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Caste and Migration: Insights from Study of Migrant Men from Rural Uttar Pradesh

Author(s): Ruchi Singh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In its own particular way, India is a tremendously diverse nation. In a nation like India, where villages are frequently separated into caste-based parts, the caste system plays a very important role. Despite having achieved independence for such a long time, caste continues to play a significant role in shaping power dynamics, access to material resources, and even employment possibilities in rural India. Scholars have long been interested in the significance of caste in rural India, and numerous attempts have been made to comprehend the function of the caste system and its connections to migration. However, there hasn't been much research done in Uttar Pradesh, despite being the state with the highest male out-migration rate. Caste and male migration from rural Uttar Pradesh have received little research. In light of this context, the study will make an effort to comprehend the relationship between caste and migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. To meet the objective, a primary survey of 150 households in Azamgarh, the district with the highest male out-migration, was conducted. Data analysis and presentation have been done using simple statistical methods. Study found that male migrants from the village's higher castes tend to have advanced degrees and work mostly in skilled occupations. Caste affiliation frequently affects the availability of economic opportunities in rural Uttar Pradesh. More agricultural and non-farm possibilities must be created in the state's rural areas in order to close this gap. The MNREGA should be implemented well since it will be a significant step toward equal accessibility to all work possibilities. Giving the lower class of the village vocational and educational training needs to be prioritized more. Another intriguing finding of the study is that a considerable degree of educational attainment is supporting the reduction of disparities among different castes.

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The Impact of International Remittances on Poverty: Evidence From The Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries

Author(s): Boutaina Ismaili Idrissi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Workers Remittances represent an important source of financing for recipient countries to the extent that it exceeds sometimes foreign direct investment (FDI) flows (Sirkeci, Ratha, Cohen, 2012). International remittances flowing into developing economies has gained an increasing importance regarding the volume of these flows, their importance for the financial sector as well as their overall impact at the economic and social levels. Based upon a review of theoretical and empirical literature, this paper uses an econometric model based on the basic growth poverty model suggested by (Ravallion, 1997) and (Ravallion & Chen, 1997) accompanied by the frameworks postulated by (Adams & Page, 2005) to assess the impact of remittances in terms of reducing the level of poverty. It is based on panel data of eight Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMEC) (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and West bank and Gaza) over the period 2000-2018. In most of these countries, remittances represent the largest foreign exchange earnings and represent an average of 8% of GDP. The results suggest that remittances have a positive impact on growth and therefore contribute through income to poverty reduction. This impact becomes significant as the level of remittances relative to GDP increases.

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Egy hagyományos iparág átalakulásának humán dimenziói: a magyar könnyűipar esete

Author(s): Ernő Molnár,Márk Mészáros,Csongor Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The Hungarian textile, clothing, leather and footwear (TCLF) industry integrated into international production networks in a semi-peripheral position is shrinking. However, its upgrading processes and generational change result in a huge labour shortage constituting a great challenge because of the moderate interest in TCLF professions and the decline of institutions serving the (re)production of industry-specific knowledge and skills. In our article, we present the structural and spatial characteristics of the sector determining its human resource needs as well as – based on our recent field research – the human strategies of TCLF firms constrained by the local conditions. In the discussion, we interpret our results in the framework of the GPN concept. According to our main conclusion, a long-run (successful) participation in GPNs and the appropriate human resource supply are conditions for each other.

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Inequality Concerns, Social Location, and Perception of Opportunities for Social Advancement: Czechia and Slovakia in a Comparative Perspective

Author(s): Miloslav Bahna,Oľga Gyárfášová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The analytical puzzle of this study is straightforward: how do people’s concerns about inequality and social location affect their beliefs about the opportunities for advancement? This study compares Czechia and Slovakia, two states with very low objective levels of inequality but quite different levels of concern about it. In both countries, social welfare expectations derive from the state-run economy in the pre-1989 period. However, in Slovakia the economic changes caused social difficulties and considerable discontent, whereas Czech society demonstrated more free-market friendly attitudes, and the perception of social inequalities was less critical. Based on the ISSP data we analyze what factors are seen as important for “getting ahead” and whether perceptions of inequality and social location reflect meritocratic beliefs or their opposite—corrupt advancement strategies. While there is a stronger feeling in Slovakia that corrupt strategies are necessary in Slovakia, in both societies preferences in regard to strategies for social advancement are better explained by socioeconomic position than by attitudes toward inequalities.

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Rodzina z pominiętym pokoleniem: doświadczenia życiowe dziadków wychowujących wnuki

Author(s): Joanna Borowik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Aim: In the last decade, many countries around the world have seen an increase in the number of skip-generation families in which grandparents take over the responsibility of raising grandchildren. The phenomenon described is also becoming more common in Poland. This article presents selected results of a study aimed at better understanding the experiences of grandparents raising grandchildren in skipped generation families. Methods: Participants were purposively selected from grandparents raising grandchildren living in skipped generation families in the Podlaskie Province. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 participants. The use of a biographical perspective in the research provided detailed narratives of the life experiences of older grandparents in skip generation families. Results and conclusions: The grandparents’ stories show the duality of experience consisting simultaneously of stress/satisfaction, sadness/joy, being seen/not seen. Addressing the issues faced by grandparents living in households with the skipped generation is important as it can reduce stress levels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model of support for grandparents raising grandchildren in skipped generation households which could be relevant for adapting to a new life situation and increasing psychological well-being.

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Rural Landscapes and Affective Encounters in Radu Muntean’s Film, Întregalde

Author(s): Katalin Sándor / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2023

The paper discusses Radu Muntean 2021 film, Întregalde focusing on the representation of rural landscapes and the encounter between different social classes. The film marks multiple displacements within the director’s oeuvre, epitomized as “the chronicler” of the middle class in contemporary Romanian cinema. The spatial displacement from middle class urban spaces towards mountain and rural areas and the shift from the distant picturesqueness of landscape to the experience of landscape as dwelling, as inhabited and sensed environment mediated through textural images enables unsettling embodied, affective encounters both with the natural environment and between different social classes. In this way, the film addresses the question of class differences and lays bare the socio-economic inequalities between the urban middle class and the countryside without reducing rural characters to clichéd figurants in a picturesque or sombre countryside decorum. The film’s critical reflection on a form of occasional humanitarian aid and middle class philanthropy does not relativize the concept of charity, altruism and help but rather points to the growing gap of social inequalities (and the crisis of care) in the context of contemporary capitalism.

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Részvételi kutatás szociális kérdésekről: gyakorlati tapasztalatok a hajléktalanság területéről

Author(s): Katalin Gyöngyösi,Gyula Balog,Márta Erdőhegyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

This article is an account of our practical research and cooperation experience from a participatory research project on homelessness and psychosocial disability carried out in a Hungarian university context, by a student and two experts by experience in a researcher role. We argue for the involvement of disadvantaged people using social services in research related to disadvantaged people and social services, highlighting the advantages and challenges of this kind of research based on our experience. Finally, we formulate practical recommendations that migh be useful for beginners – like we used to be – in participatory research in this field.

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Marginalizált társadalmi csoportok láthatósága kapcsolathálózati szempontból

Author(s): László Vida / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

The study examines the segregation of different marginalized social groups – ex-prisoners, gypsies, gays and lesbians, homeless people – and their visibility in society. Using a size generator network method, the study builds negative binomial models to compare the segregation of marginalized groups within a representative sample of 1000 people. The alpha value in these models indicates the level of overdispersion. According to the results, the level of segregation varies between the overall network and the trust network. Specifically, the level of segregation for gypsies is the lowest in the overall network, whereas in the trust network, it is the lowest for gays/lesbians. The segregation of homeless people is extremely high, which is due to the fact that they are confined to their own space. Individuals with low education, belonging to lower classes, living in villages have the smallest network size. However, they have the highest number of marginalized social group members. A smaller network is associated with lower levels of peer support. The lack of weak bonds makes the social network homophilic and „island-like” social exlusions are formed where poverty and vulnerability are typical.

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SENIOR CITIZENS’ COUNCILS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN POLAND

Author(s): Monika Klimowicz,Michał Kubiak / Language(s): English Issue: 99/2023

The aim of the article is to present senior citizens’ councils in Poland in the context of the functions they fulfil in the design and implementation of public policies at the local level. The article presents the results of a pilot study on the activities of municipal senior citizens’ councils in Poland. The theoretical background for the conducted research is public governance as a process of making decisions on activities relevant to local communities. In this approach, the governance method was used to extend the catalogue of actors involved in this process. Senior citizens’ councils are institutionalised advisory, consultative and initiative bodies involved in the governance process.

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A critical analysis of the recruitment and experiences of overseas Zimbabwean social workers in the UK

Author(s): Crisford Chogugudza / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This paper presents a critical analysis of the recruitment, living and working experiences of overseas Zimbabwean social workers in UK since the late 90s to date, the general context of social work in terms of staff shortage, migration issues and the recruitment of overseas social workers in UK in general and in particular, those from Zimbabwe. The paper also highlights in more specific and general terms the experiences encountered by overseas Zimbabwean social workers in the UK. There is also focus on the social workers’ resilience and determination to succeed in a foreign land, which helped them to adjust to the new environment and deal effectively with the professional and personal challenges they encountered. These include understanding children’s social care system in UK, racism, discrimination and problems associated with their assimilation into the wider British society. The paper also highlights the fact that overseas social workers found crossing international borders to practice social work was not as easy as initially anticipated given the context specific nature of social work in the UK. The above was cited as one of the significant challenges faced by overseas Zimbabwean social workers in England. Their experiences, which were largely of a professional and social nature, were found to be varied and diverse, consistent with the forces of globalisation and social workers’ migration trajectories. Their experiences help to shape policy making in future as well as help in conducting further research on their experiences and kindred issues.

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The chromatic norm image: skin color as mathematically significant somatic trait

Author(s): Ronald E Hall / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

In consideration of race and other somatic traits Hoetink coined the terms “somatic norm image.” As per somatic norm image the dominant race and its associated features are the standard ideal. Notwithstanding difficulty, the racial classification of human populations is ascertained by the assessment of somatic attributes: primarily skin color. In a Hispanic context, dark-skinned, non-Caucasian people have been no less susceptible to the idealization of light skin than light-skinned Caucasians. More germane to the dynamics of human social interaction and its corresponding behavior is the heretofore non-existing reference to the chromatic norm image defined by skin color. The prevailing challenge for the academy is then to construct a mechanism to process the dynamics of a new era.

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OGLĄDANIE FILMÓW Z PERSPEKTYWY PODZIAŁÓW KLASOWYCH

Author(s): Henryk Domański,Dariusz Przybysz,Katarzyna M. Wyrzykowska,Kinga Zawadzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

In this article we explore empirically how taste for films relates to social class, i.e., how preferences for particular films depend on patterns apparent in other dimensions of lifestyle. Drawing on a survey of cultural activity in Poland (n = 2007) carried out in 2019, we test three hypotheses concerning: (i) the effect of social class on film tastes, (ii) the homology of (or the correspondence between) the space of cultural goods and the space of social positions, and (iii) to what extent preferences for films relate to participation in other dimensions of cultural activity. the results show that tastes for films are weakly connected with class divisions. this is in line with the quasi-homology explanation, which holds that the effect of class position is negligible. as regards links between liking film and genres in other areas of culture we find that preferences for films transfer mostly to watching tV series. they are weakly connected to reading books, liking classical music, or going to the theatre. taken together, our findings suggest that watching films has not, up until this point, contributed strongly to the consolidation of class structure in Poland.

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The Culture of Poverty in Warsaw District of Praga

Author(s): Beata Leska / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (20)/2022

This article presents a study of the urban culture of poverty conducted between 2019 and 2021 in Warsaw’s Praga district, culminating in a PhD thesis written at the Maria Grzegorzewska University (APS). The research conducted provides a better understanding of how the persistence of the culture of poverty, a kind of social “disability” and, at the same time, a social necessity, is sustained. It points to problems in the relationship between respondents and their social environment, as well as to mechanisms of marginalisation and self-exclusion. The article consists of three parts. The first presents the concept of the culture of poverty, the second presents the form and conduct of the research, and the third presents the research results and conclusions.

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The Housing and Living Arrangement Situation of People with Disabilities in Hungary: Regime Characteristics and Individualized Risks

Author(s): Ábel Csathó,Ágnes Kozma,Gábor Petri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Our study explores the housing situation of people with disabilities based on life course interviews. Although the focus is mainly on present housing issues and challenges, this is set in a longitudinal perspective highlighting the legacies from the socialist period onwards. The study distinguishes three social policy regimes: the state-socialist, the liberal and the illiberal ones, which, on the one hand had different ideas about disability, while on the other hand, applied different housing policies. Results suggest that the housing of people with disabilities depends on a number of aspects which cannot be controlled by our interviewees. Based on the interviews, we identified three key areas which play an especially important role in shaping the housing opportunities of people with disabilities. These are the resources and motivations of the family of origin; the geographic location of the residence; and institution managers, care-workers, roommates around them.

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