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The Student Movement in Macedonia 2014-2016

Author(s): Lura Pollozhani / Language(s): English Issue: 05-06/2016

The university student movement in Macedonia presented a change in the context of the country’s societal and political space. It started in late 2014 and several other movements subsequently followed. However, it was the university student movement which set some modular forms of contention that were later replicated by other movements. What does the student movement tell us about youth participation and contention in Macedonia? What is the vision that students have of their society? How do they perceive their role within it? The article aims to analyze how agency was constructed through the student protests which enabled the development of a new collective identity and the articulation of the role of students through various forms of contention. The paper examines the university student movement in Skopje between 2014 and 2016 and analyzes the forms of contention that were employed and what purpose they served. It examines the effects and the meaning of the student movement, namely the reclamation of agency by young people, their vision of society and their newly established identity as students.

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Мудрость толпы: дискурсивные стратегии и нарративы

Author(s): Yury Mikhailovich Voronov,Tatyana Venediktovna Erova,Anna Sergeyevna Rozhkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

The review of modern discourse strategies and narratives about collective intelligence in digital society is presented in the article. Optimistic and pessimistic forecasts of development of network society are considered. Such new social phenomena as «digital crowd», «professional amateurism», «precariatization», «post crowd-sourcing technologies» are discussed. It is shown that modern disputes revive both the liberal and critical discourse about mass society. «The wisdom of crowd» is defined as the special type of rationality which is implemented under certain conditions. In projects of the third millennium ideas of society of knowledge, creative economy, technological revolution, digital services, etc. are formed. Many researchers consider intelligentsia as drivers of these public processes. The purpose of the present article is the comparative analysis of modern discourse practices and narratives explaining the occurring innovations in social space of network society. Theoretical and methodological bases of work are implanted in classical heritage of domestic and western traditions of philosophical thought. The leading principles of a research are integrative and reflexive arrangements of social philosophy, cross-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary synthesis. Tools of conceptual modeling, a discourse analysis, and comparative methods are used. The conducted research leads to the following conclusions: — the futurological foreshortening of the analysis of discourse strategies and narratives on problems of formation of network society, wise crowd, collective intelligence has no uniform dominant. Social optimism competes with pessimistic forecasts; — metaphorical expression «the wisdom of crowds» appeared in a double polemic context: as denial of traditional ideas of irrational behavior of crowd, its madness, and as opposition to modern crowd phobias, critics of digital culture and mass society; — radical change of a foreshortening allocates weight with absolutely different characteristics. The crowd is reasonable and wise as it has «outstanding collective intelligence and is capable to produce decisions which are much more acute than conclusions of the cleverest participants».

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RESOURCES FOR EDUCATION: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Author(s): Simona Eftimie / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Empirical observations made during class inspections (in multi-ethnic classrooms) have made us to reflect to the following idea: classroom cultural diversity is an impediment or a favorable factor, an educational resource for teachers and student? This paper is analyzing the impact of cultural diversity in classroom, family, society and the attitude of teachers, pupils, parents and society toward this issue and proposes to demonstrate the necessity of education for accepting the role of cultural diversity in education in contemporary society and in developing our own identity.

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The "Overton Window" as Manipulative Mechanism of Public Values Transformation

Author(s): Oleksandr Valentinovich Karpenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of the article is the implementation of the scientific and theoretical substantiation of the "Overton Window" concept as a method of applying manipulative technologies on the mass consciousness influence in order to change public values. Methodology. The research uses general scientific and special methods, in particular: inductive and deductive method, the method of analysis and synthesis, dialectic method, system, and structural-functional analysis, the method of empirical data ranking. Scientific novelty is to prove the universality of the Overton Window as a model of policy change in the process of interaction between its producers ("society ↔ authority"), in which: the choice of alternatives to socially-oriented administrative decisions of stakeholders (officeholder) takes place under the influence of public opinion in order to provide electoral support to the target audience (direct impact of the impact of "society → authority"); The choice of alternatives to managerial decisions is made by stakeholders (office managers) independently, influencing society (creating the necessary or changing the existing attitude of target audiences), in particular through manipulation with the conscious and unconscious (the reverse effect of influence: "society authority"). Conclusions. As a result of the research, the danger of the ―Overton Window concept used for the transformation of public values in Ukraine has been proved and practical recommendations for protecting the mass consciousness from the manipulative technologies influence have been suggested.

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Wykorzystanie wiedzy e–konsumentów w zarządzaniu procesami innowacyjnymi

Author(s): Aleksandra Radziszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5.2/2015

The paper presents a concept of Open Innovation as a new paradigm of innovation management. The aim of the article is to present current models of open innovations based on the knowledge of the Internet societies based on the wisdom of crowds. The paper refers to the challenges in customers’ knowledge management resulting from growing importance of network and virtual communities, where consumer is perceived as a value co–creator and innovation source. Special attention has been paid to prosumption on virtual market. Prosumption is related with series of recent social changes, especially those associated with the internet, Web 2.0 and electronic business. Prosumption gives an opportunity to continuously creating innovative ideas and achieve higher profits by reducing costs for research and development and also to building a community of users. It's also a chance for greater success of innovation, because it directly customers define needs. Consumers become increasingly involved in the process of creating products and services, which to a certain point was the domain of companies and professionals. Enterprises are increasingly using the potential of consumers’ knowledge to build competitive advantage. The paper shows the possibilities offered by the crowdsourcing in the search for creative solutions to different business problems, new products, ideas and innovation.

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Perceiving Risk of Automobile Drivers on Mobile Phone Usage While Driving in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Author(s): Hope Oyemami Olumami,Thomas Kolawole Ojo,Dickson Okoree Mireku / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The cross sectional study of perceived risk of automobile drivers using mobile phone while driving was carried using 250 questionnaires on habits and experience of automobile drivers in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. The questionnaires were served through purposive random sampling technique at mechanic workshops in the metropolis. This was supported with the use of secondary data from FRSC, journals and unpublished thesis. The analysis of the data revealed that, majority of the respondents do not whether partially or totally make or receive calls, send or read text messages, switch off or use cell phones in traffic. A further analysis showed that, a higher percentage of the respondents had not experienced road traffic accidents and run a stop sign, as a result of using mobile phone while driving. But most of the respondents had experienced slower reaction time to traffic signs and objects and lost control from using mobile phone while driving.

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Social masses and mass societies – similarities and differences

Author(s): Vladan P. Stanković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2020

The topic of this scientific work is social masses and the mass society. The subject of research will be reduced to the definition of the notions of “social mass” and “mass society” and finding similarities and differences between them. The author starts from the initial assumption that social masses and mass societies are two similar, but also quite different notions. The following methods were used in the paper: observation, content analysis, developmental method, structural approach, comparative method, analytical approach etc. The scientific justification of the research derives from the establishment of similarities and differences between these two notions, which makes a significant contribution to the construction of the Sociology of the Masses as one of the scientific disciplines of Sociology. The social reach of the research is founded on questioning social masses and the power of the impact of the mass society on contemporary social trends.

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Media w czasach postprawdy

Author(s): Ewa Buczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 680/2020

Rozwój techniki nie pozostawia złudzeń – w kontakcie z mediami nie powinniśmy nadmiernie ufać dziś nawet własnym zmysłom. To, co widzimy na własne oczy i co słyszymy na własne uszy, wcale nie musi być prawdą. Na szczęście w dalszym ciągu wiele zależy od naszego zdrowego rozsądku.

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Pavlaković, Vjeran, and Davor Pauković, eds. 2019. Framing the Nation and Collective Identities: Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Traumas in Croatia. Routledge, 246 pp

Author(s): Ana Rudan Marjanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Review of the book "Framing the Nation and Collective Identities: Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Traumas in Croatia" by Vjeran Pavlaković and Davor Pauković

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THE LENS, FRAMES AND PATTERNS OF UKRAINIANS: HOW PERCEPTION OF THREAT AND RISK DETERMINES BEHAVIOUR IN THE COVID-19 SITUATION

Author(s): Maryna Klimanska,Larysa Klymanska,Inna Haletska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Aim/Thesis. Identification and construction of the typology of individual ideas about the perception of the risk posed by COVID-19 and potential impact of individual ideas on behavioural human intentions. Risk perception is viewed as a social construct.Concept/Methods. The subject matter of analysis consists of 91 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). On the basis of categories identified through thematic analysis a frame was created, through which an individual perceives the threat posed by COVID-19, while configuration of different subcategories shaped up four types of perception, used for data categorization. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results enabled to outline the very structure of frame for the assessment of the risk posed by COVID-19, it including seven categories, as well as to outline several typical frames in risk perception, which are traced in the informants’ conscience and are manifested in the intentions of behavioural responses to threat, viz.: potential danger (virtual risk); risk as a potential threat; uncertain risk; risk as a real threat. Research restrictions. The restrictions in the research done include impossibility of regulating the selection of informants, since interviews were conducted in the quarantine conditions, therefore the choice of informants was made within the reach. Practical application. Clarification of risk perception in the conditions of pandemic may enable health care representatives to more efficiently communicate with the public. Originality/Cognitive value. The research was done in the quarantine period, thus it reflects real worries and opinions of informants under the threat of COVID-19. Implementation of the research using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of risk perception. Conclusions: Typology of ideas, frames about risk in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic requires further clarifications and validation within a qualitative research.

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Multiple Candidacies and the Role of the Lowest Electoral Tier for Individualized Campaigning

Author(s): Mihail Chiru / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

The effects of mixed electoral systems on politicians’ incentives and work in the legislature are most often studied in isolation from the possibly mediating role of campaign behavior. The tier in which a candidate runs might determine a particular style and content of campaigning, more or less party centered and more or less constituency oriented, which in turn could shape how the elected politician will perceive her mandate and act upon it. But what type of campaigning prevails when candidacy in multiple tiers is the rule and the majoritarian element is the dominant component of the mixed electoral system? The present study draws on a survey of 431 candidates in the 2010 Hungarian parliamentary elections and uses linear, logistic regressions and marginal effects to estimate the effect of the above-mentioned electoral system characteristics as well as of organizational and career attributes on campaign norm, constituency-related agenda, and independent campaigning. What appears to matter the most for the degree of campaign individualization is the lowest electoral tier in which the candidate runs, irrespective of her electoral security. The study also reveals the significant effects of two dimensions previously ignored by the literature: the level of nomination and the local politics profile (years of experience and the prospect of holding a dual mandate).

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TEORIA COLAPSULUI CIVILIZAȚIEI ÎN LITERATURA ANTICIPATIVĂ DE AVERTISMENT

Author(s): Oliviu CRAZNIC / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

Eschatologic theories have constantly preoccupied humanity, most often in a mystical sense. Recently, some of these theories have been noted for gaining (at least partially) scientific approval. Sometimes, more (or all) eschatological theories are considered to be in close connection to each other, thus constituting components of a more complex and unifying theory: The Societal Collapse Theory (or The End of Civilization Theory). The dystopian science-fiction, the apocalyptic science-fiction and the post-apocalyptic science-fiction are literary reflections (proving sometimes to be even anticipations) of the aforementioned theory/theories. When it does not directly or indirectly influence scientific ideas, science-fiction literature contributes to the popularization of these theories and to the general awareness of their implications. Our goal is to highlight here some literary science-fiction works: remarkable examples of Societal Collapse/End of Civilization Theory in literature.

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L’immigration comme atout économique et sociétal : le modèle coopératif de Riace en Italie

Author(s): Cristina Vignali / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2018

The study shows how the small village of Riace, in Calabria, has developed an atypical model for the reception of migrants, which has now proved to be economically and socially efficient, but also,surprisingly enough, sound from a cultural identity point of view. Riace provides evidence that an intelligent reception, carried out with dignity,can exist and be profitable for both parties: migrants and local people.

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Escape and Entertainment as Key Motives for Viewing TV News in the Light of Ritualistic Use of Television

Author(s): Yurii Dmytrovych Havrylets,Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Rizun,Maksym Mykolayovych Khylko,Sergii Viktorovich Tukaiev / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2018

In this study, a scientific interpretation of escape and entertainment TV viewing motives is considered in the view of Uses and Gratifications Theory. More specifically, it is analysed how the TV viewing motives, initially elaborated for general TV use, are important to the TV news consumption. How strong are the motivations to escape and seek for entertainment in TV newscasts? Given that primary goal of TV news viewing is obtaining information about the society and the world, TV news largely perform the instrumental role. However, in digital era, TV news are a combination of hard news (serious newsworthy topics, with analytical approach) and soft news (entertaining news items that rely mainly on attracting viewers' attention, and relief after watching hard news). After TV viewers return home, there is usually no matter what to watch, but it is important just to relax. Though the amount of soft news is relatively small, it was studied how strong viewers' motive is to watch an average TV newscast as a means to escape or being entertained. Our study indicates that TV news has to be considered within two motivational patterns elaborated by U&G scholars for general TV use: instrumental and ritualistic viewing. Escape and entertainment motives are indisputable attributes of ritualistic use, whereas informational or surveillance motive leads to instrumental use. Within Uses and Gratifications Theory, the concepts of escapism and entertainment occupy central positions in the row of TV viewing motives. However, they are often considered as a motivation to watch entertainment TV – fictional or reality-based programmes. But specific motivational structure that drives viewers to watch TV news remain largely meagre and divergent. In this study there was analysed the evidence that indicate various extents of strength of escapism and entertainment motives towards TV news viewing. Notwithstanding some criticisms, U&G proved to be an enduring scientific approach. In U&G research, watching TV news is regarded as a process, aimed at obtaining messages about the world and neighbourhood, as well as information necessary for everyday decision making by the viewer and her/his relatives. In recent decades, the infotainment genre or soft news has been becoming more popular, and more and more tabloid TV stations tend to consider that TV news should entertain the viewers not less than to inform, or even more.

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Roli i rrjeteve sociale ne televizionizimin e internetit dhe centralizimin e informacionit

Author(s): Festim Rizanaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 38.2/2019

The web in recent years has gradually undergone a profound change. This rapid change that has taken place in recent years has affected the disruption of the Internet as an informal center and information dissemination structure by isolating the user into personalized and centralized information. The launch of the World Wide Web began to look like the biggest threat to television, because the network of those days did not look like television, so it was text-based, decentralized, interactive, and diversified. Though he did not annihilate traditional television, he stopped his rapid growth for nearly two decades. Social media platforms changed this reality. With the spread of smart phones since the beginning of 2010, social media began to dominate the time people spent on the Internet. While the internet started imitating the book and for a time was dominated by text, it was an online book, with the development of digital cameras and photos, videos and driving images that made the Internet transform from Internet-book to Internet – television. This paper deals with the role of social networks in transforming the text-based web to-visual-based web. The paper also discusses how social networks have influenced centralization of information, creation of different groups, profiling of readers.

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Measuring Ideology in the Croatian Context: Testing the Left-Right Scale

Author(s): Leon Runje,Valentino Petrović,Kosta Bovan / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2020

The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between the unidimensional left-right measure of ideology and more nuanced measures of major political ideologies as well as to ascertain the validity of the left-right measure of ideology as a conceptual tool for analysing ideological preferences within the Croatian context. This was accomplished by deploying an online questionnaire on a convenient, non-representative sample of students from the University of Zagreb, Croatia. The students were recruited via various social media student groups. The paper starts by theoretically exploring the six major ideologies from which it develops a pool of items for measuring said ideologies. The data acquired via the aforementioned questionnaires was then analysed with the goal of assessing the best items to measure each ideology. The paper goes on to assess the relationship between the respondents’ support of major ideologies and their self-positioning on the left-right ideology scale. The acquired results demonstrate that the respondents possess a general understanding of the ideological left-to-right scale and are coherent in their preferences with the values of their ideology of choice. They further demonstrate that the correlations between the participants’ self-positioning on the left-right continuum and level of support for particular ideologies follow the expected direction. Therefore, while taking the limits of the deployed sample type into account, the paper reaffirms the validity of the left-right measure of ideology as a conceptual tool for analysing ideological preferences within the Croatian context.

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Protest Event Dataset for Croatia, Portugal, Serbia and Spain: Focus on Strike Data

Author(s): Danijela Dolenec,Ana Balković,Karlo Kralj,Daniela Širinić,Tiago Fernandes,Eduardo Romanos / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2020

‘Disobedient Democracy: A Comparative Analysis of Contentious Politics in the European Semi-periphery’ is a research project implemented by the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Zagreb, in the period 2016-2021, led by Principal Investigator Danijela Dolenec and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (IZ11Z0_166540 – PROMYS). The overall objective of the project is to explore how protest politics advances democracy by collecting and analyzing data on protest mobilizations in four countries: Portugal, Spain, Croatia and Serbia. [...]

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The Western Imaginary of Jihadism

Author(s): Farhad Khosrokhavar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Western jihadism is a complex phenomenon in which the imaginary dimension, the subjectivity of the actors linked to their socio-economic condition but also to their ethnicity, and beyond that, what I call their subjectivation (the ability to empower oneself as a social actor), play a significant role. In Europe, among the Muslim offshoots of migrant workers, most of the psycho- logical developments associated with Jihadism occurs in very specific urban structures, the poor districts or suburbs, where a high concentration of urban poor live with a burden of social stigma linked to the high criminality rate. These settings are often de facto ghettoes. The development of a specific urban imagination often gives meaning to the jihadist commitment among young people living in this type of settlement. This imaginary often feeds on a feeling of stigmatization among these people. Jihadism is not a quest for meaning, but its discovery, the wielding of it through embracing death and inflicting it on the ‘infidels’. It is, in another way, a punishment of society, an act of vengeance against it, be it due to personal reasons (mainly for the young downtrodden of the immigrant origin who feel stigmatized by the society) or due to the lack of ideal, utopia and social justice in society (the case of the young middle class people). This study aims at underlining the fact that social imaginaries should be at the root of socio-anthropological analysis and without understanding the meaning of social action, quantitative views give us at best a unilateral, at most a distorted view of social action and social behavior.

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THE LONG DECADE OF DISINFORMATION

Author(s): Vera Michlin-Shapir / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

The review of: 1) Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle against Disinformation and What We Can Do About It. Richard Stengel. London: Grove Press, 2020. 2) Beyond Post-Communication: Challenging Disinformation, Deception and Manipulation. Jim Macnamara. New York: Peter Lang, 2020. 3) The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology and Disruptive Communications in the United States. W. Lance Bennet and Steven Livingston. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.

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TELEVIZIJSKI JEZIK I MIGRANT: PODUDARANJE UMA I ZABAVE

Author(s): Oliver Jurišić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

The phenomenon of migration and the experience of migrants is impossible to summarize even when we go into specifics. Diverse sociological, religious, and political approaches have produced a large volume of literature and research. This article is a modest attempt at partial understanding and maintains a limited scope. Research on language is to some extent rendered impossible, as it posits an understanding of language as a complete experience of communication. Hence, the term language is limited here to the definition of television language formulated by Neil Postman. We leave aside the language of media as a generic term for all the actual means of communication, which goes beyond the language of television. The term ‘migrant’ also does not include sociological, religious, political and anthropological interpretation but is limited to the fields of news and entertainment. Even the terms of news and entertainment are understood in the sense defined by art theorist Boris Groys and philosopher Gilles Lipovetsky. Hence the scope and purpose of the present article is not a comprehensive attempt at some sort of final interpretation of the reality of the migrant experience through a hermenautical approach. Rather, the article is a synthesis of views by three authors in a narrow context limited by the terms ‘the language of television’, ‘news’ and ‘entertainment’, so that discussion of the migrant phenomenon can be continued and developed into new and different views and interpretations.

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