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Homophobic and transphobic hate crimes and incidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data collected from March to November 2013

Author(s): Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English

This report is the product of the hate crime monitoring and documentation work of Sarajevo Open Centre (SOC) in the period March 1st to October 31st 2013, during which we documented 18 cases of hate crime, 5 cases of discrimination on the basis of identity and over 20 cases of hate speech on the grounds of sexual orientation and/or gender. At the beginning of the hate crime monitoring we established an online reporting system, for both victims and witnesses of hate crimes, which was advertised through our website lgbt-prava.ba, an online BH LGBT portal. The data entered through the site was collected in Google Docs forms modelled after the questionnaires that were adapted specifically for this project. Along with this online form, we continued using established forms of hate crime reporting – our legal counselling e-mail pravnosavjetovanje@soc.ba and the phone number of the organisation.

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Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2010-2011

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2010-2011 (SOCTA) analyses the current state and trends in serious and organised crime in Bulgaria. The report estimates the threats generated by these criminal activities and ranks them according to the harm they cause Bulgarian society. The analysis is intended to support a better informed evidence-based design of anti-crime policies.

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Justice Sector Institutional Indicators for Criminal Case Management: Efforts on Supranational and National Level, Bulgarian and Polish Perspective

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni,Miriana Ilcheva,Paweł Wiliński / Language(s): English

This publication reviews the existing practices of courts’ performance measurement and criminal cases management based on the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness, transparency, quality care, benchmarking, result orientation and accountability. These efforts are considered on supranational and national level as two components of the process of implementing a quality model in the justice sector, growing increasingly intense at EU level. At national level, the report examines the achievements in implementing performance indicators in England and Wales, Germany, Netherlands, Finland, Belgium, France and Spain, as well as in Romania. The normative, policy and strategic framework of Bulgaria and Poland is also tackled in order to cover the prospects for introduction of such indicators in the two target countries.

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Crime and Punishment: Studying Justice System for Shaping Criminal Policy

Author(s): Todor Galev,Alexander Stoyanov,Neli Dineva,Nina Denisova / Language(s): English

The current publication analyses the findings of the survey on public trust in Bulgarian police and courts, including personal assessments about the level of corruption in these institutions and the subjective perceptions of fear of crime. Two main factors are moulding the public trust: the state institutions’ effectiveness, their procedural justice and their distributive fairness towards citizens, as well as institutions’ legitimacy, the legality of their actions and the shared moral principles, which build up the obligation to respect the rules and the decisions of these institutions. The publication suggests that Bulgaria should introduce a system of indicators for assessing the public trust in the criminal justice system. These indicators would be instrumental for the more comprehensive definition of the problems, which criminal justice institutions face, and for more effective monitoring of public opinion fluctuations.

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Антимафия. Италианският опит в борбата срещу организираната престъпност

Author(s): Barbara Vettori,Andrea Di Nicola / Language(s): Bulgarian

The current reader presents the Italian policies against organized crime, which encompass a broad set of instruments tailored to counter the threat from ‘mafia’ and other organised crime threats in Italy. The key measures among these are: the confiscation, administration and utilization of confiscated criminal assets; the dissolution of local municipal councils, infiltrated by mafia; special penitentiary regimes for high-ranking leaders of organized crime. All these policies are a direct response to the challenges imposed by the organized crime. They expand the scope and the set of instruments available to the prosecution and law-enforcement systems. This set of policies complement the traditional approaches against the mafia, which have proven to be not sufficiently effective in a situation of persisting mafia pressure upon the political and economic life in the country. In light of this, the Italian experience could be applicable to countries, such as Bulgaria, which are vulnerable to corruption and organized crime.

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Police Integrity and Corruption in Albania

Author(s): Arjan Dyrmishi,Elona Dhëmbo,Gjergji Vurmo,Besjana Kuci / Language(s): English

Police organizations present a unique paradox in modern democracies: they are guarantors of security and protectors of fundamental freedoms; and, at the same time, they are a potent threat to those same liberties. Perhaps no other servants of the state carry so much responsibility and require so much public trust. The police must be able to exercise a wide range of lawful powers - including the use of deadly force - in order to protect citizens and ensure law and order; and, at the same time, they must act in a manner that fully respects the law, civil liberties and basic human rights. The extent to which the police get the balance right is a recognized indicator of true democracy in a society. That indicator of true democracy is often measured by the level of public trust in the police. The publication of this IDM research report is both welcome and timely, as a means of measuring public trust in the Albanian State Police (ASP) and indicating the strength of democracy in this country. A wealth of data has been provided which will assist in understanding public perceptions of the police in greater depth and detail than in any previous period of Albania’s history. This data will provide a much-needed factual basis for debate about integrity within the ranks of the ASP, and inform the process of police reform and restructuring. The IDM information will also provide added impetus to the revised Code of Ethics and the growing desire within the Government to eradicate police corruption through an uncompromising adherence to moral and ethical principles.

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Конвенционалната престъпност в България: Равнища и тенденции

Author(s): Emil Tsenkov,Tihomir Bezlov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Conventional crime constitutes the main share of crimes committed in Bulgaria. Its level and trends define the condition and changes in the general criminological situation in the country. The necessity of increasing the law enforcement authorities’ efficiency in countering crime has become one of the highest priorities in Bulgaria after the country’s entry into the European Union. In these conditions, the assessment of conventional crime levels in the country, as well as the performance assessment of the police, is no longer the sole monopoly of the relevant specialized state institutions. The above facts necessitate all the more that conventional crime be assessed in its dynamics by applying generally recognized standards, criteria and approaches.

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Закон за търговския регистър. Коментар

Author(s): Angel Kalajdzhiev,Borislav Belazelkov,Georgi Dimitrov,Dimitar Markov,Maria Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The entry into force of the Law on the Commercial Register will start a long deferred, but much needed reform in the system of commercial registration, which was incepted in the middle of the 90’s. It started with the legislative regulation of the Central Pledges Register, of the electronic document and electronic signature and the concepts for the Electronic Registries Center, initiated and developed by the Center for the Study of Democracy. The Commentary aims at supporting the reform and facilitating the use and provision of register services. It was written by experts of the Center for the Study of Democracy – renowned lawyers, working in the fields of commercial and civil law.

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Heroin Users in Bulgaria One Year After Outlawing The Dose for "Personal Use". Law Changes and New Risks

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov / Language(s): English

The report reveals the place of heroine use in Bulgaria and its development since the amendment to the Penal Code repealing Paragraph 3 of Art 354a and its provision. The revision gained public popularity as „the single dose law”. It renders criminal every drug substance possession, regardless of the type or quantity of the substance, or whether the individual in possession of the dose is dependent or not. Under the new regulation, the drug wholesalers, the small drug dealers, and those just using, not trading in drugs, are treated equally harshly. The change was carried out, despite keen objections on the part of experts and civil society organizations that it might lead to severe and unpredictable consequences. The research, however, revealed that the ban on the „single dose”, and its negative implications, are only part of a larger nationwide problem caused not only by the legislative framework, but also by the inadequate institutional response. Author of the publication is Mr. Tihomir Bezlov, researcher from Center for the Study of democracy.

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Prison Reform Monitoring - The report on the situation in the institutions for execution of criminal sanctions

Author(s): Jelena Mirkov,Ljiljana Palibrk,Zoran Ilić,Aleksandra Bezarević / Language(s): English

The Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia (HCS) continued monitoring the prison system reforms in 2015, i.e. the reform of the institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions in Serbia. The project entitled "Continued monitoring of the prison system reforms" was supported by the Civil Rights Defenders. Visits to the institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions and offices for alternative sanctions were accomplished with the permission and support of the Ministry of Justice and the Directorate for Enforcement of Criminal Sanctions, while the visits to the detainment units were accomplished with the license and support of the presidents of higher courts with jurisdictions over the territory in which they are located. The expert team performing the monitoring of the institutions for the enforcement of criminal sanctions comprised the lawyers from the Helsinki Committee, Ljiljana Palibrk and Jelena Mirkov, full-time professor at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation Dr Zoran Ilić and a specialist of general practice medicine, Dr Aleksandra Bezarević. During the project that took part in the second half of the 2014, the Helsinki Committee team visited six institutions in the competence of the Directorate for Enforcement of Criminal Sanctions at the Ministry of Justice: five penitentiaries (in Niš, Sremska Mitrovica, Zabela, Požarevac and Valjevo) and Special Prison Hospital in Belgrade. In addition, Offices for Alternative Sanctions in these cities were also visited. The continuation of the project in 2015 encompassed visits to seven district prisons in Subotica, Kragujevac, Belgrade, Zrenjanin, Novi Sad, Smederevo and Pančevo and two visits to penitentiaries in Sombor and Padinska Skela. In 2015, the Helsinki Committee team also visited six offices for alternative sanctions in Subotica, Sombor, Kragujevac, Novi Sad, Smederevo and Pančevo.

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Screening Trafficking. Prudent and Perilous

Author(s): Yana Hashamova / Language(s): English

This book examines film and media representations of the social, political, and economic issue of human trafficking, one of the most dramatic challenges of today’s globalized world. Hashamova productively combines fieldwork in NGOs in southeastern Europe, social science data, and the analysis of Western and East European anti-trafficking films and media and their reception in the United States and the Balkans. Her book identifies a disconnect between the global flow of trafficking images and their local comprehension. The critical analysis of documentaries, feature films, video clips, and NGOs’ media materials and the responses they elicit from spectators reveals the flaws of these products and the ideological structures present both in them and in their audiences.

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Extremist Communication Capabilities in North Africa and the Sahel

Author(s): Andreea Stoian Karadeli / Language(s): English

The complex nature of the threat of terrorism caused by groups active in North Africa and the Sahel requires effective information to prevent, detect, and eventually investigate all criminal activities related to their areas of interest. In the Maghreb-Sahel region, more than in any other place, the boundary between the two main Salafi-jihadi groups – al-Qaeda and ISIS – is porous at best and non-existent at worst. While borders between these Salafist religious spheres can be hard to define, they are tangled with contextual and interest-based factors, thereby transforming the regional jihadi ecosystem into a challenging mosaic. The main aim of this research is to map the communication capabilities of terrorist groups in North Africa and the Sahel, taking into consideration the local context as well as to identify and categorise the specific means used to disseminate propaganda in each country / region by contextualising the material produced in / for / about African Jihadism by both al-Qaeda and ISIS groups. Bearing in mind that terrorism functions as a communicative act, the groups’ multilevel communication capabilities are a core element of the jihadi phenomenon in North Africa and the Sahel.

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Promoting Resilient Economies in the Western Balkans : Tackling Corrosive Capital at Sectoral Level

Author(s): Alexander Gerganov,Igor Stojanović,Ana Lučić,Milica Kovačević,Nemanja Todorović Štiplija,Igor Novaković,Danijela Bozovic / Language(s): English

The transition process to democracy and market economy in the Western Balkans has been largely incomplete stalling the region’s prospects for EU integration. Rather than building robust government systems based on democracy and rule of law, critical weaknesses - “governance gaps” - remain widespread. As a result, external actors—particularly undemocratic states—have been able to reassert their role in the Western Balkans and undermine democratic development in the region. This has become particularly visible with the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic, which have also strengthened local authoritarian instincts. In the current report, CSD, with support from partners in the Western Balkans, builds upon the comprehensive MACPI (Monitoring Anti-Corruption Policy Implementation) methodology, in order to analyse corrosive capital challenges, define regional priorities, and identify potential common patterns in the Western Balkans region. The MACPI assessment was based on extensive desk research, empirical case studies, review of international best practice and sets of interviews with experts, employees and clients of selected public institutions in each of the four target countries – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The authors recommend that the countries re-examine their bilateral investment treaties and international agreements in terms of potential loopholes, and introduce strong internal policies in the public authorities. The latter should be revised in a way to effectively stop any potential conflict of interest, external corruption pressure, or pressure from above.

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Resocijalizacija maloljetnih prestupnika

Author(s): Nebojša Macanović / Language(s): Serbian

As parents, we often ignore the many problems that adolescents face, believing that it always happens to other children, and that it will never happen to us. Unfortunately, today we are increasingly dealing with the consequences of such problems. That is why identifying a problem is as important as solving it. One of the raising problems of Bosnian society is the delinquent behavior of young people, which is becoming a symbol of growing up in a dysfunctional society, and a subculture that is increasingly accepted by young people. Violent behavior, criminal acts, the need to be in the company of older criminals, drugs and alcohol consumption, dropping out of regular schooling are just some of the accompanying phenomena of delinquent behavior of young people. The disturbed value system and the anomie of society create ideal conditions for the development of behavioral disorders of children and young people. Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that is the result of inadequate socialization, upbringing and growing up conditions of the child. However, when it happens, it is necessary to apply the most effective educational measures in order to suppress and correct such behavior. In some situations when certain procedures and educational measures did not give positive results or when serious criminal offenses were committed, juveniles are sent to a correctional facility and juvenile prison. Such institutions seek to resocialize juvenile offenders, to change their criminal attitudes and behavior, build an acceptable value system, complete primary education and vocational training, as well as build work habits and develop certain competencies and social skills.This scientific monograph represents the desire of the author with rich experience in working with juvenile delinquents to transfer his knowledge to students who are being educated for one of the helping professions. The book gives a scientific perception of how to re-educate minors, and what are the procedures and stages in working with them. This book is actually, to a large extent, a combination of pedagogy and law, but also of numerous other social sciences that deal with this issue. In addition to the legal framework on criminal sanctions imposed on juveniles, a pedagogical overview of the role and importance of re-educational treatment on which the success of re-socialization of juveniles depends is given.

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Sous les pavés, le noir!: Le roman noir dans la France post-68

Author(s): Marcela Poučová / Language(s): French

This dissertation focuses on French crime fiction after 1968 and, in particular, one of its forms – roman noir. It analyses how this genre reflects contemporary French society and its position and role within it. In the second part, based on a selection of novels, the author specifies a number of themes which she finds are characteristic for the crime literature of this period. As a result of the analyses carried out in both parts of the thesis, the conclusion drawn is that French crime fiction after 1968 mainly represents the opinion base for the generation strongly influenced by the ultra left wing ideology of the May '68 riots. Subsequently, the genre has enabled this generation to disseminate its ideals and has presented the means for social and ideological criticism of French society.

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Prison as a Mirror of Society

Author(s): Klára Pinerová,Kristýna Bušková,Michal Louč / Language(s): English

Socialist prisons have always been associated with repression, violence and bullying of political prisoners. However, our book shows something very surprising. The Czechoslovak prison system had been undergoing radical changes since the 1950s. New tendencies were promoted in various periods that aligned with the social and political situation. The prison system as a whole was not an institution that would evolve separately, regardless of changes in the society. The way it was managed was clearly shaped by people who were making decisions about where Czechoslovakia was headed, as penal and penitentiary policy was created at the highest levels. These changes are described by means of master narratives in this book, by observing them on multiple levels. Changes in the prison system could be observed in not only the system itself, as organisational changes in the management of the institution as such, but also in the transformation of the thinking of those in top positions of the prison administration and in the lowest positions alike. We show that the narrative they adopted and that affected the interpretation of their experience and decisions had an effect on their treatment of different categories of prisoners. The book shows that the prison system reflects the character of the whole society and says a lot about it.

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Ubistva u školama – analiza studija slučaja iz ugla socijalne pedagogije

Author(s): Nebojša Macanović / Language(s): Serbian

The scientific monograph "Murders in schools - analysis of case studies from the point of view of social pedagogy" resulted from the author's desire to use scientific analyzes of numerous tragic events that happened in schools to draw the attention of the educational system, but also to society as a whole, to the need to much more attention must be paid to the personality of each student, his attitudes, thoughts, behavior, interests, needs, outlook on life and environment. Today, children under the influence of social networks live in a virtual world, living for instant gratification without empathy for others. Youth violence is on the rise. The consequences of violence are often tragic. Violence in schools is often linked to murders in schools. The crimes they commit are much more brutal, aggressive and cold-blooded, and the perpetrators are often children under the age of 14. From individual case studies, we will see that the violence at school was in many cases only a preliminary stage of later mass murders. Social pedagogy deals with behavioral disorders, and from the scientific aspect of this pedagogical discipline we will try to give some possible answers as to why and what are the motives of these tragic events. In the many case studies presented, this book will not provide definitive answers as to the causes that led to numerous tragic murders in schools, but it will encourage, stimulate and direct the greater attention of parents, teachers, school pedagogues and psychologists, social workers, trainers in cultural and sports sections and clubs and others who communicate and work with children on a daily basis to pay more attention if something is happening with the children and if there is a problem that they may be skillfully concealing.

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Актуални проблеми на превенцията на престъпността. Сборник с материали от Първата международна научна конференция, организирана от Юридическия факултет на Пловдивския университет „Паисий Хилендарски“ – 19 април 2005 г.

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian,Russian

The collection is dedicated to the current criminal legal policy pursued in relation to the prevention and fight against crime. Different points of view are presented – criminological and criminal law. The relevant problems are analysed from theoretical and practical viewpoint.

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