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"Dashed Hopes and Good Intentions": A Bourdieuian Reading of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Author(s): Ebrahim Salimi-Kouchi,Mohsen Rezaeian / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Pierre Bourdieu's investigation into the mechanism of power relations in any given society emphasizes that culture is firmly embedded in social lives of agents. An agent engages in some social competitions, struggling with others and his or her own limits. Applying the metaphor of "game" to social life, Bourdieu believes that people, in order to accumulate more capitals, participate in intense social competitions. Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virgina Woolf raises some questions about the nature of power, language, and their intersection. The lives of the characters are not far removed from how they experience power relations in a college campus, a microcosm of American society. Putting into practice Bourdieu's theory of practice, this article analyzes the influence of the accumulation of capitals in the lives of George and Martha, the role of the imaginary child as a part of American dream and its significance to the couple's lives, and ultimately the use and abuse of language in their ways of communication.

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Ozbrojené síly a etnické nepokoje ve střední Evropě

Author(s): Miroslav Mareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2013

The article deals with particularly topical problem, the riots with ethnic background. The present situation is compared with history illustrations and with similar recent events abroad. Author's reflections and scenarios outline a variant of state failure and its institutions, with the exception of army. He identifies respective incoming risks, among others tied with the so-called Roma question. Actually, his hypothetical solutions are not backed by the current laws of the Czech Republic. The author comes to the conclusion that army deployment might be used only as an instrument of last resort, "ultima ratio".

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Sens zamiast transcendencji - Wywiad Marcina Darmasa z profesorem Michelem Wieviorką

Author(s): Marcin Darmas,Michel Wieviorka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2016

An attempt at sociological response to terrorist attacks in Paris by prof. Michel Wieviorka. The French sociologist expose the road to radicalization of representatives of the second and third generations of emigration from the Maghreb countries. It shows how marginalization, both social, professional and financial, contributed to the negative intensification of social relations in France. Finally, it confirms that education and giving meaning to young people can have a positive impact on the French social condition.

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MIEJSCE POLICJI W ŻYCIU SPOŁECZNYM

Author(s): Alfred Marek WIERZBICKI / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Police fully recognizably plays an important role in life of every citizen. Without an adequate level of security of social life and economic would be much more difficult. This article makes an attempt to present the role of the police in a modern society.Indicate the source and essence of the social demand for police services and the impact of social expectations on the manner in which the ranking police tasks. Determination of the ratio between the use of repression and the performance of the role of guardian is a difficult and complex task.In order to ensure their security, every citizen is obliged to waive part of their liberties and freedom. The huge influence of the mass media to create awareness of social causes Police is also involved in the creation of channels of information favorable in relation institution citizen.

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ГИБРИДНАЯ ВОЙНА: СУЩНОСТЬ И БАЗОВЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ

Author(s): Timur Andrievskiĭ / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The main features of arising of a hybrid war were considered, a comparative analysis of the development and progress of “regular”(conventional) and hybrid wars was conducted. Some aspects regarding the formation of a new approach to understanding the phenomenon of hybrid war were elucidated.New classification of armed conflicts is proposed: international armed conflict, armed conflict not of an international character and armed conflict of the hybrid character (hybrid war). That is why it is proposed to consider the hybrid war as a special type of the conflicts of modernity.It is proposed to distinguish the term “hybrid war” and the term “hybrid threats” as elements of aggressor’s preparation to the outbreak of war. Attempt to formulate the complex definition of hybrid war was made for future development of the concept of hybrid wars.

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Psihološke posljedice nasilja preko interneta za žrtve, nasilnike i nasilnike/žrtve

Author(s): Daniela Šincek,Ivana Duvnjak,Marija Milić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Adolescents can take different roles in cyber-violence, and one of the most common classifications recognises victims, perpetrators, perpetrators/victims and uninvolved individuals. These groups experience some common outcomes, but there are also psychological outcomes that are specific to a particular role. In the relevant literature, depressive symptoms and low self-esteem are found as common outcomes for both victims and perpetrators, while distress is related only to being a victim. Since perpetrators/victims display both types of roles in cyber-violence, they are assumed to be the group with the most negative outcomes, the group that per se experiences lower academic achievement. In the present research, youths with different roles in cyber-violence were compared regarding various psychological outcomes (depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety and self-esteem), hours spent on the Internet and academic achievement. In total, 1,176 participants were divided into groups of victims, perpetrators, perpetrators/victims and uninvolved individuals. Perpetrators/victims differed in all variables from uninvolved individuals and had more negative results, supporting the claim that they constitute the group with the most negative outcomes, followed by victims. Perpetrators only showed a higher level of stress and had lower grades than the uninvolved group, suggesting lower costs of committing cyber-violence than experiencing it. The results provide insights into psychological outcomes, suggesting that perpetrators/victims comprise the group that should be included in selective or even indicated prevention programmes focused on reducing involvement in cyberviolence and its known outcomes, especially depression, anxiety and stress. Indicated prevention programmes for perpetrators should probably be tailored differently, for example, by problematising the lack of guilt and promoting empathy for victims while reducing the positive outcomes of cyber-violence (e.g., gaining social status via violence).

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ЉУДСКА ПРАВА У ВРЕМЕ ОРУЖАНИХ СУКОБА

Author(s): Matthias Hartwig / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2009

One of the obvious present-day challenges to human rights law is their applicability in times of war, which is the topic of this paper. The author argues that human rights norms and humanitarian norms do not exclude each other. In holding so, the author tries to explicate the applicability of human rights norms in times of war according to the stipulated provisions of human rights treaties. Therefore, the author argues that the human rights instruments apply in times of war and explains this thesis with the fact that these instruments provide the possibility of derogation of certain human rights in situations of emergency or necessity.

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ЈЕДНО НАСИЛНИЈЕ ДРУШТВО? ДРУШТВЕНО-ИСТОРИЈСКА АНАЛИЗА ИНТЕРПЕРСОНАЛНИХ НАСИЉА У ФРАНЦУСКОЈ ОД 1970. ГОДИНЕ ДО ДАНАС (I)

Author(s): Laurent Mucchielli / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

This text is an essay of socio-historical interpretation to think the evolution of violent behaviors in interpersonal relationships since the 70’, through the French case. He uses an original synthesis of various types of data: police and judicial statistics, victimization and self-reported surveys, demographic and socioeconomic data. The model links together five process acting in French society: a societal process of pacification, a political and legal process of criminalization, a process of judiciarization of everyday life conflicts, a socioeconomic process of competition for consumer goods, a process of economic, social and spatial segregation. This essay also try to link many theoretical contributions that had built the history of sociology and criminology.

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Экстремистские установки молодежи в зависимости от сиблинговой позиции

Author(s): Snezhana Mihajlovna Sityaeva,Svetlana Vladimirovna Yaremtchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2017

Introduction. This paper focuses on the empirical study of correlation between the sibling position and the extremist attitudes of young people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the specifics extremist attitudes of young men and women depending on their birth order. Materials and Methods. The participants of the study were 377 subjects (aged between 14 and 30 years, 176 male subjects and 201 female subjects). 100 participants are the only children, 117 ones are the first-borns, 53 ones are middle children and 106 are later-borns. Extremist attitudes of the subjects were identified using K.V. Zlokazov’s methodology of studying extremist-destructive attitudes. This technique allows us to reveal the level of authoritarianism, the manifestation of nationalistic, fanatical and xenophobic attitudes. According to E.A. Pain and S.A. Prostakov’s methodology, the subjects were supposed to choose a political slogan characteristic of an extremist trend or refuse to choose. Results. As a result of the research, a correlation was found between extremist attitudes of youth and the sibling position in the family (both gender-specific and non-gender-specific). Young males in comparison with young females are characterized by a higher level of extremism (manifested in a higher level of nationalism and xenophobia), more often identify themselves with one or another political movement. The only children in the family are characterized by a higher level of nationalist attitudes, less adhering to left-wing views. A higher level of fanaticism is revealed in only children girls and later-borns boys in the family. A higher level of xenophobia was found in single boys in the family. Conclusions. A group of only children in the family of boys entered the risk group for the formation of extremist behavior. They have a much higher degree of xenophobic attitudes, and they often choose nationalist slogans in comparison with other groups of subjects. The results of this study can be taken into account in working with young people to prevent extremist behavior.

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Domestic violence: A paralyzing phenomenon for the family and society

Author(s): Nuredin Chechi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Domestic violence in Albanian society is one of the most widespread phenomena and one of the most unreported crimes. This makes it impossible to accurately measure the extent of such a phenomenon. Domestic violence is treated more as an individual problem, which belongs only to family members and not to the society. It is the responsibility of the state and individuals to take effective steps to protect women and children and stop the violence. Statistics show that only 5 percent of battered women report violence. According to studies conducted, it results that domestic violence, particularly the one against women and girls, has increased during the transition period. This problem is complicated because of its roots in the marital relationships, therefore it has a negative impact on parenting. Women who are victims of domestic violence usually find it hard to concentrate and work effectively with their children, are more prone to avoidance or denial of the situation and neglect the impact of violence on themselves and their children. In such a context it is necessary to design a national strategy to identify all forms of domestic violence, to determine the causes of violence and its effects. Also it should be drafted a social policy and various intervention programs, necessary to prevent any kind of consequence that could damage the family and the whole society.

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Феномен медианасилия: историко-философский генезис

Author(s): M.A. Marzan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

Violence has special importance in the history of world civilization because of its ambivalent nature. That is why the entire humankind aims to have creation, harmony, liberty, but this is disrupted by destruction, disharmony, and suppression. Therefore, there is a contradictory duality in the understanding of violence. In this article, the author has examined the occurrence and transformation of violence in three historical forms (myths, religion, and science), presented the views of various philosophers of Antiquity, Medieval Ages, Renaissance, and Modern Era in accordance with the above-said forms, and shows social institutions (mythology, religion, science, government, morality) as a means for transmission of violence from one institution to another and to society as a whole. To classify the philosophical ideas, the author has used the interpretation of violent acts by A.A. Huseynov: apology of violence, radical negation, and courteous denial. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions have been formulated: 1. In all types of historical consciousness, a pattern can be traced in the transformation of violence phenomenon from radical to courteous denial and violence justification. 2. Mythological world vision is characterized by the ideas of harmony, measure, chaos, cosmogonic plots associated with the creation of the world out of violence, aggression, murder, dismemberment, and struggle. 3. In the religious world vision, appeasement, arrangement, and nonviolence are based on the sacrificial rituals, forced rituals, and customs related to sacralization. 4. In the Renascence period, anthropocentrism and humanism appeared. The representatives of these movements criticized conflicts, wars, strife, inquisitions, scaffold executions, accepting the good, reasoning power, morals.

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Pliny the Younger and the problem of translatio cadaveris

Author(s): Maciej Jońca / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

In the correspondence between the governor of Bithynia-Pontus and emperor Trajan in the years 111–113 one can find an exchange on whether to allow a buried body to be exhumed and transported to be buried in a different place. Pliny, who was familiar with Roman practices in this respect, turned to the emperor seeking advice on what policy he should adopt with regard to the inhabitants of the province. The emperor’s answer upheld the common practice that it was possible to move a body to a different burial site only when there was a strong reason for doing so (especially when the tombs were being violated or otherwise under threat). Trajan’s judgement influenced the decisions by subsequent rulers who took their stance in this matter.

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Влада як поняття соціальної філософії

Author(s): Nikolay Y. Povoroshchik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

In this paper there is an analysis of concepts definition authorities and an authority in social philosophy. The methodological principles of becoming the subject of power as an individual in the context of the organic unity of knowledge and will.

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REFRAMING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS TORTURE OR TERRORISM

Author(s): Isabel Marcus / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2014

This paper focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence and the distinctive features for which is it may be recognized as a specific form of torture and/or terrorism at home. The author provides an overview of the scientific debate among feminist authors on this conception which has given rise to an innovative approach to understanding the concept of domestic violence. Underscoring the substantive similarity of domestic violence with the acts of torture and/or terrorism, the author urges for state action arguing that domestic violence as a form of gender-based violence should be approached by applying the same logic and strategies which are employed in response to traditional torture and terrorism.

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Sexting – nowe zagrożenie wśród dzieci i młodzieży

Author(s): Sylwester Bębas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The paper presents sexting as a new threat amongst children and young people and consists of three parts: the concept and types of sexting, causes and scale and specifics of the phenomenon and the consequences of sexting. This dissertation is preceded by a brief introduction which has been signaled problems discussed further below. Tips and set out a bibliography are concluded at the end.

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FEMINICIDIO: VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO DESDE ARGENTINA

Author(s): William Roberto Daros / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2018

This article first presents a clarification of the most frequently used terms on the subject of femicide and a brief historical reference to the treatment that has been culturally given to women. Violence against women is then seen as a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between women and men. Violence against women is considered to be a circle formed by direct (physical) violence, structural violence (in social structures, primarily through laws and customs) and cultural violence. This text makes reference to the current fact of femicides and the ways in which they are presented. We go on to mention the psychological and sociological explanations of gender violence and the absence of committed political decisions. It concludes with the need to reorganize the social mentality in order to achieve long-term human social coexistence, eradicating impunity in the cases presented, asserting human rights and recognizing the paradigm shift, in the political, social and cultural spheres, where the woman is constructed as a subject, capable of creating, innovating and setting the standards that are needed for the full development of her life.

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Правни и институционални механизми екстерне контроле рада полиције

Author(s): Željko Nikač,Vanda Božić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

The research starts from the basic assumption that the control of the policing is extremely important because of the sensitivity of the work that this law enforcement body performs and the possibilities of violating human rights and civil liberties. The aim of the research is to point out the necessary oversight of the policing that should provide the limitation of absolute power, the independence of the judiciary, the legality of work, the equality of citizens before the law of the minorities. The types of external control of the policing are parliamentary control, control of the executive, judicial control (judicial and prosecutorial), control of the bodies of the province and local self-government, independent institutions and the public. Methodological researches and analyzes of precise indicators of implementation of control mechanisms of the police in Serbia have been investigated in this paper. In the observed five-year period from 2012 to 2016, the mechanisms for external control of policing were mostly used in 2015, while in 2012 they were at a minimum. According to the results of the survey, some state authorities fully use control mechanisms and report them adequately, while others do not use them sufficiently or do not adequately record them. By developing the mechanisms of external control of police, the democratic state and the rule of law system are strengthening, which is especially important for Serbia and the countries that strive for EU membership. What mechanisms will be more effective depends on the political-legal system, degree of democracy, mentality, culture, tradition and other circumstances. In any case, it is necessary to provide efficient and independent mechanisms that will be able to respond to contemporary challenges such as organized crime, corruption, terrorism, migration. It can be concluded that the normative legal framework in Serbia provides sufficient mechanisms for controlling the policing,but the implementation of laws must be improved, which is the basic principle of the rule of law.

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Challenges for Preventing Violence Against Women in Lithuania

Author(s): Vilana Pilinkaitė Sotirovič,Laima Vaigė / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

This paper aims to analyse whether gendered interpretations of domestic violence have an effect on the approach to victims’ responsibilities and their role in protecting themselves against further violence. It employs a critical discourse analysis and includes a qualitative analysis of interviews with 10 victims and three court rulings. The analysis of the victims’ narratives and court rulings revealed that women were often seen as key actors in continuing victimization. The findings obtained in this study may help academics and practitioners in the area of violence to understand that gender-neutral criminal justice systems are not necessarily separated from gendered social discourse.

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BİÇİM KARŞISINDA TUTUMLAR

Author(s): Semra DOĞAN AK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2017

In order to start with the thesis of art is the mirror of society reflected upon itself, it is the generation of silence or talking, pressing down or expressing. These customs become the cacophony spaces like Babel tower with the art fairs, exhibitions and festivals, biennials. Every collection space finds mini-models embodied in each micro-communities. The Babel Tower is mended every time without being ruined or constructed all over. Through the first part, the relation is mentioned between the structure of the power and the community. Carnivals, festivals, nuptials and feasts made from public’s reflexes were frozen moments against the power. Kings (which are at present known as presidents, the Pope, pop-stars…) and the public accepted that it is the day to laugh, dance, have fun and speak each other in the same space, at the same time, around the same tamble. Grotesque smile becomes common fun instead of being shameless, odium, rude and ugly. On the contrary, Foucault ideology claims that the power has already noticed it would able to control it instead of censoring. Discovered to watch it by building a close society. There are many examples of the power to lead the art same way. It is mentioned in the text, how the power materialized even simple themes as portrait and stil-life paintings. In portrait paintings the power can be even the artist nor the tycoon. When the artist found out what could be done with the portrait art, he dominated the viewer. Then the viewer cannot overcome these domination's or provocations and acts involuntarily. The artist is glad to see these reflexes. In the second part, intolerance of artists and non-representative is given by many examples.

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GROŹNE I STRONNICZE: ŚRODKI MASOWEGO PRZEKAZU W MYŚLI BRONISŁAWA ŁAGOWSKIEGO

Author(s): Sławomir Czapnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4 (232)/2017

Bronisław Łagowski, conservative Polish historician and philosopher of ideas, offers quite interesting inquire into functioning of the mass media, especially commercial television. From his point of view television is as powerful as threating to democracy medium. Łagowski also describes Polish mass media, which are – in his opinion – highly biased, and ideologically saturated, he condemns radical anti-Russian skew. For this thinker, mass media ought to be controlled by the society, because they became first and most important estate.

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