Hazard jako problem współczesnych społeczeństw.

Author(s): Artur Michał Banaszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

The addictions are a major problem of the modern world. Their types are varied and various fields of science deal with them. One of the phenomena that can become an addiction is gambling. It is betting on certain events, the outcome of which is difficult to predict and depends only on the fortuity. The phenomenon of gambling in itself is not a problem, but can lead to significant problems having a devastating impact on the lives of individuals and society. The object of this research is the phenomenon of gambling considered primarily in terms of its harmfulness. The author analyzes the different situations of gambling. It will be shown how to recognize pathological gambling and what characteristics are people addicted to gambling. In addition, we will discuss gambling as a disease. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that gambling can be harmful to people and that it is a disease that today affects more and more people.

Rola duchowości w procesie leczenia osób uzależnionych od substancji psychoaktywnych

Author(s): Beata Zajęcka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2016

The article presents the issue of the spirituality’s perception by drug addicts who have completed treatment in the catholic center. The specificity of drug addicts’ treatment has been also presented. What is underlined, is working on addicted people’s spirituality through various religious practices, which help them in developing the spiritual sphere as well as building the new system of values. The research, in which took part 30 patients, allow the author to understand the role of spirituality and perception of God. According to respondents, some religious practices as a part of therapy, enabled them to rebuilt morality as well as help them to stay sober.

Dopalacze w opinii gimnazjalistów. Raport z badań pilotażowych przeprowadzonych w województwie lubuskim.

Author(s): Joanna Lubimow,Łukasz Budzyński,Tomasz Marcinkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The first part of the article describes the evolution and the current shape of the law on the possession and trade of psychotropic substances. This is followed by a presentation of the results of questionnaire-based survey among the Middle High School youth on their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the so-called “psychostimulant issue”.

WielokulturowoĞü a podmiotowe podejĞcie do ucznia Innego

Author(s): Maria Janukowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2008

The article presents the orgaznization of the treatment process of alkohol addictions in penal institutions. The focus is on the specific character of the therapeutic effects and the differences between the patients of the prison drying-out (detox) programs and the ones of the programs organized at liberty. The article also shows the description of stages and forms of drying-out treatment. The Atlantis program and groups of Alcoholics Anonymous are presented. It’s stressed that detox therapy should be long-term and continued after serving a sentence of imprisonment.

Rodzina z problemem alkoholowym

Author(s): Katarzyna Zalasińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2011

The phenomenon of alcohol addiction is one of the most common problems, considered from health, social and psychological perspective. It is even more important because encompasses not only the alcoholic person, but also his family, and so the spouse and children. The family is the basic environment of everyone’s life, considering fact that alcohol dependence occurs when it begins to rule over all aspects of life. The best example of this situation is when in the choice between life and family or addiction – alcohol wins. To see a functioning alcoholic family and the rules which prevail and dominate it, you must first know the differences in the meaning of terms: addiction and co-addiction and also refer to the mechanisms of their formation and development, which takes place in specific stages of life, manifesting by specific symptoms. To improve the quality of life of co-addicted people, it seems to be necessary to take therapeutic activities, but it is not possible without changing the existing standards and rules prevailing in an alcoholic family, as well as the adoption of a new, beneficial for them and not for the addict, model of life.

Internet – przyjaciel czy wróg współczesnej młodzieży?

Author(s): Beata Zajęcka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2012

The present article undertakes the issues concerning the possibilities and dangers connected with using the Internet. The characteristic features of cyberspace have been discussed, with emphasis to specific functions it plays in the life of children and the young. A particular attention has been drawn to the problem of the extensive use and overuse of the Internet that can lead to addiction. The synthetically presented theoretical explanations of the problem of Internet dependency and its dangers. The theoretical grasp has been enriched with the analysis of pilot research results concerning the excessive use of the Internet and the frequency of conducts of behaviour undertaken by Grammar School students connected with the Internet dangers.

POLEN: Der Wodka

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 01/1980

This article has been published in Warsaw, in the monthly "Glos" ("The Voice"), which is attached to the KOR and edited by Antoni Maciarewicz. In a short introduction, the editors state that they reproduce only the most important parts of an official government report intended for internal use.

Aktualne problemy narkomanii wśród młodzieży

Author(s): Stanisław Szumpich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2006

Formy przemocy stosowanej przez młodzież szkolną wobec swoich rówieśników. Sposoby zapobiegania

Author(s): Maria Kliś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2005

Specyfika aktywności sieciowej podejmowanej przez osoby z wysokim i niskim ryzykiem uzależnienia medialnego

Author(s): Arkadiusz Dudziak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

This article addresses the problem of differences in the use of the Internet and its specificity in people with low and high risk of media addiction. The theoretical basis of the research is explored by Poprawa – Problematic Internet Use. Own research was carried out among high school students and university students using the TPUI-22 test and an own survey examining the specificity of network activity. The aim of the author’s own research is to show the differences in Internet activity in people with low and high risk of media addiction. The research question is: Are there differences in Internet activity undertaken by people from the low and high risk group of Internet addiction? Own research indicates the existence of statistically significant differences in the use of online activities in people with low and high risk of Internet addiction. Differences are also noticeable between the generations of “digital natives” and “digital immigrants”. The differences and specificity of the activity of young people at risk of addiction constitute the key knowledge about the decisions and choices of young people. This knowledge, based on the results of own research, may also constitute the basis for the development of preventive programs and therapeutic activities related to media addictions

DRYFOWANIE JAKO DOŚWIADCZENIE Z OKRESU DZIECIŃSTWA I MŁODOŚCI W NARRACJACH NIEPIJĄCYCH ALKOHOLICZEK

Author(s): Anna Wojcieszuk-Śmitkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The modern age forces the individual to constantly search for their identity. The article presents results of a qualitative study using the biographic method carried out through a narrative interview of five women, non-drinking alcoholics (identity- searchers) and an analysis of their biographies. The author presents life stories of their childhood and adolescence in the context of alcoholism. It presents fragments of research results, important threads to illustrate the specifics of the drifting experience. At the end of the article, there is a comparison between the drifting with the floating in the concept of Agnieszka Bron.

Measurement uncertainty of ethyl alcohol concentration in the exhaled breath of drivers and determination of sobriety at the time of incident

Author(s): Karolina Szala,Karolina Sekuła,Dominika Jama,Marek Wiergowski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The aim of the study was to determine the components of measurement uncertainty in the concentration of alcohol in exhaled breath and to determine the state of sobriety at the time of incident. Based on the literature review and the authors’ experience in providing opinions for law enforcement and the judiciary, the influence of various factors on the final interpretation of sobriety state is described on the basis of measurement uncertainty of breath analyzers, uncertainty of retrospective and prospective calculations, and uncertainty related to the conversion of alcohol concentrations detected during breath and blood tests. The paper pays particular attention to interpreting the concentrations of ethanol in exhaled breath close to the legal limits of the state of sobriety and the state after alcohol use, or the state after alcohol use and the state of insobriety.Analyzing the results of an exhaled breath test concerning concentrations close to the values of 0.1 mg/dm3 and 0.25 mg/dm3, it is necessary to take into account the factors affecting the measurements obtained, including the measurement uncertainty of the determination of alcohol in exhaled breath, the processes of absorption, distribution and metabolism of ethyl alcohol, and the possibility of the presence of alcohol lingering in the oral cavity. The incorrect execution of measurements of the tested person’s alcohol concentration is also a problematic issue. When determining sobriety state by means of retrospective and prospective calculations, it is important to remember that the uncertainty of the result is affected by a number of factors and depends, among other things, on the information provided by the suspect. Hence, the expert should draw conclusions particularly cautiously and any overestimation or underestimation of the components of uncertainty can lead to erroneous conclusions. Awareness of the uncertainties inherent in the results of a sobriety test or alcohol calculation allows for meaningful interpretation of test results and determination of the sobriety state of the person tested.

Early initiation of drinking and its consequences

Author(s): Ivana Olecká,Ludmila Trochtová / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2023

Background: The WHO European Region has the highest alcohol consumption of all six WHO regions. The research presented here is conducted in the Czech Republic, which has the highest average per capita alcohol consumption in Europe. The problem of alcoholism among children and adults is still not sufficiently perceived by Czech society as a risk and threat to the population’s future health. Objective: The research aimed to confirm a relationship between the onset of alcohol consumption at a young age and the amount/frequency of current alcohol consumption. Method: Data analysis was conducted on a representative sample of children aged 6–17 (n = 2948; man: 1492; 50,61 %; woman: 1456; 49,39%). Only 36.87% of children in our sample do not drink alcohol at all. 6.28% of children tasted alcohol for the first time before the age of 6. 19.30% tasted alcohol between the ages of 6 and 10, and 38.16% between the ages of 11 and 14. Results: The research confirms the association between early initiation of alcohol consumption and increased risk of binge drinking at older ages. Children who drink alcohol daily start very early. Children who consume alcohol only infrequently start drinking after age 15. Conclusion: The text intends to draw attention to the fact that despite existing prevention programs and interventions, alcohol consumption among children and adolescents is still a severe and contemporary problem related to the high tolerance of society towards alcohol consumption. The degree of denormalization of underage drinking in the Czech Republic is still low. However, even if we accept the thesis of gradual demoralization of drinking, which is based on the assumption of declining alcohol consumption, it appears that early initiation of drinking is thus becoming an increasingly important indicator of wider risk behavior and needs increased attention. As part of social prevention, it is necessary to focus not only on direct information about risks and effects, but above all on the issue of behavioural change.

Doświadczenia rodzin alkoholowych we wspomnieniach Dorosłych Dzieci Alkoholików

Author(s): SANDRA DRZEWIECKA,Katarzyna Zalas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2023

The article focuses on the analysis of the experiences of people who grew up in families af- fected by alcoholism. The study focuses on a group of adults, called Adult Children of Alcoholics (ADA), who experienced/are experiencing difficulties related to alcoholism of one of their parents during their childhood.The aim of the article is to present the experiences gained from the family home in the opinion of Adult Children of Alcoholics. The analysis included features and properties of the family envi- ronment, relationships with adults – parents, values valued in the family of origin, as well as an assessment of the impact of experiences acquired in childhood on functioning in adulthood.

Uzależnienie od Internetu – wyzwania i strategie radzenia sobie z cyfrową zależnością

Author(s): PRZEMYSŁAW MAKLES / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2023

In today’s world, media are an integral part of everyday functioning. Regardless of age, every- one uses them every day. One of the most popular mediums in the last decade is the Internet, which not only enables communication with other people, but is also a source of a lot of infor- mation. Using the Internet offers many possibilities. One of them is getting to know other people and their opinions. Unfortunately, excessive use of the Internet leads to addiction. Cyberspace also carries numerous threats. Especially young and inexperienced people are at risk of being harmed by someone they do not know and have never seen. The phenomenon of Internet addic- tion is a huge problem experienced by an increasing number of users all over the world. Long- term use of electronic devices, activity on social media and even obsessive involvement in online games are becoming more widespread and are generating serious side effects among various age groups. These are health issues such as difficulties with sleep or concentration, increased stress levels, depression, as well as decreased effectiveness and, above all, difficulties in maintaining social relationships. In this article, we will focus on the problem of Internet addiction. We will identify the difficulties that arise in the context of this phenomenon and present some methods that may be useful for people who want to overcome their digital dependencies. We will also present practical approaches and tools that allow you to regain control over your Internet use.

ZAMOR SUOSJEĆANJA I SAGORIJEVANJE KOD STRUČNJAKA U PODRUČJU TRETMANA OVISNOSTI TIJEKOM PANDEMIJE COVID-19

Author(s): Bruno ŠKOVRLJ,Renata Glavak Tkalić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

The aim of this research was to determine the levels of compassion fatigue and burnout in addiction workers and to assess the possibility of prediction of the variance of those variables using mental health workers' work stressors and experienced stress due to changes in working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the moderating effect of compassion satisfaction in the relationship between work stressors and compassion fatigue was tested. 126 addiction workers (79,7 % women) participated in this research. The following instruments were used: Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Mental Health Professional Stress Scale, and Perceived Stress due toChanges in Working Conditions during the COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire, developed for the purpose of this study. Compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout) was determined by client-related difficulties, home-work conflict, relationship and conflicts with other professionals and organisational structure and processes. Burnout (OLBI) was determined by workload-related stress. Compassion satisfaction was found to have a moderating effect in the relationship between work stressors and compassion fatigue. Perceived stress due to changes in working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic predicted both secondary traumatic stress and burnout (OLBI).

MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞI TEDAVİSİNDE İLAÇ KULLANIMININ REDDİNE DAİR NİTEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Merie Meryem KESKİN,Musa GÜREL,İlker AKTÜRK,Ömer Miraç YAMAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2024

This study aims to examine the factors influencing substance-dependent individuals undergoing medication treatment in their decision to reject such treatment. These factors include non-medical treatment methods, functionality, personal beliefs, perceptions, and alternative treatment options. The research focuses on identifying how these elements affect the decision of substance dependents to refuse medical treatment. In this study, which was conducted with substance dependents, qualitative research methods were used, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants using a semi-structured form. Based on the data obtained from these interviews, four main themes emerged: Factors Influencing Medication Rejection, Process and Functionality of Non-Medical Treatment, Beliefs and Perceptions about Medication Treatment, and Trying and Effectiveness of Alternative Treatments to Medication. The reasons for participants' rejection of medication treatment include negative attitudes towards the pharmaceutical industry, side effects of medications, and the role of medication in the treatment of substance dependence. Furthermore, the increased effectiveness of non-medical treatment methods played a significant role in enhancing participants' motivation towards these alternatives. Negative beliefs and perceptions about medication treatment have led to an adverse judgment against it, becoming a significant factor in participants' pursuit of non-medical treatments. Trying alternative non-medical treatments and their impact significantly reduced the sustainability of medication treatment. The limitations in the literature regarding the rejection of medical treatment in substance dependency treatment highlight a significant gap in the development and improvement of treatment methods. In this context, the research holds great importance for developing effective methods and improving existing treatments in substance dependency therapy.

Genç ve Deneyimsiz Sürücülerde Araç Kullanırken Cep Telefonu Kullanma: Sürücü Becerilerinin Rolü

Author(s): Erkin Sarı,Türker Özkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2023

The main aim of this study was to understand the predictors of mobile phone use while driving, focusing on driving skills in young and novice drivers. Specifically, in order to test the hypothesis that perceptual motor skills would positively, and safety skills would negatively predict mobile phone use while driving 218 (125 males, 86 females, 7 did not specify; Mage = 21.4, SDage = 1.28) undergraduate car drivers from a state university in Türkiye were recruited. Participants answered questions on driving skills (i.e., perceptual motor skills and safety skills), cell phone use while driving, and a demographic information form (gender, frequency of driving, number of accidents in the last 3 years). The independent samples t-test revealed that males used mobile phones more while driving and had higher perceptual motor skills. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that perceptual motor skills positively and safety skills negatively predicted mobile phone use while driving. Our findings highlight the need for further work by relevant authorities to develop a more precise understanding of drivers' actual driving skills and to reduce overconfidence or misplaced sense of security. In particular, given that traffic education programs in Türkiye mostly focus on the development of general driving skills and include information about traffic rules, there is a need to include safe driving education programs in driver training programs

Addiction as a Sui Generis Force

Author(s): Matthew B. Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Addiction tends to be misunderstood, including by clinicians. Practicing clinicians are often in the position of having to decide whether certain potentially addictive medications can be prescribed to a patient — thinking that either it is simply not a problem, especially with this, particular patient — or it is a very serious problem with any patient. Their hesitance to prescribe tends to be a result of multiple factors. But one tends to be an identification with the patient. This is clearly a generally important aspect of relating to a patient, but it is probably misguided in the case of a patient’s addiction.

Współczesny styl życia przyczyną zachowań ryzykownych, w tym zażywania środków psychoaktywnych – na przykładzie NSP

Author(s): Damian Nosko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 71/2023

The article addresses one of the most difficult problems to solve at present, i.e. addiction and its causes.The author, Dr Damian Nosko, draws a close parallel between addiction to psychoactive substancesand young people’s sense of insurmountable deficits. This most often results from a perceived clash,difficult to rationalize and often impossible to name, between expectations and authentic possibilitiesfor realizing dreams and achieving goals. The essence of the reflections concerns an area related toengaging in risky behaviors, including reaching for psychoactive drugs as an outlet for emotions,forgetting about problems, and a substitute for pursuing real fulfilment. While the author ascribesa huge role in shaping socially desirable attitudes of youth during adolescence to family, they admitthat the pace of life, consumerism, dependence on technological achievements and on mass media, aswell as a lack of conclusive legal regulations do not facilitate the struggle for the well-being of youngpeople and create a convenient possibility of raising a next generation of unfulfilled adults who arealso predisposed to addictions.