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GOVERNANCE, URBAN COMPETITIVENESS AND CRISIS IN SPAIN

Author(s): Xosé Somoza Medina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article describes the rise of the term governance from its beginnings in the business world and the neoliberal economic thought through its application in urban renewal actions in the world’s major cities. Over the analysis, we argue that it was the theoretical discourse of urban governance and competitiveness that for decades enabled the private property sector to direct the urban regeneration processes of greatest added value. Changes in transport infrastructures and the abandonment of old industrial facilities left large central segments of the city available for redevelopment in line with the theories of post-Fordist capitalism. The global economic crisis has paralysed many of these projects, which had entailed the investment of large sums of public money and yielded low social returns. At the same time, criticism has been levelled against governance and strategic planning. Here, I examine the processes of governance and competitiveness as an urban objective and recent examples of urban renewal in Spanish cities.

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URBAN IDENTITY AND IRANIAN NEW TOWNS

Author(s): Musa Pazhuhan,Keramatolah Zayyari,Behnam Ghasemzadeh,Hamid Qurbani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In an era when urbanization on a large scale and at a rapid pace has become a dominant trend, particularly in developing countries, the fundamental issue of urban spaces identity is always being ignored. This is an important issue in two respects. First, it refers to the weakening of the identity elements over time, coinciding with the new development; second, it regards the lack of attention to identity stimulants, and failure in using them in a figurative and semantic manner in a small-scale structure to the macro-scale of urban tissues. The relative identity crisis is particularly apparent in new towns and it is one of the obstacles to attract population into these soulless towns. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the identity of 10 new towns in Iran to achieve a conceptual-cognitive framework for reviewing the above mentioned problem. We conducted this research based on qualitative and quantitative methods and by the use of the Goeller matrix and of a qualitative survey questionnaire. Findings indicate that in terms of selected measures, the new town of Baharestan achieved the first place and the other two towns “Andisheh and Pardis” occupied the next ranks. Results indicate that among new towns under investigation, the new town of Baharestan got the highest rank because its principles of identity were inspired by the principles of the Isfahan School.

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RAIL TRANSPORTATION AND CORE-PERIPHERY RELIANCE IN ISRAEL

Author(s): Orit Rotem-Mindali,Dor Gefen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

Many policy makers suggest that rail is the solution for the development of the periphery, often conceived as a space suffering from under-development and lack of accessibility to the core. However, this policy, promoted around the world, does not consider core-periphery reliance as one of the rail investments' impacts. This study will examine the question: to what extent does the peripheral city, connected to the rail service, has a larger reliance on the core city? This study is a cross-sectional study that focuses on the passenger rail of an existing line to the periphery and of a planned line. The research reveals that rail does not necessarily induce the local development of the periphery but it induces larger reliance on the core.

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HOUSEHOLD/ZONAL SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TOUR MAKING: CASE OF RICHMOND/TRI-CITIES MODEL REGION IN VIRGINIA

Author(s): Xueming Chen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

This paper statistically assesses the impacts of household/zonal socio economic characteristics on tour making within the Richmond/Tri-Cities Model Region, Virginia, United States, based on the dataset made available through the 2009 Virginia National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) Add-On Program. The tour analysis distinguishes nine tour types (three simple tours and six complex tours) stratified by aggregate tour purposes of work (including school and other subsistence activities), maintenance and discretionary. A series of regression model runs have yielded the following conclusions: First, at aggregate level, the number of drivers, median household income, household size, number of workers, and zonal walking modal share are statistically significant and positively impact tour frequency. Tour length and complexity are positively related to household income and number of vehicles, but negatively related to zonal walking modal share. Second, at an individual tour type level, each tour type’s frequency/length/complexity is impacted by a different set of household/zonal socioeconomic characteristics. Zonal socioeconomic characteristics have little or no impacts on household tour making. It is recognized that many unknown factors may also have impacted tour activities, which require further in-depth studies in order to better explain complex tours.

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GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND-USE MIXTURE AND HOME– BASED TRIP MAKING AND MORE: CASE OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

Author(s): Yin-Shan Ma,Xueming Chen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Richmond, Virginia has implemented numerous mixed land-use policies to encourage non-private-vehicle commuting for decades based on the best practices of other cities and the assumption that land-use mixture would positively lead to trip reduction. This paper uses both Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical tools to empirically test this hypothesis. With local land use and trip making data as inputs, it first calculates two common indices of land-use mixture - entropy and dissimilarity indices, using GIS tool, supplemented by Microsoft Excel. Afterwards, it uses Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to calculate the correlation matrices among land-use mixture indices, socioeconomic variables, and home-based work/other trip rates, followed by a series of regression model runs on these variables. Through this study, it has been found that landuse mixture has some but weak effects on home-based work trip rate, and virtually no effects on home-based other trip rate. In contrast, socioeconomic variables, especially auto ownership, have larger effects on home-based trip making.

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RETHINKING THE TERRITORIAL PACT IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COHESION

Author(s): Irina Saghin,Gabriel Pascariu,Daniela Stoian,Ilinca-Valentina Stoica,Daniela Zamfir / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

The authors argue through this paper, the importance of rethinking the recently abandoned tools that can be reactivated in times of crisis. EU 2020 Strategy and other EU documents create a favorable frame in order to achieve the priorities set by reconsidering the territorial pact concept. Recent documents define the partnership agreement concept, which seems to be more rigid and less flexible than the territorial pact. Having as a starter point Romania’s specifics, there are individualized 10 thematic territorial pacts and 8 global pacts. They must generate territorial synergies capable of ensuring the coherence between regions, states and the European Union as a whole.

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ELEMENTS OF THE URBAN IMAGE IN LARGE HABITATS OF BUCHAREST

Author(s): Alexandru Gavriş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

This article outlines the perception of the urban image at micro-territorial level based on an analysis of data resulting from a survey conducted in large human habitats in Bucharest. The identification so achieved reflects numerous spatial similarities of the perceptions of the urban image. The landmarks that the residents of Bucharest have in this respect are in line with the built areas as well as those related to the basic destinations of everyday life. This gives rise to quite a big issue: the people of Bucharest living in such large dwelling compounds are restricted to a superficial knowledge of space. They are impacted by a much too quickly changing urban policy and by permissive building investment rules that have lead to a variegated puzzle of post-communist restructurings where essence is attached to just trivial landmarks.

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Osiedle Jazdów: sen o społecznościowym zarządzaniu

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Osiedle Jazdów: sen o społecznościowym zarządzaniu

Author(s): Jarema Piekutowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 674/2018

Podobno Polacy umieją współpracować, gdy muszą walczyć, ale gdy trzeba budować, nie potrafią stanąć na wysokości zadania. W przypadku Jazdowa jest inaczej. Walka o zachowanie dzielnicy była organicznie spleciona z realizacją marzenia o społecznościowym zarządzaniu.

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Przestrzeń aktywnych obywateli

Author(s): Dariusz Śmiechowski,Ewa Buczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 674/2018

Współzarządzanie przestrzenią łączy się ściśle z pojęciem demokracji obywatelskiej, którą często upraszczamy tylko do uczestnictwa w wyborach swoich reprezentantów. A przecież demokracja może objawiać się właśnie poprzez bezpośrednie współzarządzanie swoim otoczeniem przez obywateli.

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Les agences d’urbanisme françaises et la réforme territoriale de 2015. Étude de cas à Lyon

Author(s): Emmanuel Thimonier‑Rouzet,Lisa Rolland / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

This article specifies the outlines of the French territorial reform (2015) in the light of the case study of Lyon metropolitan area. Within this context, the “Decision Support” of urban planning agencies has to be reconsidered especially with the focus on territorial representations. The paper highlights how urban planning agencies, especially UrbaLyon, deal with the issue of the representations of new territorial configurations, as well as their role in regional planning.

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Kierunki rozwoju szlaków rowerowych w województwie zachodniopomorskim

Author(s): Beata Meyer,Agnieszka Sawińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The West Pomeranian Voivodship possesses various assets of the natural and socio-cultural environment, which influence on the development of active tourism, including cycling. For the development of tourism and cycling, it is necessary to have an appropriate infrastructure, which should ensure not only efficient and safe cycling, but also provide an opportunity to learn about the tourist values of the area. Infrastructure should also allow the use of accommodation, catering and entertainment services. The purpose of the article is to show the possibility of developing bicycle routes in the West Pomeranian Voivodship based on the concept of a cycle route network prepared by the voivodship authorities of the West Pomeranian Voivodship. The first part highlights the importance of transport in tourism and recreation. The second part concerns the principles of creating bicycle routes. In the third part, the place of cycling tourism in the voivodship planning documents was analysed and the main ideas and proposals included in the concept were presented. In conclusion, the main threats were identified and the prospects for development were assessed.

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Scenariusze przemian systemowych górnictwa węgla kamiennego i brunatnego w Polsce a polityka energetyczna państwa. Nieautoryzowany zapis wybranych fragmentów dyskusji Seminarium Energetycznego Collegium Civitas 21 listopada 2017 roku

Author(s): Piotr Ostrowski,Zbigniew Kamieński,Tomasz Sikora,Marian Turek,Stefan Kamiński,Herbert Gabryś,Kazimierz Grajcarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Discussion concerned with following issues: The systemic changes in the coal mining and energy sectors from the perspective of the climate and energy policy of European Union; Twilight of hard coal in Poland, Coal sector in the European Union at the beginning of 21st century – imports displacing production? and the scenario of average costs of electricity up to 2050 in Poland and forecast of electricity prices in tariffs for selected groups of consumers up to 2030.

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The Impact of Multinational Companies from Romania on Increasing the Level of Corporate Social Responsibility Awareness

Author(s): Codruţa Dură,Imola Drigă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The Romanian business scene has recently borrowed the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and this evolution was due to the presence of multinational companies (MNCs) that implemented new practices and activities in this area. Our paper aims to provide a presentation of social responsibility in Romania, based on public reports of multinational companies, studies and reports of several institutions involved, foreign and Romanian literature or websites and other media sources. After a short review of the literature on the CSR issue, we have described the main coordinates of CSR implementation within the Romanian business environment: authorities and institutions involved in the process, types of initiatives/actions undertaken by MNCs from Romania, and high priority domains of society that benefit from the support of MNCs. A general image of the stage of CSR development in Romania was captured by a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis on the subject. In the final section of our paper, we analysed the case of Petrom OMV Company, the top CSR player in Romania in recent years, in an attempt to prove that we can find remarkable examples of suitable practices and that these experiences must be disseminated within the overall Eastern European business environment.

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Scientific research activity and GDP. An analysis of causality based on 144 countries from around the world

Author(s): Wiesław Dębski,Bartosz Świderski,Jarosław Kurek / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Using the Granger methodology, this paper presents the causal relationship between scientific research activity, expressed as the number of significant publications, and gross domestic product (GDP). With causality tests, this relationship is investigated from two points of view: for each individual country (144 were selected) and for each specific academic field (28 were selected). Considering annual data from 1996 to 2012, two hypotheses are tested. The first suggests that scientific research activity in a given country has a significant effect on GDP; the second verifies how much each specific field of scientific research activity affects this growth. Our research confirmed the existence of this relationship for a relatively large number of countries, especially highly developed countries and those with a high potential both in the fields of scientific research activity and in GDP. Moreover, this study identifies the most significant fields of this activity that affect GDP. Additionally, the article includes an empirical study regarding how information related to the number of significant scientific publications influenced the quality of Polish GDP forecasts for 2011-2012.

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The Implementation of Fuzzy Logic in Forecasting Financial Ratios

Author(s): Tomasz Korol / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper is devoted to the issue of forecasting financial ratios. The objective of the conducted research is to develop a predictive model with the use of an innovative methodology, i.e., fuzzy logic theory, and to evaluate its effectiveness. Fuzzy logic has been widely used in machinery, robotics and industrial engineering. This paper introduces the use of fuzzy logic for the financial analysis of enterprises. While many current phenomena in finance and economics are fuzzy, they are treated as if they are crisp. Fuzzy logic provides an appropriate tool for modeling imprecise, uncertain and ambiguous phenomena. Because the financial situation of a company is affected by many factors (economic, political, psychological, etc.) that cannot be precisely and unambiguously defined, the approach used in this paper greatly enhances the predictive power of financial analysis and makes it an economically useful tool for the management of enterprises. Empirically, this paper employs three testing samples: Central European enterprises, Latin American companies and global firms. From the verification of these models, it is evident that the refined processes are effective in improving the forecasting of financial situations of all three types of enterprises. The models created by the author are characterized by high efficiency. This study is one of the world’s first attempts to combine ratio analysis with fuzzy logic to predict the financial situations of companies.

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Perspektywa cyklu życia i starzenie się pracowników w aspekcie polityki publicznej

Author(s): Magdalena Dobrzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

Demographic changes in European societies influence the ageing of the workforce and changes in career paths of workers in the European Union. Member States and EU agencies take various actions to counteract the negative consequences of the ageing of the workforce. This article discusses the importance and practical application of the life-course perspective in the activities of EU agencies. Its first part outlines the problem of the ageing of the workforce . Next, the article presents the life-course perspective as a theoretical concept in social policy and its relevance to the concept of ageing. Then, the article describes the legal basis, the programme and the activities undertaken by four EU agencies. The summary predicts future trends in public policies towards the ageing of the workforce together with arguments in favour of the need for a holistic approach.

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Prognozy naukowych wizjonerów a powszechne poglądy o roli nauki we współczesnym świecie

Author(s): Łukasz Jach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2017

In the popular works of charismatic scientists you can find messages which present scientific code as the only appropriate way of speaking about reality. However, the history of science shows that strongly optimistic opinions about the role of the elements of the scientific system in the process of overcoming all the problems of humanity are not a new phenomenon. From the psychological point of view, it is interesting to identify the conditions of shaping of attitudes towards science among people who meet popular scientific information every day. In the article some results of works on psychological tool designed to examine many aspects of strongly scientistic worldview described as “scientotheism” were presented. During researches on the sample of 508 adult Poles, from the primary set of questionnaire items we selected these which were characterized by the highest level of accordance of examined people’s attitudes. Because of the high level of agreement/disagreement, answers connected with these items can be perceived as a sample survey of common convictions about the role of the elements of scientific system in the contemporary world. Analysis of collected data shown that examined people perceived scientific research as rather useful activity which brought the real increase of knowledge about world, gave them tools to cope with common problems and had positive influence on everyday life. On the other hand, common convictions of the examined people were that there were phenomena which cannot be scientifically explained and that forecasts which said that we would achieve the full knowledge about the world could not be serious. Furthermore, respondents frequently thought that science could only partially reduce common fears. Commonly they contested also the statement that science could erase conflicts which occurred among people.

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UŻYTECZNOŚĆ METOD PROGNOZOWANIA SPRZEDAŻY Z ZASTOSOWANIEM RELACJI PRZEWYŻSZENIA – ELECTRE TRI

Author(s): Ryszard Budziński,Mariusz Doszyń,Bolesław Borkowski,Artur Wiliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article contains a multi-criteria procedure for determining the usefulness of using sales forecasting methods in an enterprise. The problem is to assess the application of the DSS 3.0 decision support system to choose the best prognostic method.

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Challenging policy barriers in sustainable urban design

Author(s): Janis Birkeland / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2018

In built environment design, codes set minimum health and safety requirements, policies set aspirational targets, and incentives such as green building rating schemes set design standards. These approaches have failed to provide universal wellbeing and environmental justice (i.e. intra-generational equity), or increases in the natural life-support system that exceed depletion rates (i.e. inter-generational equity). Governments that do not ensure all citizens can obtain basic needs, life quality and resource security fail to meet their basic responsibilities. Two recent documents, one representing sustainable urban policy and principles, the other representing urban biodiversity standards, are examined against the Positive Development Test (whether the development increases the public estate, ecological base and future public options). The discussion suggests that contemporary policies and incentive schemes, as presently conceived, cannot provide the basic physical preconditions for sustainability, let alone address socio-economic inequities. An alternative design-based approach is presented to address the issues the paper identified.

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Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks

Author(s): Davide Marino,Luigi Mastronardi,Agostino Giannelli,Vincenzo Giaccio,Giampiero Mazzocchi / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2018

The demographic processes of the last decades have led to variations in urban and peri-urban territorial configurations, questioning the patterns of traditional productive localisation. They have begun to outline new perspectives related to proximity to trading and commerce sites as well as to the services offered by the city. Business strategies, such as multifunctionality and diversification, have begun to consider these new possibilities that, at a larger scale, have triggered the process of territorialisation. The study analyses the influence of proximity to the city on the strategies of farms diversifying income through short food chains, with the aim of identifying the prevailing behaviours adopted in three different concentric areas at the urban centre of gravity: peri-urban, belt and rural. The study involves a dataset constituted by 217 farms, where each farm has been associated with a set of explanatory variables that outline some structural, social and economic characteristics. The sample has been segmented through a hierarchical cluster analysis, which allowed us to identify 5 groups of farms, after having reduced the number of variables through PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The results show that short food chains and, more generally, AFNs, are based on strategies alternative to those of traditional chains, and which involve a different economic dimension of the same chains and the construction of a different place-based agro-food system, also envisaging a re-localisation of space near the final market.

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