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Kortalan szervezetek?

Author(s): Katalin Tardos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Age discrimination is one of the most frequent grounds of discrimination in employment, particularly for those aged 55 years and over, both in Hungary and the European Union. As a result, lower levels of employment rates compared to the active age population and a more vulnerable labour market positon has been a long-term trend for the younger and more mature age groups. Hence, it is extremely important to explore what strategies employers develop for the age composition of their workforce and to what extent they encourage age-friendly human resource practices and workplace diversity and equality systems that enable the employment of people belonging to different age groups and generations with higher probability. Employers’ age-related strategies and practices have not been considerably researched in Hungary to date. This paper analyses employers’ age-related human resource management practices and diversity and inclusion initiatives based on an online questionnaire completed by a sample of 121 companies. Using cluster analysis three different age-related company strategies have been identified as the inclusion and exclusion of younger and more mature age groups significantly differed in the organisations of each cluster. An important finding of the research was that age-friendly human resource management initiatives were less developed in companies that were characterised by an imbalanced age composition. Furthermore, it has been revealed that more developed age-friendly human resource management practices correlate with lower levels of exclusion based on age, but not with a balanced age composition requiring more in-depth structural changes on behalf of the company.

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Etyka w zawodzie doradcy finansowego

Author(s): Łukasz Maciej Mitek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2016

The article attempts to analyse the ethical behavior of financial planners contained in selected codes of ethic and indicates a few problems arising in this profession. The codes of ethics show similarities, however the author points to the need for further research on the development of ethical standards as well as their implementation, application and enforcement.

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Health Promotion for Older People in Portugal

Author(s): Roberto Falvo,Andrea Poscia,Nicola Magnavita,Daniele Ignazio La Milia,Agnese Collamati,Umberto Moscato,Iwona Kowalska-Bobko,Alicja Domagała,Gisele Câmara,Andreia Costa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

In a country like Portugal where life expectancy is very high, Health Promotion for Older People (HP4OP) is a relevant issue and specific strategies are considered within priority health programmes defined at the national level by the Directorate-General of Health on behalf of the Ministry of Health. The National Health Plan 2016–2020 includes directives to facilitate health promotion and access to health and social services, as well as to reduce the burden of chronic diseases. HP4OP funds and resources derive mainly from the Ministry of Health and also from the Ministry of Labour, Solidarity and Social Security. Moreover, institutions can access European and other funds to develop projects in this field and some municipalities also finance projects and initiatives. Health plans, strategies and programmes outlined at the national level are adopted by Regional Health Administrations and the Groups of Health Centres guide implementation at the local level through dedicated units that work within the primary health care context. The integration of both social and health actions in terms of HP4OP depends on collaboration between the Ministry of Health; the Ministry of Labour, Solidarity and Social Security; municipalities; institutions in the cooperative and social sector and other stakeholders such as families, educational institutions, religious communities and health professionals. As a whole, health promotion policies for the older people in Portugal tackle the social determinants of health too. Nevertheless, a systematic approach and an integrated strategy to tackle HP4OP might constitute an important condition for the full implementation of such policies. Additionally, fragmentation of initiatives at the regional and local levels, together with other barriers to addressing health promotion activities among health professionals, might lead to the non-homogeneous implementation of interventions of HP4OP throughout the country. It is expected that many of these constraints will be overcome with the launch and implementation of the intersectoral National Strategy for the Promotion of Active Ageing from 2017.

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A Greek tragedy of our time? Institutional and financial dimension of Health Promotion for Older People in Greece

Author(s): Milena Pavlova,Yannis Skalkidis,Wim Groot,Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta,Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Despite the numerous legislative documents and public health institutions in Greece, the country lacks a comprehensive and robust long-term policy perspective in the public health area. The traditionally higher priority attached to curative care than to public health actions, is the major reason of the shortcomings. This country report draws upon several national reports focused on the Greek health system, and other country-specific sources in order to outline the major institutional and financing challenges for health promotion in Greece, and specifically health promotion for older adults. The paper is based on the method of narrative literature review. The findings show that health promotion actions for elderly persons do take place in Greece but mainly in urban areas and/or within the framework of EU-funded projects. Government efforts are required to stimulate coordinated public health interventions at the local level focusing on the positive effects of health promotion. The health promotion programs that are successfully implemented, should receive the necessary government support to assure their long-term sustainability.

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Unii widoki na przyszłość

Author(s): Piotr Buras / Language(s): Polish Issue: 668/2017

Obszarów, w których Unia Europejska ma widoki na przyszłość, jest sporo. Polski dylemat europejski polega na tym, że nie istnieje ani polityczny konsens, ani przyzwolenie społeczne, by uczestniczyć w którymkolwiek z tych projektów integracyjnych. A to one wyznaczać będą zapewne parametry Unii Europejskiej przyszłości. Eurosceptycyzm rządu i kunktatorstwo dużej części opozycji mogą się zemścić. Nie tylko dlatego, że Polska znajdzie się na dłużej w kręgu tzw. drugiej prędkości integracji, mając ograniczony wpływ na wielką politykę. Gorzej, że negatywne konsekwencje tego stanu rzeczy – mniejsze korzyści z UE, poczucie członkostwa drugiej kategorii i problemy wewnętrzne (np. kryzys sektora energetycznego czy przemysłu zbrojeniowego za kilka lat) – łatwiej zrzucić będzie na karb polityki „złej” Unii niż naszych własnych fałszywych wyborów. A wtedy pytanie o widoki na przyszłość UE w Polsce może stać się paliwem politycznym o bardzo niebezpiecznym potencjale.

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Türkiye’nin Yumuşak Güç Sembollerinden Türk İşbirliği Koordinasyon Ajansı ve Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı’na Genel Bakış

Author(s): Kürşad Emrah Yıldırım,Ali Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2017

Sometimes showing its power as economic and military and sometimes showing as culture, tradition and education except these instruments can be adopted by the countries as a foreign policy. In the World, the axis of the power changes with the effects of globalization and it makes change the manner of applied power. These implementations which are nonviolence and encourage the other countries to be allies with some attractive elements can be described as a soft power. Some institutions take part in an active way in soft power implementations. In this study, it has been studied to analyse Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency and Abroad Turks and Related Communities Presidency, is one of the important institution that Turkey uses it in the soft power implementations.

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Analiza strategiczna i kształtowanie strategii przedsiębiorstwa jednoproduktowego na przykładzie Warszawskich Zakładów Mechanicznych „PZL-WZM” w Warszawie SA

Author(s): Jacek Chwałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

An aim of considerations is to present some methodological aspects connected with the use of the strategical analysis for formation of the strategy of the specific enterprise manufacturing one type of the product destined for the procurement market. The Warszawskie Zakłady Mechaniczne ”PZL-WZM” w Warszawie SA, in result of adjustment processes has become a renowned manufacturer of diesel engine fuel injector nozzles operating in the market for spare parts (the so-called automotive aftermarket), being substitutes of original products. In his article, the author showed that with the help of relatively simple methods of analysis and strategical planning, with lack of specific and precise information on the specific, highly specialised product segment of the procurement market, it is possible to work out basic strategical decisions related to the optimal path of development of the one-product enterprise. A crucial strategical problem is stratification of demand for products of different technological generations. The analysis of competitors indicates that the leading imitators of original products must follow the technological leaders, what is the key factor of retention of the competitive position of the brand imitator. The analysis with the help of Ansoff matrix allows indication of the optimal development path and with the help of the BCG matrix – the product strategy issuing from that path. An implication of the adopted strategy is retention of the unique assets and competences as well as jobs. The article is of the methodological and case study nature.

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Tukididom protiv procesora: zašto je strateško mišljenje važno i u 21. veku

Author(s): Dragan R. Simić,Dragan Živojinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2013

This paper examines the significance of strategic thinking in a world in which the inflation of events and the surplus of information makes this thinking harder. It consists of three parts: in the first one the authors reflect on the crisis of strategic thinking in the international relations after the Cold War; the second part uses the example of George Frost Kennan and the way he had developed the strategy of containment towards the Soviet Union, to point at the importance of reading the classic authors of strategic thinking for the development of new strategies and policies. The third part of the paper deals with the usefulness of the strategic thinking today.

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Mathematical Model of Modern Economy

Author(s): Mykola Dubovikov / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2014

There is conducted an analysis of statistical results of economic activity of the largest companies of the world in 2013 based on the data of the Forbes magazine. The innovative market model (ІММ) of open market is applied for this analysis. This IMM was developed before. The innovative market model (ІММ) of open market is confirmed by statistical material of the world economy. This model allows forecasting and affecting objective factors, influencing profitability and prospects of growth of efficiency of the company, and is applied for increase of its capitalisation

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Możliwości osiągnięcia celów wyznaczonych w Strategii Europa 2020 w zakresie finansowania działalności B+R w polskich regionach

Author(s): Joanna Staśkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

In her study, the author examined the possibility to achieve the objectives assigned in the Europe 2020 Strategy and in the National Programme of Reforms Europe 2020 as regards financing R&D activity in the Polish regions. She presented and assessed tendencies in financing R&D activity in Polish regions upon Poland’s accession to the European Union. The comparative analysis comprised the changes in the scale and structure of financing research and development activity in the Polish provinces against the background of the national and EU average. The surveys show that the growth of outlays on R&D to the level of 1.7% of GDP till the year 2020 is possible only in 4 regions of Poland, whereas it is impossible to achieve in the same timeperiod the level of 3% of GDP both in any Polish region and in the EU on average.

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Przydatność danych jakościowych w modelach prognostycznych kredytów konsumpcyjnych dla osób prywatnych

Author(s): Robert Skikiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

In this research article, there was made an assessment of applicability of qualitative data stemming from business tendency survey conducted by the National Bank of Poland among chairmen of credit committees. The indicators obtained on the basis of the above-mentioned survey results proved high importance as independent variables in autoregressive models with distributed lags (ADL) estimated for consumption loans for private persons. The prove is both the higher fit of model data to empirical data in the case of ADL models as well as the higher accuracy of obtained forecasts compared to the autoregressive model.

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Systemy wsparcia decyzyjnego w planowaniu partycypacyjnym

Author(s): Józef Sasik,Szymon Szewrański,Jan Kazak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

Implementation of the sustainable development idea into practice is strongly associated with an increase of citizens’ activity in the decision-making process about common good. It is a basic requirement in good practices for the governance idea. One of the decision-making process topics is spatial planning. The increase of social participation in spatial planning must be accompanied by appropriate techniques and tools to support decision-making. An aim of this research is to check the possibility of using such solutions supported by data available in the Polish spatial planning system. The paper presents the possibilities of using CommunityViz software to calculate sample indicators which show the impact of spatial planning decisions. The study includes not only economic but also demographic and environmental impact of the proposed solutions.

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Zrównoważony rozwój w polityce regionalnej – strategia rozwoju kraju 2020 a strategia rozwoju województwa łódzkiego 2020

Author(s): Anna Gust / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The aim of the study is to determine the status of the relationship between strategic development plans in Poland and the concept of sustainable development. In practice, to assess the degree of absorption of the sustainable development concept in the regional policy, in particular, at the provincial level. The basis of the study is a relational matrix of the National Development Strategy 2020 and the Regional Development Strategy of Lodz in 2020 in terms of sustainable development. The analysis of documents shows that both the national and provincial level of absorption of the concept of sustainable development into the content of strategy remains high. It is reasonable to consider sustainable development as the universal development strategy. Especially since its main premise is permanent improvement of the quality of life of not only today’s but also future generations by balancing the ratio between the economic, human and natural capital.

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Gvozdeni zakon finansijskih tržišta: samoispunjavajuća predviđanja i špekulativni usponi i padovi

Author(s): Ognjen Radonjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

This paper discusses the factors which, in the absence of strong financial regulation, sustain the Iron Law of the Financial Markets asserting that speculative booms and busts occur more or less regularly from 17 century to the present. The first factor is that financial markets are self-fulfilling system. The second is that human nature does not change and is based on egoism, materialism, loss aversion, exaggerated hopes and fears, emulation, propensity to gamble, herd behavior and so on. Lastly, there is the extreme brevity of the financial memory. In order to enable economic authorities and/or individuals to detect timely that the unsustainable boom is under the way, we have identified the common features of historically recorded speculative episodes. Stages through which the system passes on its way from unsustainable rise to inevitable fall are: displacement, boom, overtrading, financial distress and discredit or revulsion.

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Planowanie działalności marketingowej polskich przedsiębiorstw na eurorynku – rozważania teoretyczne

Author(s): Marcin Komor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

In his article, the author undertook deliberations on planning marketing activities of Polish enterprises in the area of Euromarket. There are discussed the issues connected with the notion of marketing planning as one of the components of marketing controlling. There are presented and explained the notions of strategic, tactical and operational planning in activities carried out in the Euromarket. Moreover, the author presented the emergence and functioning of the European internal market, the concept of Euromarketing and chances of Polish enterprises in the Euromarket. There are also presented and discussed the role and importance of individual instruments for planning and steering in foreign activities in the Euromarket.

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Strategic planning and organizational effectiveness in social service organizations in Portugal

Author(s): Marisa R. Ferreira,João F. Proença / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This study aims to understand the reality of social service organizations, the level of implementation of strategic planning as well as the impact of its application on organizational effectiveness. Firstly, we will group organizations in clusters according to the level of strategic planning implementation and its degree of effectiveness. Secondly, we will conduct the analysis of those groups. Given the growing number of social service organizations and the consequent complexity of their structures, there is a need for these organisations to adopt formal management techniques. Strategic planning is one of such - a valuable strategic management tool and one of its main objectives is to make organizations more effective. Therefore, the research has been conducted in order to determine if strategic planning is implemented in social service organizations and what effects has its application had on organizational effectiveness. The survey, applied to 220 social service organizations, allowed us to group them into different clusters, showing that different levels of strategic planning determine distinct degrees of organizational effectiveness. We believe that the findings of this research may be relevant to decision makers in such organizations, since the research has shown that the adoption of strategic planning has a positive influence on organizational effectiveness of social service organizations.

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Practitioners’ view of the role of OOH advertising media in IMC campaigns

Author(s): A. T. Roux / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Despite the traction that contemporary out-of-home advertising has gained in the global media landscape, there are still some ambiguities regarding the contribution of this medium in the context of integrated marketing communication. Previous studies have examined consumers’ responses to different out-of-home advertising media types; however, little attention has been paid to how they could contribute to an overall integrated marketing communication (IMC) program. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to explore a practitioner’s view of the role of out-of-home advertising media in an integrated marketing communication campaign. Investigating knowledgeable practitioners’ perspectives and practices helped to reveal novel media planning techniques applied by specialists in the field and contributed to the limited theory on out-of-home advertising media planning. The three roles performed by out-of-home advertising media within this context: support; lead; or even as the only media, were clarified. Some unique media tactics to reach marketing communication objectives on cognitive, affective or behavioural levels and direction for future research were also proposed.

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Business owner and manager’s attitudes towards financial decision-making and strategic planning: evidence from Croatian SMEs

Author(s): Marina Klačmer Čalopa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The main goal of the paper was to explore the attitude of business owners and managers in the small and medium sized companies (SMEs) in Croatia toward financial decision-making and strategic planning. In addition, it is attempted to identify managers’ styles and entrepreneurial skills, as well as the level of their financial knowledge. Data was gathered using online questionnaire method and analyzed with standard tools of descriptive statistics. The research sample consisted of 106 respondents from SMEs in Croatia (14% response rate). Research results reveal that business owners and managers are concerned about financial results but, unfortunately, do not influence the financial decision-making in all of its stages. The study could contribute to a better understanding of attitudes of Croatian SMEs business owners and managers toward financial decision-making and strategic planning.

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Odgovornost vodstva u procesu potpunog upravljanja kvalitetom (TQM)

Author(s): Faruk Jašarević,Ermin Kuka,Adnan Džindo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2017

Responsibility of leadership includes requirements, permanently required for the improvement in the organization performance. An organization leadership defines unique goal of the organization, which creates and maintains internal environment, in a way that all the associates have to be fully committed to the achievement of the organization goals. In this process, an important role or the organization lies with the strong commitment towards a buyer (beneficiary) and benefit, being the result of such organization. Top leadership has to define the review of performance effects in the process of strategic decisions. Aspiration towards the quality improvement makes a firm integral part of the strategy within the organization. This process also includes the review and verification of the structure so as to ensure that permanent improvement acts as a generator of the organization development. Orientation towards buyers (beneficiaries) is an important part of the organization and is therefore part of the leadership responsibility. Leadership has to ensure that the needs, requirements, and expectation of buyers (beneficiaries) shape into the usable requirements. To guarantee the overwhelming meeting of the demands of the buyers (beneficiaries) related to the quality products and/or services, it is necessary that the measures aimed at creation and maintenance of the awareness among the associates are orientated towards buyers (beneficiaries). Definition of policies, goals, and plans related to quality, securing the availability of resources, introduction and monitoring of the quality management system, which facilitate that the products and/or services satisfy the prescribed requirements and expectations, has to be a part of special interests of the leadership.

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Značaj makroprudencijalne politike kod upravljanja sistemskim rizicima u cilju očuvanja financijske stabilnosti

Author(s): Haris Šarganović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2017

The global financial crisis of the XXI century showed serious gaps and deficiencies in the control and management of systematic risks with the goal of maintaining global financial stability. The fall of the Dow Jones index as well as other actions at the world stock markets was the beginning of the global financial crisis but also the alarm to create a new policy that would timely diagnose systematic risks, enforce specific measures as well as mitigate deviations of systematic risks. The action of macroprudential policy in the financial markets significantly reduces the possibility of the so-called '' Inflatable balloon ', and thus the total accumulation of systematic risk. The idea of the macroprudential policy is not yet clearly-defined, and therefore it is necessary to have a constant construction of such a policy by which the instruments for monitoring of systematic risks, indicators of systematic risks expansion, as well as measures for financial stability would be perfected. The idea of this paper, based on the prominent literature, is to point out the necessity implementing the macroprudential policy in order to preserve financial stability. The analytical results of this study point out the fact that only through simultaneous and synchronized action of many different instruments of macroprudential policies, a maximum and positive effect on the maintenance of financial stability can be achieved.

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