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In this paper I am analyzing the audience of the portal Ecofeminizam. I am suggesting that ecofeminism in Serbia can only »revive« with activism through new media and social networks, which can be noticed during the analysis of the portal Ecofeminizam. In the research I use the method of analyzing content, that is, the most interesting media content for direct visitors to the portal, as well as those who visit the website Ecofeminizam through social networks. The analysis also includes elements characteristic of Internet media such as multimedia or hypertextuality.
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Digital learning, although it primarily implies the use of information and communication technologies, primarily depends on the experience of reality in a virtual sociality. Therefore, the interaction of librarians, teachers and students in digital reality is as important today as in physical (reality), which makes the process of using, as well as creating and disseminating, information resources even more complex and demanding, but also challenging. Considering the potential of redesigning the role of (school) libraries, turning them into centers of information and media literacy would be a strategic backbone of innovation in modern digital learning destinations.
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This chapter presents the results of researches conducted by the Institute for Social Science Research of the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Sarajevo for advance of strategic development of media and information literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a) Pilot research of teachers' self-assessment primary and secondary school librarians in Sarajevo Canton; b) Research of self-assessment of competencies of teachers and librarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina; c) Research of competencies of parents and children on the level of media and information literacy as well as advice for future research of competencies of children and youth on media and information literacy.
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The aim of the chapter is to present the technical and legal aspects of the application of Artificial Intelligence in transport in the context of the driver shortage. The authors first outlined the problem of driver vacancies in Poland and the EU, and then presented the technical and legal-ethical considerations for the application of Artificial Intelligence in this area.
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The development of computing technology in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has made it possible that even the current artificial intelligence can not only replace human intelligence in some areas, but can also surpass it with a great advantage. If artificial intelligence can beat any chess player, including world champions, by such a margin that it wins all chess games, the question naturally arises whether artificial intelligence can replace humans in some other intellectual activities, for example in the field of law. This contribution attempts to outline both the performance capabilities of current computing technology and the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to decide in the legal cases in sports arbitration. In doing so, it highlights the strengths and weaknesses of artificial intelligence, the difficulties of its use in sports arbitration, and also suggests possibilities for further developments in this area.
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Artificial intelligence and digital transformation are two important concepts that are often connected. Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of computer systems to perform tasks that require human thinking and decision-making, while digital transformation refers to the application of digital technologies to change the way organizations operate. Recently, artificial intelligence has become a key factor in digital transformation, as it can provide great value in automating and improving business processes, optimizing work, and increasing efficiency. Digital transformation is characterized by multidisciplinarity, and digital technology is the driving force, not the essence of digital transformation. The development of digital technologies has enabled, that is, intensified the mass application of artificial intelligence – AI. In order for the digital transformation to be successful, it should be supported by the application of artificial intelligence, and at the same time, this also means a lean methodological approach to artificial intelligence, because the lean methodology and artificial intelligence are in a synergistic relationship that helps the successful development of business organizations.
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The article deals with issues related to the definition of cybercrime, the ways in which crime manifestsitself in cyberspace, types of cybercrime, creating a profile of criminals in cyberspace. As in traditional criminal investigation, cybercrime profiling is a key component in cybercrime investigations as well. One of the components of this model is the theory by which it will be possible to describe, explain and subsequently predict not only criminal professionalism as a social phenomenon, but also the personality of a modern cybercriminal.
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The last ten years have seen a significant more than 10-fold increase in the number of cyber-attacks worldwide, resulting in an extremely large number of computer records being exposed to unauthorised persons. However, studies by independent international organisations reveal that 95% of these attacks exploiting security breaches could have been prevented. This paper reviews the main international and national standards related to the establishment of security policies and data processing procedures that are able to prevent cyber attacks on personal data, especially in the context of the Internet of Things. The analysis is a qualitative one aimed at highlighting best practices through security policies and processing procedures.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the impact and changes brought by new technologies in international arbitration procedures, what are the prospects for the future development of these tools in a fast-paced environment and how participants are expected to adapt in these off-the chain disputes. The results obtained through the comparative method are relevant for professionals involved in international arbitration. Furthermore, we will analyze the potential disputes arising out of the technology itself and how are these technologies going to shape decision making on a short, medium and long term. We will refer to the manner in which the leading institutions in arbitration and dispute resolution services position themselves. Lastly, we will refer to the potential issues of the parties’ acceptance of the “digital justice” and the prospect of autonomous enforceable arbitral awards.
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The scientific community has been discussing for a long time about the potential of creating an artificial, non-biological, impartial machine with human intelligence, considering that such an innovation with emotional - and not only computational - intelligence could bring many benefits to society, including the legal world. Recently introduced (November 2022) in a more publicly accessible form, the ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) technology is one such artificial intelligence application, part of the OpenAI project, and is essentially built as a conversational interface with the potential to deliver results in a human-like manner. As an artificially intelligent chat-bot, ChatGPT has several functions subsumed to its use and performance, that are rather extensive, and there is a concern whether the ChatGPT technology may be used for judicial decision-making, in which context arises the question whether it can also be hijacked in order to commit criminal offences. The answer is positive, but accepting this fact raises some possible issues in criminal law enforcement practice such as establishing the guilt, the dialogue with the personal nature of the criminal liability, adapting the criminal sanction system to the specific environment of commission, and others, discussed in this article. ChatGPT is certainly the chat-bot of the moment and perhaps even of the year 2023. Formal artificial intelligence (AI) is still in its infancy, but despite its limitations, the ChatGPT technology can already be considered impressive in its timeliness and evolution compared to other automated chats or applications of robotics, as it has the capacity to communicate credibly and convincingly, as a human interlocutor and in real time.
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The word you will find in the interface is to understand the concept of a person and what skills a being must have to be a person. This material also examines the religious perspective on the issue announced in the title. Manufacturers and computer scientists involved in building and training robots for consumers will need to consider the distribution market sector and by implication, the beliefs of the people who are to use this type of artificial intelligence as a tool. In the biblical account of man, it is said that man was created by God by a triumphant counsel: 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness', and by making a person capable of communication, it means that he is a person, because communication makes you a person, but a freely consented communication. The concept of a person has evolved over time so that in the Greek period the man who was not free could only express himself behind a mask, as in the performance of a character in a play today, then in the Roman world, as a man who was not free could only express himself by having a patron who gave social witness for the man to express himself freely. So, freedom of expression was an ability of the human person, of a natural person in the legal sense. The article tries to expose the chosen topic from the perspective of two authors with their particular opinions: the professor of law in communications and new technologies who sees the objective whole of things and the eminent student, Orthodox priest who comes up with particularly interesting arguments. In the preparation of this material, we used an introspective method with qualitative and quantitative values.
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Current national liability rules are not adequate to deal with liability claims for damage caused by AI-based products and services. The specificity of AI systems, their complexity and especially their autonomy and opacity (the so-called "black box" effect) make it difficult for victims to identify who is liable and to prove liability claims. The European Commission's AI policies propose a holistic approach to liability, aiming at adaptations of product liability under the Product Liability Directive and specific harmonisation under the Proposal for a Directive on the adaptation of non-contractual liability rules to artificial intelligence. These two initiatives complement each other to form an effective global civil liability system. They respond to the scenarios in which the risks envisaged by the general framework provided by the Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act) materialise. This paper proposes a first incursion into the liability frameworks for damage caused by AI systems as set out in the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adaptation of the rules on non-contractual civil liability to artificial intelligence (the AI Liability Directive).
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New digital technologies, especially tools for gathering information about persons and legal entities, are inevitable in modern public administration. State financial services and the tax administration represent one of the most critical parts of the administrative bodies, creating vast databases of personal and economic data. The exploitation of various software tools, including artificial intelligence for collecting, grouping and evaluating data sets, poses questions about the legal responsibility of the public administration when using such efficient but also assailable tools to intrude into personal and business privacy and space. The paper examines the new trend in the European Union for utilising digital technologies for public financial services. Based on the Czech tax control experience, the paper highlights the procedure's possible risks and weak spots. The paper points out possible benefits both for addressees and public authorities. The paper focuses on the responsibility of the public authority for the accuracy, completeness, and protection of registered data. The authors underline the specifics of the legal responsibility for introducing artificial intelligence into state financial services. The paper concludes with business and legal practice proposals when interacting with public financial administration. The authors examine the mentioned challenges through desk research and analyses of European and national legal regulations. In their considerations and proposals, the authors also lean on their practical experience with public administration.
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The main objective of the study is to present the benefits and opportunities arising from the presence of Intelligent Transport Systems in Łódź. The first part of this chapter explains the concept of Smart City and its essence in the modern world. Then the question of Intelligent Transport Systems and their development path was raised. The empirical part presents modern transport systems introduced in Łódź and the effects of their application. The results of a survey conducted on drivers moving around Łódź and people using local public transport were also taken into account.
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The starting point of this article is that it is difficult not to analyse the impact of the pandemic on society and collective thinking. Many people around the world are re-evaluating their approach to work, earning, the role of material security, and many other fundamental issues that give their lives meaning. The massive scale of the phenomenon made it possible to speak of a global social experiment, the subject of which is the working man, interpersonal relations in the workplace, organisational culture, not to mention the issue of productivity and the quality of work performed.This article analyses remote work during the pandemic. The most common form of this was, of course, working from home. This ‘homecoming’ caused by the pandemic makes researchers reflect on the impact of this on the private lives, careers, work relationships or job satisfaction of a huge number of people. The author also raises the question of emerging expectations and even claims on both sides of the employ- ment relationship after the pandemic. Relevant to this problem are the generational differences within society.An important social issue is that people of certain professions can work remotely: experts of a different kind, managers, teachers, journalists, artists. However, there are many employees who are responsible for activities which cannot be done remotely. We refer to this group as „essential workers”. It is thanks to them that, for example, public transport and commerce functioned during the pandemic. One of the moral lessons of this tragic period – as the article’s author points out – was that we saw how important their role was and how much they risked and sacrificed for the general public.
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Society is undergoing a fundamental transformation because of increasing digitalization, which offers great opportunities in all areas of social life, but it also poses new challenges for individuals. While the internet has provided children with access to a wealth of information and fostered creativity, it also poses risks to children’s well-being. Moreover, there are concerns about how digital technology may exacerbate the existing social disparities. Drawing on sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of ‘habitus’, this study takes an interdisciplinary approach by combining sociology, computer science, and public health to explore the potential of promoting mental health equity in an increasingly digitalized age. It proposes that children’s virtual connectivity is another ‘habitus’ in their life, layered with children’s social background factors in conjunction with their digital capital and digital engagement experiences, exerting influences on their mental health. We collected quantitative data with survey interviews from 301 adolescents in the U.S. Statistical models are processed to empirically examine the patterns in their digital engagement and mental health outcomes. The associations between children’s social background factors, digital engagement experience, and mental health outcomes are also examined. This study contributes to illuminating the dimensions of critical dialogues about building equitable societies to enhance individual flourishing in an increasingly digitalized era. It further enriches the current sociological literature on the analysis of the social impacts of new digital technologies by highlighting children’s experience of digital disparities.
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Highlighting the evolution and importance of electronic passports in Romania, respectively the security risk associated with cyber attacks against the system for issuing these documents, represents a first pillar in the development of strategies to protect national security. Adopting a proactive approach in managing cyber risks in ensuring the security of the electronic passport issuance system, respectively the security of citizens' personal data, is necessary to provide an optimal climate of trust, both for the national/European/international order and security structures, and for the well-being of the citizens who request such documents. It can be seen that attackers or impostors develop various strategies to identify and gain access to data in electronic passports in order to exploit or compromise them. Many of them resort to different methods of accessing the personal data of electronic passport holders in order to falsify them and use them to cross the state border, respectively to alienate them to other potential criminals who want to evade border control. The structures responsible for issuing e-passports implement state-of-the-art high-performance electronic security equipment and systems to counter cyber-attacks, but permanent security methods are required, as attackers resort to modern advanced methods of unauthorized access.
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