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Youth - Social ornament or social capital?

Author(s): Miloš Knežević,Petar Đukanović / Language(s): English

The project “Young people in Montenegro – social ornament or social capital?” seeks to contribute to the empowerment of young people in Montenegro and to their active participation in the promotion of democratic values that also lie at the foundation of the European Union. More specifically, the objective of this project is to raise the awareness of the public and interested parties about the issues, problems and the prospects of young people in Montenegro, as well as to strengthen the capacities of young people for active participation in social and political processes. The importance of this project is reflected in the fact that it provides a comprehensive insight into one of the most marginalised social groups in the Montenegrin society – a group that is often talked about, but whose needs, opinions, views and potential have never been adequately recognised or assessed. Consequently, the young people lack the tools to confront the challenge of carving a place for themselves in the society and exerting influence on the current affairs.

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Съвременни прояви на морско пиратство и въоръжени грабежи на кораби и схващания за борба с тях

Author(s): Valentin Velkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report outlines: the current situation in the Red Sea and the Somali Basin, examining its impact on international maritime transport. Discussed are key principles of international law and organizations involved in combating piracy and armed robbery, detailing incidents occurring from 2019 to 2023. The mission and tasks of Operation “Atalanta”, which is one of the primary anti-piracy operations in the Somali Basin, are described along with the current situation in the Area of Operation (AOO). The report briefly narrates the situation with M/V Ruen. It outlines conditions under which the use of Bulgarian Naval Forces in countering piracy is feasible. The paper proposes some directions for addressing piracy and armed robbery issues.

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Incidence of Fake News Shared on Social Networks and Risk Assumed by University Students

Author(s): Carlos Arturo TORRES-GASTELÚ,Joel Angulo-Armenta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of university students towards fake news by assessing the relationship between the incidence of fake news shared by themselves within their social networks and the risk assumed by students when sharing news they do not fully trust. Quantitative study through the application of a survey using a Likert scale applied to 313 students from different careers of the Faculties of Administration and Pedagogy of the Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. Processing was carried out with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results point out the correlation between the risk assumed and the cases of false news shared indicating the existence of cases in university students with little predisposition to inquire into the reliability of the information, and who in turn, risk sharing it anyway. The variables of sex, age, semester, and educational program do not influence the risk that students assume when sharing news. However, students who claim not to share news they distrust also share fake news they do believe in on their social networks.

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COVID-19 tracing app in Serbia: How to pave the road with trust, transparency and inclusion

Author(s): Milena Lazarević,Dragana Bajić / Language(s): English

Governments across the globe are increasingly using digital tools to accelerate the tracking of people infected with COVID-19 and their contacts as a key measure to prevent the pandemic’s spread. Among potential solutions, contact tracing mobile applications have emerged as the most used and discussed, and it is likely that many governments, including Serbia’s, will include them in national public health efforts. Nevertheless, issues of privacy and data protection, and low public trust and user acceptance can prevent these apps from being used, which is why Serbia’s government needs to ensure a good understanding and respect of citizens’ concerns before proceeding with the implementation of one. Given the comprehensive EU-level discussions towards finding the best possible common solution aligned with the Union’s robust personal data protection policies, little can go wrong if Serbia follows European approaches. This can also help rea rm the country’s pro-European orientation.

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Drawing the Links to Human Rights and Investing in People

Author(s): Maja Bjeloš,Marija Pavlović / Language(s): English

Cybercrime and cybersecurity have become critical issues in Serbia, reflecting a global trend of increasing cyber threats. In 2020, Serbia experienced approximately 26 million significant cyberattacks, including unauthorized data collection and intrusions into ICT systems. Citizens also faced severe violations of privacy, an uptick in attacks on human rights defenders, and challenges related to emerging technologies like biometric surveillance. Public concerns highlight the risk of these technologies being misused against citizens amid democratic backsliding. Recent incidents, such as internet fraud targeting major institutions and a cyberattack on Serbia's cadastre, underscore the urgent need for robust cybersecurity measures. Despite advances in the legal framework—anchored by the 2016 Law on Information Security and aligned with EU standards—implementation lags behind the evolving threats. Serbia’s cybersecurity landscape includes provisions for protecting critical infrastructure and digital networks while addressing cybercrime through international conventions like the Budapest Convention. The Belgrade Centre for Security Policy conducted a baseline analysis and interviews with stakeholders in early 2022 to evaluate the effectiveness of Serbia’s institutional and legal response to cybersecurity challenges. Although the country has made significant progress in legislative development, the enforcement of these measures remains insufficient to address the growing complexity of cyber threats. The report emphasizes the necessity for the state to uphold human rights and the rule of law while enhancing its capacity to combat cybersecurity risks effectively.

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Дигиталните разкази в предизборните кампании

Author(s): Maryana Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report examines the concept of „digital narrative“, with a focus on clarifying the nature and application of digital narrative in election campaigns, with the aim of collecting and systematizing my currently available scientific information in the indicated direction. The concept of 125 „digital narrative“ is central to my dissertation research and the information referenced here will be used in it. In clarifying the essence of the digital narrative, the following methodological framework was used: who is the subject of the digital narrative, i.e. who is the digital storyteller, what is the digital story in terms of classical communication models, what are the possible applications of the digital story. This methodological framework predetermines the structure of the present exposition. The application of digital storytelling in campaign communications is explored in a one-day special.

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Трудът и заетостта чрез онлайн платформи – случаят на България в сравнителна перспектива

Author(s): Margarita Kosheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report outlines work and employment through online platforms in four member countries of the European Union – Bulgaria as part of Eastern Europe and Sweden, Spain and Portugal as part of Western Europe. It is based on a review of existing publications on the topic, as well as a small number of in-depth interviews with food delivery platform workers in Bulgaria. The report first explains the two main developments of technological transformation, then considers the meaning of online labor platforms, quality of labor, concludes by comparing the four countries in terms of status, payment, prevalent type of service provision, satisfaction, workers profile, representation and protection, and share of online platform workers.

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Акценти в теоретичното осмисляне на феномена “дигитално разслояване“

Author(s): Vladislava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current study is focused towards the phenomenon „Digital divide“, as a new form of social divide and inequality in contemporary information (Toffler), networked (Castells), post-industrial (Bell) society. The study has a referential-analytical character insofar as it presents the results of a literature analysis of the main scientific studies of the problem of „digital divide“, looking for the characteristic definitional outlines of the phenomenon, on which to propose a working definitional basis of the concept. Based on the referential analysis, suggestions for indicators of digital divide are derived, analogous to Weber's classical indicators of social division in society – material status, power and authority.

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Blockchain Technology (Billing and Energy Trading) in Smart Energy Grids (Energy Communities)

Author(s): Mariya Bozhilova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The rapid transformation of the energy sector, driven by the adoption of renewable energy sources and the need for efficient management systems, has led to the emergence of smart energy grids. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and immutable characteristics, presents a promising solution for revolutionizing billing systems in energy communities. Focusing on what impetus blockchain can bring for increasing transparency, speeding up processes, and incepting trust among stakeholders, this paper explores the possible applications of blockchain to energy billing systems. The present paper does this by giving evidence from case studies – including but not limited to the Prosume project in Italy, LO3 Energy's Brooklyn Microgrid, and Power Ledger's xGrid platform – that clearly show the benefits of blockchain in enabling peer-to-peer energy trade automating billing processes, and improving data security. More importantly, it does so by inspiring the audience with the potential impact; blockchain technology contributes significantly to promoting sustainable energy practices. Equipping energy billing systems with blockchain technology will promote sustainability and improve productivity with only concerns related to scalability and some regulations. To help foster a wider adoption of blockchain solutions within smart energy grids – this study closes with recommendations for future research, standard development and regulatory framework.

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