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Терміни розмноження та розмір кладки у Parus major та P. caeruleus у Харківській та Сумській областях

Author(s): D. I. Bondarets,A. B. Chaplygina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

Under our supervision were on average 450 artificial nesting in different years. Studies were conducted in 2006–2014 in the conditions of oak forest in national natural park “Homilshanski forests” (Kharkiv region) (49°38' north latitude, 36°18' east longitude), pine forests in National natural park “Hetmansky” (50°22' north latitude, 35°01' east longitude) and broadleaf forest natural boundary Vakalivschyna (Sumyregion) (51°01' north latitude, 34°55' east longitude). We investigated 164 layings of great tits and 38 laying of blue tits. Terms of breeding of birds were determined by the date of laying of the first egg. It was found that tits began to lay eggs at steady transition of the average daily temperature over +4 ºC. Maximum amount of started layings was observed in great tits and blue tits in the conditions of the national natural park “Homilshanski forests” (average size – 12.3 ± 1.50 and 12.8 ± 1.75 eggs, respectively) at +15 ºC, with the size of laying gradually decreasing with higher temperatures. Sizes of full layings in great tits (n = 164) and blue tits (n = 38) in Sumyand Kharkiv regions were found. With regard to the great tit, it varies from 5 to 15 eggs being on average 10.8 ±1.93 inthe conditions of NNP “Homilshanski forests”, at natural boundary Vakalivschyna – 9.3 ± 2.33 and at NNP “Hetmansky” – 9.1 ± 2.28, while for blue tits it is equal to 5–15 eggs, i.e. 11.4 ± 2.09 on average in the conditions of NNP “Homilshanski forests”, at natural boundary Vakalivschyna – 9.3 ± 2.81 and at NNP “Hetmansky” – 10.5. Size of laying for great tits and blue tits, which prevails for each territory, has been established. The largest sizes for great tits are: 11-egg laying (10.9%) in the conditions of NNP “Homilshanski forests”, 11-egg laying (12.7%) dominating at the natural boundary Vakalivschyna and 9- and 10-egg laying (by 3.0%) at NNP “Hetmansky”. 12-egg laying (21.0%) was often found in the nests of blue tits in conditions of NNP “Homilshanski forests”, size of laying which would be dominating in blue tits at the natural boudary Vakalivschyna and NNP “Hetmansky” was not found. The largest number of laying by great tits was started at NNP “Homilshanski forests” in the second decade of April (n = 28), at natural boundary Vakalivschyna – in early May (n = 25), while blue tits started laying eggs at NNP “Homilshanski forests” in the third decade of April (n = 17), at natural boundary Vakalivschyna – in the first (n = 2) and second (n = 2) week in May. Overwhelming number of layings were started by great tits and blue tits at NNP “Hetmansky” in the third week of April.

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Дослідження функціонального стану рослин під час імпульсної світлової стимуляції

Author(s): D.V. Chernetchenko,M.P. Motsnyj,N.P. Botsva,О.V. Elina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

Effective and controlled plants development in artificial conditions today represents an urgent problem. Registration of bioelectrical potentials of the plants is still the best way of evaluation and diagnostics of the physiological functionality state of the biosystem. Very important role is played by an opportunity of continuous and automated control of parameters of vital activity support. This work employs hardware and software system for automated recording of bioelectrical potentials on the basis of USB-device with subsequent processing of signals on PC. We proposed the universal pattern of bioelectrical potentials’ recording which allowed to detect the response of the biological object to photo-stimulation. It can be used for the deeper understanding and investigation of biological mechanisms of electrical potentials’ generation in cells. During the experiments, we change two main parameters: the wavelength and intensity of light. System for bioelectrical potentials’ recording consists of hardware and software parts. Integrated system of recording and biometrical processing was used for analysis of the leaves’ electrical responses to photo stimuli. The dynamics of these potentials was studied, with the quantitative analysis of intensity of light level, where we obtained the minimum and maximum of sensitivity to the light intensity. As a result of modeling, we determined that electrical response of cells to photo-stimulation was based on selective conductivity of cell membrane for Н+ ions. Therefore, we showed the biophysical relation of plant light-induced potentials to the intracellular biophysical mechanisms

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Содержание NCAM в головном мозге и поджелудочной железе крыс в условиях эндогенной интоксикации при экспериментальном хроническом панкреатите

Author(s): V. A. Makarchuk,G. A. Ushakova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

The study was undertaken to examine the influence of chronic pancreatitis on the distribution of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the pancreas and various brain regions of rats under the conditions of endogenous intoxication. The study was conducted using 36 white nonlinear male rats (6 months old, 190–220 g). To develop the state of chronic pancreatitis, animals were subjected to laparotomy under general anesthesia and prolonged occlusion of the pancreatic duct. The morphological examination of pancreatic tissue has been performed to confirm the chronic pancreatitis development in animals. Biochemical evaluation of the pancreatic fibrosis has been performed by measuring plasma levels of hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline and protein-free hydroxyproline. The intensity of free radical oxidation has been assessed by the change in the concentration of TBA-active products in plasma. The level of endotoxemia has been determinedby the content of average weight molecules in plasma. Protein fractions were extracted from the pancreas and various parts of the rat brain and the levels of soluble (sNCAM) and membrane (mNCAM) proteins were studied with the use of the competitive ELISA. Total protein in the obtained fractions was measured by the Bradford assay. Occlusion of the pancreatic duct resulted in significant atrophy of acinar tissue, fibrosis and disfunction of the pancreas along with the decreasing in the antioxidant defense of animals. The present study shows developing of endointoxication in experimental rats, signified by considerable increase of molecules with average weight in plasma due to the activation of lipid peroxidation. It was established that, as a result of the experimental pancreas dysfunction, significant redistribution of soluble and membrane forms of NCAM took place, more especially in the cerebellum and thalamus of rats; it caused changing of cell-cell adhesion in these brain regions. Multidirectional NCAM distribution in the cerebellum and thalamus gives evidence of neuroplasticity as specific adaptation under conditions of chronic pancreatitis.

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Розмір кладки та успішність розмноження синиці великої (Parus major) та блакитної (P. caeruleus) у парках м. Харків

Author(s): A. B. Chaplygina,D. I. Bondarets,N. Savynskaya / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2014

The analysis of clutch size and breeding success of great tits and blue tits is conducted using 115 nests: 92 great tits and 23 blue tits. Nest boxes for small passerine birds were made in 2009–2013 and placed in the city parks in order to improve their ecological condition. Thus, the experimental plots were established in the Central park of culture and recreation named after M. Gorky in the number of 37 nest boxes in the area of about 5 ha; in the territory of Zhuravlevskiy hydropark in the amount of 30 units on two sites on each of 4 ha and 20 units on an area of 2 ha. 20 nest boxes were placed in the forest park along the central motorway of the city. All the nest boxes were placed by the group method (distance between nest boxes was about 10–15 m) at height to 3 m, and entrance diameter of 3 cm. The front wall in such nest boxes is taken out, thus facilitating their further verification carried out during the period from the first ten-day period of April till the second ten-day period of July up to ten times. It was shown that the average size of the full clutch for great tits amounted to 8.9 ± 0.35 (n = 61) and for blue tits 9.5 ± 0.33 (n = 12). The great tits has the largest proportion of 10 (33.5%) and 9 eggs (16.7%) in the clutch. For the blue tits the dominating figure was 10 egg (25.0%) in the clutch of Zhuravlevskiy hydropark and 12 eggs (17.5%) in the clutch in the Gorky park. We determined high success of reproduction for great tits (85.1%) and blue tits (84.0%). On average, per one pair of great tits and blue tits 5.1 ± 0.16 and 8.5 ± 0.38 chicks, respectively, flied the nests. The decreased parameter in breeding success during the existence of an artificial population of great tits was revealed. For example, in Zhuravlevskiy hydropark on average 6.7 ± 0.12 chicks per pair flied the nests during the year of placing the nest boxes. During four years, this value decreased almost by half and amounted to 3.6 ± 0.15 (P < 0.05). For blue tits this dependence was not found. The most productive clutches for great tits were clutches of the third ten-day period in April (89.7%), which on average amounted to 8,9 ± 0.78 chicks per pair. The most successful were ten egg clutches. Share of takeoff chicks amounted to 98.3%, which on average amounted to 9.8 ± 0,18 chicks per pair.

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Біоінформаційний підхід у корекції негативного емоційного стану у щурів

Author(s): D. A. Bevzyuk,N. A. Levicheva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2014

One of the most important problems of modern society is the growth of aggression which leads to crimes, sadism, violence and other antisocial actions. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of development of aggressive behavior and negative aggressive reactions is extremely urgent. Thus, in order to correct the aggressive behavior it is extremely important to develop new methodological approaches. Previous studies have shown that the brain biopotentials provide functional transfer of information. With the help of magnetic or other information carrier, the information can be stored and transmitted remotely from the donor to the recipient and, in that way, can control the behavior of the animal body. Using of biological programs, expressed via the brain biopotentials at their minimum voltage (which is indicated by the amplitude of the frequency spectrum of electrical oscillations in the EEG), it can give therapeutic effect. The aim of the paper is studying of the neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior and usage of bioinformatic programs expressed via the potentials of the brain. In the course of the experiments, we have shown the possibility to use the ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation as a realistic model of negative emotional state. In this model, behavioral indexes (reactions of avoidance, increased vocalizations, negative grooming) correlated with the indexes of electrical activity of brain structures of emotional limbic-neocortical system (numerous epileptiform paroxysms, sharp shocks and complexes with epi components of peak-theta and peak-delta type). The introduction of information expressed in biopotentials of the positive emotional ventrolateral hypothalamus of the brain of donor rat to recipient rats with a model negative emotional state leads to balancing of emotional homeostasis, resulting in disappearance of convulsive components and diffuse affective paroxysms in EEG, and also in manifestations of positive grooming and tranquility. This method of emotional homeostasis correction is suggested as a new method for correction of emotional disorders and is expected to be effective for the further study.

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Оцінка здатності до прямої регенерації у ліній кукурудзи селекційної групи Ланкастер

Author(s): K. V. Derkach,O. E. Abraimova,T. M. Satarova,O. A. Molitva,V. S. Kalugina,M. G. Panasenko,S. S. Pechorna / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

In connection with the necessity of bringing elite maize inbreds of the Lancaster germplasm group, which have potential for cultivation in Ukraine, into the system of genetic tranformation, the aim of this investigation is to identify the ability of maize inbreds of this group to regenerate by direct organogenesis and to determine the optimal mineral basis for their nutritional environment using segments of the node area of shoots. As explantats we used sterile 4-day old seedlings of 4 maize inbreds of Lancaster germplasm and model inbred Chi31 exotic germplasm. The seedlings were obtained by germination of sterile seeds in Petri dishes between two layers of moist sterile filter paper at a temperature of 27 ºC in dark conditions. A single 1 cmlong segment was cut from each from each seedling, running from 0.5 cmbefore the node to 0.5 cmafter the node. A cut was made in each segment of the node in order to create a wounded surface. Explantats were planted in a nutrient environment with mineral bases of MS or N6, modified by the addition of 10 mg/l silver nitrate, 100 mg/l casein hydrolyzate, 690 mg/l L-proline, 30 g/l sucrose, 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dychlorphenoksiacetic acid and 0,1 mg/l abscisic acid. Cultivation was carried out at 25–27 ºC in the light. Direct hemogenesis in this environment on the 14th day of cultivation in vitro reached 100% for each line. This meant that all researched lines of Lancaster germplasm and the model line showed a high capacity for direct regeneration through direct hemogenesis, which does not depend on the composition of the mineral content of their nutritional environment. Callus formation was observed in all genotypes on the 14th day of cultivation in vitro and the extent of its formation increased during the following month of cultivation. The callus formation was observed only at the site of the wounded surface. The calluses were transparent. Although green areas appeared in these calluses, they were nonembryogenic and did not lead to regeneration. All explantats were transplanted into fresh nutrient media with simultaneous removal of germinated shoots on the 14th day of cultivation. Regeneration on the 45th day of cultivation took place by direct hemogenesis (formation of shoot or leafy structures) or direct hemoryzhogenesis (formation seedlings which had both shoot and root). Formation of ryzhogenic calli was observed in most inbreds. The frequency of regeneration of shoots and leaf structures was characterized by a tendency to increase indicators in the culture environment with mineral basis N6, and the frequency of regeneration of shoots was significantly marked using a medium with mineral basis MS. However, regeneration on the 45th day took place at a much lower rate than on the 14th day of cultivation, which must be taken into account when a system of genetic transformation systems using nodal segments of seedling shoots is being developed. Thus, using nodal sections of 4-day old seedling shoots of maize inbreds of Lancaster germplasm and model inbred Chi31, we can obtain viable seedlings for use in biological systems of agrobacterial transformation. We can recommend two variants of provoking regeneration by direct organogenesis in vitro for application in genetic transformation. The first variant suggests for all studied genotypes 100% induction on the 14th day of in vitro cultivation of direct organogenesis by hemogenesis and this requires further rooting of obtained shoots before planting into soil. Both variants of the nutrient environments of cultivation proposed us can be used. The second variant involves low frequency of regeneration by direct hemoryzhogenesis in a limited number of genotypes, but excludes the rooting stage. The cultivation environment with the mineral basis MS is recommended for this variant. The choice of either variant for obtaining direct regeneration depends on the particularity and aim of the research.

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Вплив іонів Ni на активність аспартатамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах рийної діяльності ссавців

Author(s): O. Y. Pakhomov,O.M. Vasilyuk,T. A. Zamesova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

Using simple and highly sensitive methods of biochemical analysis (determination of total enzyme activity of the class transferase and content of water-soluble protein fraction in Glechoma hederacea L. leaves, as response mechanisms of organisms to environmental change) we have detected an environment forming role played by Talpa europaea L. (european mole), through its digging function, studied against the background of anthropogenic Ni pollution with concentrations of 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 g/m2, which was equivalent to the presence of Ni at 1, 5, 10 times the dose of maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Thus, we discovered the fact of the reduction in total activity of aspartataminotransferase (AST) in G. hederacea leaves by 12–65% and concentrations of water-soluble protein fraction by 30–60% relative to control (the area without pollution of Ni and digging activity of mammals). The combined effect of the digging activity of T. europaea and Ni at doses of 5, 10 MAC contributed to the increased activity of the enzyme from 2.3 to 3.0 times (compared with the control in the corresponding concentration Ni). The concentration of water soluble protein fraction under the combined effect of the digging activity and Ni at maximum concentration in G. hederacea leaves was reduced by 2 times (compared with the control in the corresponding concentration Ni), because it was difficult for the system to operate the mechanisms of recovery and normalization function, while at low and medium metal concentration the processes of protein metabolism increased by 11–150%. Вesides, the іnfluence of the digging activity of mammals (Apodemus sylvaticus L., A. flavicollis Melchior, Clethrionomys glareoles Schreber) as our examples under the condition of artificial Ni soil pollution of the Ni polluted soil in the natural humid forest was assessed. Pollutants drastically influence the proteolityc activity of the soil that reflects microorganism’s metabolism. The digging activity of mammals is shown to boost restoration biological activity of the soil, following the impact of pollutants and plays an essential creative role in the homeostasics mechanism in soil ecosystems. At the burrows dug by mammals proteolityc activity (at a depth of 0–30 cm) increases by 1.99 times at a pollution level of 1 MPC Ni concentration, by 1.92 times – at a level of 5 MPC, by 1.90 times – at 10 MPC compared to areas untouched by mammals.

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Автоматизована система реєстрації біоелектричних потенціалів

Author(s): D.V. Chernetchenko,M.P. Motsnyj,N.P. Botsva,О.V. Elina,M. M. Milykh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

A hardware-software complex automated system of recording bioelectrical potentials, which is based on a USB-device with subsequent processing of signals with PC was developed in this work. We proposed a universal scheme of registration of bioelectrical potentials, which allows one to detect the reaction of biological objects to different stimuli, such as cold, heat, photo- and electrical stimulation, and to different combinations of these stimuli (Motsnyj et al., 2004). They could be applied for deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of generation of electrical potentials in cells and discovering the accommodation processes of organisms as a whole to these stimuli. The system for registration of bioelectrical potentials consists of hardware and software parts. The software part consists of the client and server sides, which transmit experimental data to the network. The client-side software renders a quantitative analysis and stores the results in a database. An integrated system of registration and biometrical processing was applied for analysis of the electrical responses of maize leaves to heat stimuli. The dynamics of these potentials were studied and a quantitative analysis of the potential level stabilization was made. We found that amplitude relation of responses to the initial response increased and stabilized at the level of 130%. Mathematical models of the plant cell for discovering intracellular mechanisms of biopotentials registration were developed. As a result of modeling, we found that the electrical response of the cells is based on selective conductance of the cell membrane for Н+ and K+ ions. By this way, we show the biophysical relation of plant potentials to intracellular biophysical mechanisms.

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Вплив синхронного та асинхронного сигналів від пірамідних нейронів на синхронізацію в мережах ГАМКергічних інтернейронів гіпокампа

Author(s): S. О. Kochubey / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

We investigated the impact of the level of stochastic excitation of synaptic signals from pyramidal neurons on the generation of oscillations inside the interneuronal networks of the hippocampus with shunting GABAergic synapses. We used a modification of a mathematical model of the interneuronal networks (I. Vida, M. Bartos and P. Jonas, 2006) together with a model of external synaptic signalling with a Poisson distribution of time interval between events. We demonstrated that a completely synchronized synaptic signal when every interneuron in the network was impacted by an electric current with the same amplitude and frequency caused oscillations with a high level of synchronization (k > 0,9) in the network. The increase of synaptic signal frequency led to the respective increasing of oscillation frequency in the network. We demonstrated that a gradual increase of stochastic synaptic current from 0.001 to 0.200 causes reduction of synchronisation of oscillations in the interneuronal network from 0.89 to 0.11 with an equal signal frequency of 6 Hz. The frequency of oscillations in the interneuronal network also decreased from 55.6 to 35.7 Hz respectively for the levels of stochastisity 0.001 to 0.200 and the frequency of excitation of 58 Hz. Decrease of frequency and synchronization of oscillations in the network could be explained by the the inability of shunting GABAergic synapses to synchronize the work of separate interneurons when there is significant increase in stochastic external excitation. Besides this, we demonstrated the existence of a range of frequencies of the incoming signal of 30–40 Hz in the network, of which a significant increase of synchronisation of oscillations in the network takes place regardless of the stages of external stochastic excitation.

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The multipotent role of metallothionein in the nervous system

Author(s): G. A. Ushakova,Y. P. Kovalchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

We provide a commentary on current experimental and theoretical advances and frame our consideration in terms of the possible functions of MT I+II in the nervous system. Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of small cysteine rich proteins, which since their discovery in 1957 have been implicated in a range of roles including toxic metal detoxification, protection against oxidative stress, and as a metallochaperone involved in the homeostasis of both zinc and copper. The most well studied member of the family is the mammalian metallothionein, which consists of two domains: a β-domain with 9 cysteine residues and an α-domain with 11 cysteine residues. Despite over half a century of research, the exact functions of MT in the nervous system are still unknown. Our studies have shown that the distribution of MT-I+II in the brain after prolonged intoxication, inhalation of 0.1% CdCl2 for 1 hour twice a week over 19 weeks, is dependent on the part of the brain. The metallothionein level declines more than 4 times in the hippocampus 3 weeks after continuous intoxication of 0.1% CdCl2. The level of MT-I+II in the cerebral cortex decreased by 1.5 times compared with the control group and did not change significantly in the cerebellum and thalamus/hypothalamus. The results of an experimental model of postoperative pain indicated that injection with MT-II prevents the development of postoperative hyperalgesia in response to mild alteration of physiological activity. Activation of locomotory and exploratory activity, and decrease of anxiety in rats under MT-II treatment at 100 µg/rat manifests itself on the 4th day after surgery. Our experimental data indicate the multipotent function of MT I+II in the rat brain both as a metal detoxifier and as an inhibitor of postoperative pain.

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Вплив ферум (ІІІ) цитрату на АТФ-гідролази Desulfuromonas acetoxidans ІМВ В-7384

Author(s): O. Maslovska,S. O. Hnatush / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

Desulfuromonas acetoxidans obtains energy for growth by the anaerobic oxidation of organic compounds with the carbon dioxide formation. It was found that ferrum and manganese are used as terminal electron acceptors in the processes of anaerobic respiration, such as dissimilative Fe3+- and Mn4+-reduction, carried out by these bacteria (Lovely, 1991). D. acetoxidans ІМV B-7384 can be used as anode biocatalyst in microbial fuel cell with high electron recovery through acetate oxidation to the electric current as a result of electron transfer to the anode or 3d-type transition metals, such as ferrum and manganese, in the process of their reduction. Investigation of biochemical changes of D. acetoxidans ІМV B-7384 under the influence of Fe (III) compounds is important for optimization of the process of bacterial electricity generation. ATP-hydrolase is located in cytoplasmic membrane, and its subunits are exposed to both the cytoplasm and the external environment. Therefore, the changes of that enzyme activity can be used as an indicator of various stress exposure. Presence of ferric iron ions in the bacterial growth medium could catalyze generation of organic reactive oxygen species, such as peroxyl (ROO-) and alkoxyl (RO-) radicals. Lipid peroxidation is one of the main reasons of cell damage and it’s following death under the influence of reactive oxygen metabolites. It is known that lipid peroxidation and membrane transport processes are somehow interrelated, but mechanisms of such interaction are still unidentified. In our previous researche we have shown the influence of ferric (III) citrate on the intensity of lipid peroxidation of D. аcetoxidans ІМV В-7384. Significant increase of the content of lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde) in bacterial cells has been observed under the addition of ferric (III) citrate into the cultural medium. The increase of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in bacterial cells confirms free radical mechanism of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, for fulfiling complete analyses of cell response against oxidative stress it was reasonable to investigate the influence of ferric (III) citrate on specific ATP-hydrolase activity, Na+, K+-ATP-hydrolase activity and Mg2+-ATP-hydrolase activity of D. acetoxidans ІМV В-7384. Bacteria were cultivated in the modified Postgaite C medium during four days under the anaerobic conditions and temperature +27°С with addition from 10 to 20 mM of ferric (III) citrate into the growth medium. Control samples didn’t contain investigated metal salt. Chosen concentrations of metal salt caused inhibition of bacterial growth by 20–50%. Activities of ATP-hydrolases were investigated as described. It was shown, that specific ATP-hydrolase activity of D. acetoxidans ІМV В-7384 is changing in dependance on duration of ferric (III) citrate exposure and concentration of the metal salt. Addition of the ferric (III) citrate in relatively low concentrations (10–12 mM) causes increasing of specific ATP-hydrolase activity of D. acetoxidans IMV B-7384 in comparison with control. Activity of investigated enzymes was inhibited under the increasing of metal salt concentration in bacterial growth medium. Increase of duration of D. acetoxidans IMV B-7384 cultivation causes decrease of ATP-hydrolase activity. Addition of ferric (III) citrate causes simultaneous increasing of Na+, K+-ATP-hydrolase activity and inhibition of Mg2+-ATP-hydrolase activity during four days of bacterial cultivation.

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Прооксидантний і антиоксидантний баланс крові коней української верхової породи в динаміці фізичних навантажень

Author(s): A. Andriichuk,I. Tkachova,H. Tkachova,N. Kurhaliuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The goal of our study was an analysis of oxidative stress markers level and antioxidant defences in the blood of Ukrainian Warmblood horses at the rest and after training. There were significant decrease in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS) content and lipid hydroperoxides level in the erythrocytes and plasma of horses after the training. There were also significant decreases in the values of the aldehyde derivatives of protein oxidation in the plasma. An antioxidant defence in the blood of horses after the training was provided by the activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. Correlation analysis of the relationship between markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system confirmed the important role of glutathione antioxidant system for prevention of oxidative stress during exercises. The level of oxidative stress markers and activity of antioxidant defences in the blood of sport horses can be sensitive and informative parameters for the assessment of equine performance.

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Играет ли сапрофагия существенную роль в питании Opatrum sabulosum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)?

Author(s): S. S. Nazimov,V. V. Brygadyrenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2013

Significance of the saprophagous diet for Opatrum sabulosum (Linnaeus, 1761), which is a pest of cultivated crops such as sunflower and maize, is under consideration. Imagoes of that darkling beetle were kept in plastic containers on substrates of different types of soils and litters of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands with no access to plant food for 15 days. The control group were kept in cases with no substrate. Every day 720 specimens of the beetles were weighed. If there is no food the almost linear decrease in imago body weight was detected (the 15th day – up to 73.9% of the initial weight). Significant differences in the dynamics of weight loss of the beetles kept on the ordinary chernozem of different types and in cases without any substrate (control) were not found. By the 15th day of the experiment the significant changes of weight of O. sabulosum (L.) imago kept on soils taken from the fields sown with Helianthus annuus (L.), Zea mays (L.), Triticum durum (Dest.) and Brassica napus (L.) were also not registered. Keeping imagoes within 15 days on soils sown with Fagopyrum esculentum (Gilib.) and Beta vulgaris (L.) reduced the beetles’ body weight by 5.86% and 8.02% respectively, as compared to the control (probably due to pesticidal treatment of the crops). In the experiments with the litter of artificial forest plantations, the steppe litter (kaldan) and dead plant debris from the thalweg’s meadow the significant changes in the body weight were not registered. The beetles kept in containers with the litter (fragments of pine needles, grass and leaves of the black poplar) from the sandy alluvial soil significantly reduced the body weight by 6.28%, as compared to the control group. Thus, the body weight gain of O. sabulosum (L.) kept in containers with the plant remains from the studied four ecosystems is not registered. The research results showed that the detritophagy is not typical for that darkling beetle (or at least its role in their feeding is greatly exaggerated).

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Особливості біосинтетичних процесів стрептоміцету за присутності рослинних олій

Author(s): I. V. Zhernosekova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

The rise of biosynthesis activity of the strain Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 induced by vegetable oil was established. When cultivating the streptomycetes in the mixed medium (glucose and sunflower oil) the maximum biomass accumulation and staphylolytic enzymes’ activity of the strain 2P-15 increased by 19 and 20 % respectively in comparison with the streptomycetes grown in the medium of glucose and olive oil. The concentration of exogenic protein was also 9 times more for glucose and sunflower oil substrate. Monosubstrate of sunflower or olive oil didn’t increase the biosynthetic activity of the strain. However, the maximal indices were higher for sunflower oil than for olive one.

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Різноманіття угруповань герпетобію тунельна м. Дніпропетровськ

Author(s): V. V. Brygadyrenko,L. I. Faly,K. G. Yakimets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Species community of invertebrates in 10 antropogenically transformed ecosystems on the territory of Tunel’na gully (south-west part of Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine) is investigated. The plant cover of sample areas is shortly described. Taxonomic and ecomorphical structure, indices of biological diversity of litter invertebrate communities are analysed. The invertebrate species inhabited the Tunel’na gully and listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and Dnepropetrovsk province are described. The value of the inspected territory for the conservation of rare and endangered animal species is underlined. The creation of new nature protected reservation in the Tunel’na gully is proposed

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Chlorella sphaerica та її місце у системі роду diplosphaera (chlorophyta, trebouxiophyceae)

Author(s): V. M. Karbovska,I. Y. Kostikov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Morophological and molecular genetic analyses of green alga Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess (authentic strain), which represents the taxonomically critical species, the phenotypic similarity and phylogenetic close relation with the genus Diplosphaera Bialosuknia were found but the significant difference from the genus Chlorella Bejerink was demonstrated. Discovery of new morphological features (presence of vegetative division, the ability to dyads and packages forming, as well as external mucous structures) indicates the position of Ch. sphaerica within the genus Diplosphaera. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of non-coding regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear-encoding ribosomal gene cluster confirms this conclusion. Based on these data the new nomenclature combination is suggested: Diplosphaera sphaerica (Tschermak-Woess) Karbovska et Kostikov, comb. nova (basionym: Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess).

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Мониторинг хромосомных аберраций в природных популяциях Pinus pallasiana

Author(s): V. P. Koba / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

This paper presents the results of monitoring research of the chromosome aberrations at the stage of anaphase-telophase. The statistical characteristics of dynamics of chromosomal aberrations in populations of Pinus pallasiana D. Don across the high-altitude zones of the Mountain Crimea is given. It is established that on the southern macroslope of the Crimean Main Ridge the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the P. pallasiana stands is higher in the lower zone in comparison with the middle and upper zones. Significant variability of that parameter indicates the occasional effect of the factors influencing the level of chromosomal abnormalities.

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Морфофункциональные и поведенческие различия некоторых тропических карповых видов рыб (cyprinidae) из разнотипных местообитаний

Author(s): I. A. Stolbunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

An experimental test of the defense reaction, swimming ability as well as analysis of morphohydrodynamic parameters of cyprinid species (Cyprinidae): Rasbora paviei Tirant, 1885, Puntius brevis (Bleeker, 1850), Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes, 1842) from the ponds and streams of Central Vietnam were carried out. Significant differences were found in a number of morphofunctional parameters and behavioral reactions of fish from limnic and lothic habitats.

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Суточная динамика видового разнообразия и плотности скоплений рыб в прибрежной зоне водохранилища кам лам и его притока суои кок (Вьетнам)

Author(s): I. A. Stolbunov,I. V. Shlyapkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

The daily dynamics of fish diversity and density aggregations in different riparian habitats of the reservoir Kam Lam and its tributary mouth – the river Suoi Coc (Central Vietnam) were studied. We found the change of species number and its percentage redistribution in the aggregations over the entire circadian period in the different types of habitats. It is noted that in the night the fish species diversity of littoral aggregations increased.

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Распределение зоопланктона в поверхностном слое Шекснинского водохранилища

Author(s): V. N. Stolbunova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

The results of the studies of zooplankton collected in the superficial layer in different parts of the Sheksna Reservoir at the beginning of the August 2007 are presented. A total of 71 species have been recorded among which crustaceans prevail in the number of species, abundance and biomass. Zooplankton is distributed unevenly in the surface layer; the maximum density and biomass are recorded in the north-eastern part of the Lake Beloye – 164 000 ind/m3 and 1.06 g/m3, in the Sizma extension – 124 000 ind/m3 and 1.60 g/m3 and in the near-dam reach - 185 000 ind/m3 and 1.36 g/m3, respectively. The minimum values are recorded near the mouths of rivers Kovzha Belozerskaya (17 000 ind/m3 and 0.10 g/m3) and Kema (10 000 ind/m3 and 0.06 g/m3). Because of high concentration of fine-dispersed mineral suspended matter the water transparency decreases significantly. The water is polluted with the oil products and the rotifers of the genus Brachionus – indicators of polluted water – are dominated in the plankton. Zooplankton in the surface layer where blue-green algae are in mass differs from deeper horizons in lower abundance and biomass.

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