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Freeganizm − trend czy styl życia?

Author(s): Tomasz Zalega,Anna Rostek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

An aim of the article is to explain the essence of freeganism as a consumer trend. Having discussed the reasons for occurrence of new consumer trends, including freeganism, the authors focused, in the further part of their article, on explanation of the philosophy of this trend and the basic principles which guide the individuals considering them as freegans. Thy include recovery of the waste, minimisation of amounts of the waste produced, use of ecological transport, squatting, self-reliance, and labour reduction. In the last part of the article, the authors showed, in a synthetic way, the scale of proliferation of freeganism across the world.

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Postawy i zachowania proekologiczne względem zagadnień środowiskowych

Author(s): Wacław Mozolewski,Dominika Jakubowska,Monika Radzymińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Aim of the article: in their study, the authors undertook an attempt to establish the strength of dependencies between the proecological behaviours and the variables related to the lifestyle and with the selected components of proecological attitudes. Type of the research methodology used: in the group of 776 respondents, there were carried out quantitative surveys by the face-to-face method. A research tool was the interview questionnaire subjected to validation (the method of main components, Cronbach’s α coefficients). The impact of the variables in question on proecological behaviours was determined with the help of correlation coefficients. Main research findings: proecological behaviours are to a minor degree related to the lifestyle and respondents’ proecological attitudes. Practical implications: the research findings indicate the need to change society’s behaviours by way of influencing the components of the proecological attitude. Social implications: in the future, seeking for solutions in the field of promoting the proecological behaviours should take into account formation of the attitude’s emotional element. Growth of the ecological awareness being a result of education affects the formation of proecological behaviours in the food market. Article category: research.

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Ekologiczne uwarunkowania zachowań konsumenckich

Author(s): Luiza Mańkowska-Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

An aim of considerations is to analyse the ecological determinants of consumer behaviours. In the theoretical part, there are presented the basic directions of reassures taken by the European Union for sustainable consumption as well as defined the notion of ecological awareness and characterised its impact on consumers’ behaviours. The theoretical considerations are backed up by results of research, both secondary, presenting consumers’ behaviours and attitudes towards environment friendly products in the European market, and primary, concerning consumers’ behaviours in the selected areas of the market for ecological goods and services in the Silesian Province. The article is of the research nature.

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Ekoinnowacje – istotny element zrównoważonego budownictwa

Author(s): Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

An aim of considerations is to present the ecoinnovations as an element of sustainable construction. The work objective accomplishment ruled its arrangement. Therefore, there were brought closer the basic theoretical issues concerning sustainable construction, paid attention to its three-dimensionality in the context of sustainable development, presented the legal aspects of sustainable construction as well as described ecoinnovations being an essential part of sustainable construction. The article is a review of literature.

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Çevre Sorunlarinin Çözümüne Yönelik Alternatif Bir Politika Arayişi: Murray Bookchin Ve Sosyal Ekoloji

Author(s): Orçun İmga / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2009

The ecological crisis is certainly one of the most important problems today. The time that we are present at is defined as a period that humankind reached to the limits of it’s relations with the nature and thus risked the future of humanity and the whole world. Nevertheless, some solutions from “environmentalism” that consists of temporary precautions against the pollution to some ideological approaches, including “social ecology”, that question the social order as the reason of the problem were suggested as the responses to the ecological crisis. Bookchin, who comes from a Marxist and anarchist tradition and played an important role at the rise of “green action” in 1970’s, separates from the primitivist anarchist tradition by his both ideas that evaluates the technological level that civilization reached as a beneficial fact and consider that the community precedes the individual. On the other hand, social ecology rejects the duality of community-nature and it is against the approach of deep ecology which dissolves the community in nature because of it’s dominative character. Social ecology presents us a paradigm that promises to solve not only the ecological crisis but also the whole social problems. Bookchin considers ruling social order which can be characterized by the concepts of domination, hierarchy and social class as the source of the ecological crisis. So, it is impossible to solve the ecological crisis without solving the social problems. As a solution, Bookchin suggests local, confederal and urban-based organizations instead of nation-state as a ruler paradigm. By this, he encourages us for a new social imagination. In this context, the aim of the article is firstly to determine the position of social ecology in the ecological thought and then to explain the development of Bookchin‟s intellectual development and basic arguments of his approach as the founder of social ecology.

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Zrównoważony rozwój turystyki a jakość życia społeczeństw

Author(s): Julia Wojciechowska-Solis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The paper presents theoretical concepts of the life quality from the point of view of economy and psychology. Life quality is a principal goal of most modern socio-economic theories closely associated with the sustainable development idea. The importance of natural environment protection for tourism development was also presented and issues related to the influence of tourism on a community. Tourism is a man’s meeting with the nature, other people, other culture or other religion. The life quality of every community depends not only on material conditions, but also on knowledge and trust which is a fundamental social capital. The aim of the study is to identify the dependence of the quality of life of the human being on their knowledge and behaviours associated with travel needs and on their relationship with the environment in which it happened to them to exist.

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Kapitał kulturowy jako przedmiot i wyzwanie teorii zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Dariusz Kiełczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

An objective of this article is to indicate the potential direction of the evolution of the theory of sustainable development in the context of today’s economic and civilisation changes. It is based on an analysis of literature sources and empirical facts. Concerns of the growing threat to cultural goods in the modern era, which can be interpreted as a situation similar to the phenomena relating to environmental resources leading to an ecological crisis. This means that the concept of sustainable development should include not only the issue of sustainability of the natural capital, but also the cultural capital within the meaning proposed by David Throsby. The author agrees with the view of that author that the cultural capital is an analogon of the natural capital, which means that there refer to it the issues posed to the natural capital, in particular intra- and intergenerational equity. The article has the conceptual nature.

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Dylematy ekologiczne w rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego

Author(s): Agnieszka Becla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

In her article, the author introduced the notion of information society and knowledge-based economy and their profile. She talked over the stages of development of the information society. The author identified the ecological dimensions of functioning of the information society. They concern: 1) creation, accumulating, storage, and utilisation of information; 2) utilisation of information to build ecological consciousness and realisation of the ecological education; 3) disseminating in the information society pro-ecological ideas, attitudes and businesses; 4) information climate in the information society, connected with the access to ecological information; 5) ecology of the information environment and a man in the information society, and 6) the direct influence of the information society on the natural environment.

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Szanse i zagrożenia środowiskowe cywilizacji z punktu widzenia ekonomii zrównoważonego i trwałego rozwoju

Author(s): Stanisław Czaja / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

In his article, the author introduced the elements of the new paradigm of the sustainable development economics. Author talked over the potential paths of the development of the human civilisation. He introduced the environmental chances and threats of civilisation from the sustainable development economics point of view.

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Zrównoważony rozwój – wyzwania w ramach wymiaru środowiskowego

Author(s): Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The concept of sustainable development has been evolving for more than fifty years. Still, despite of passage of time, we can find a number of challenges, and we have to cope with them to ensure intergenerational equity (not to decrease opportunities of the future generations to meet their needs), life quality of the present and future generations. This article describes the attempt of approximating basic challenges within the environmental dimension of sustainable development, which are nowadays faced by the society, economy in the context of environmental determinants of that concept. This is, at the same time, the study’s aim. The structure of this work has allowed realisation of the adopted aim therein. In this work, there was used the literature of the subject, governmental documents and statistical data.

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Znaczenie wybranych uregulowań i standardów dla rozwoju społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie Francji – wnioski dla Polski

Author(s): Katarzyna Czech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

In the conditions of global economy, more and more frequently there is paid attention to the necessity to face the ecological and social challenges at the level of enterprises, an expression of which is development of social responsibility as an element of the idea of sustainable development in enterprises’ activities. An aim of the study is an attempt to assess certain regulations and standards affecting enterprises’ commitment for social responsibility on the example of France. Having in mind the carried out analysis, it seems that the actions being undertaken in the area of corporate social responsibility by France are a valuable experience for such countries as Poland where practices in the area of social responsibility have been known since recently. For its innovative approach and importance of legal regulations, the French experience seems interesting and, what’s important, proven patterns for acceleration and activation of the process of social responsibility in the practical activities carried out by Polish enterprises.

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Wybrane systemy wspomagające zarządzanie zrównoważonym rozwojem w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach

Author(s): Maria Urbaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The issues of sustainable development and environmental protection increasingly determine conducting and establishing business activities. The dominant trend in most industrialised countries is to promote systems and concepts that foster the implementation of sustainable development in enterprises, especially in small and medium-sized ones. Examples of solutions include environmental management systems according to EMAS or ISO 14001 and Corporate Social Responsibility, which are reflected not only in strategies for sustainable development of the United Nations and the European Union, but also in Poland.

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System zarządzania środowiskowego EMAS jako przykład bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego

Author(s): Małgorzata Kociszewska-Panaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

Ecological safety is a priority in an attempt to fulfil both the requirements of country’s ecological policy and the strategy of sustainable economic development. It may contribute to the modernisation of environmental protection. One of the ways necessary to meet these demands is implementation of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), which takes place at the level of enterprise. The basic requirement of Environmental Management System is to systematically reduce negative impact on environment. It could be achieved by integrating the process of decisionmaking concerning environmental protection and the general management system in a company. The system helps to manage the dangers environment is exposed to, minimise its harmful effect, reduce costs, and enhance its competitiveness. Through implementing and adhering to the environmental management system, the positive public image of the company is built in the eyes of customers, national institutions and other market players. Today, future-oriented companies should opt for modern management methods based on quality and environmental criteria. In the light of all the changes in legal regulations concerning environmental protection such an efficiently working environmental management system based on the ISO 14001 standards provides a solid basis to be registered in the Eco-Management and Audits Schemes, EMAS. The implementation as well as the improvement of the environmental management system may help to prevent ecological dangers and thus contribute to an increase of ecological safety.

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Benchmarking jako narzędzie doskonalenia organizacji w obszarze społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu

Author(s): Agata Lulewicz-Sas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The process of improvement of the organisation involves the use of a variety of management tools. One of them is the benchmarking which indicates the comparison to the best and identifies the ways of achieving better results. Benchmarking can also be used as a tool to improve organisation in the area of CSR (corporate social responsibility), defined as one of the forms of implementation of sustainable development in companies. The purpose of author’s consideration is to provide guidelines for benchmarking in the area of CSR. CSR is implemented in order to achieve integrated governance, linking together the following elements: economic governance, ecological governance, social governance, corporate governance (management). Integrated governance should be treated as the benchmark, that is, the final model. Benchmarking is the process of implementation of various activities in order to achieve the integrated governance. The CSR benchmarking process, as well as indicators to assess the organisation in the scope of the CSR have been proposed in this article. On the basis of the analysis it can be concluded that in the area of CSR the subject of comparison may be the results/outcomes of implemented CSR activities (result benchmarking), and processes to achieve results/effects (process benchmarking).

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Normatywny charakter koncepcji trwałego rozwoju a potrzeba poszukiwania jej podstaw mikroekonomicznych

Author(s): Bogusław Fiedor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The author starts the paper with a brief explanation of macroeconomic and normative, or axiological-teleological, character of the concept of sustainable development as arising from the critique of neo-classical environmental economics. Irrespectively of this, he emphasises the need of looking for microeconomic, or behavioural in a broader approach, microeconomic foundations of the concept concerned, referring this antinomy to the two hundred years old controversies between the positive and normative streams in economics as a science. Subsequently, he shows the nature of microeconomic approach to the sustainability of development as opposed to the neoclassical notion of microeconomic rationality. According to him, the latter contradicts the principles of sustainability and intergenerational equity. Finally, the author contrasts the utility maximisation hypothesis related to the concept of homo oeconomicus with the hypothesis of sustainability of the homo sapiens as a biological species, which, in turn, underlies, according to him, the homo sustinens concept.

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Wsparcie ekoinnowacyjności w polskich regionach jako element zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Hanna Kruk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

The main aim of sustainable development is a permanent improvement of the life quality (including living conditions), possible to reach owing to bettering of the environmental state. The aim can be achieved by various actions, for example, implementation of ecological innovations. The article attempts to present results of the research into eco-innovations support at the regional (provinces) level in Poland.

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Analiza wybranych wskaźników ładu środowiskowego w powiatach kartuskim i starogardzkim w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Piotr Przybyłowski,Agnieszka Kałaska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

Sustainable development of counties is realised by implementation and monitoring of the targets described in their Development Strategies and Programmes. Measurement of these processes is conducted by sustainable development indicators. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of such indicators with reference to the Kartuzy and Starogard Counties is enclosed. Particular attention is paid to the environmental governance, because degradation of the natural environment is a problem which should be solved at the local level.

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Optymalizacja celów zrównoważonego rozwoju na przykładzie rybactwa śródlądowego w Dolinie Baryczy

Author(s): Magdalena Raftowicz-Filipkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

This article presents the issue of inland fisheries in terms of sustainable development. Its main aim is an attempt to prove that the realisation of optimal objectives of sustainable development requires a systematic approach which imposes a need to include the cultural, institutional, technological and political dimension. The author argues that the main problem associated with implementation of the principles of sustainable development is the lack of holistic vision, which interferes the process of optimising its objectives and contributes to the emergence of conflicts in the line of ecology - economics - society. On the example of inland fisheries in the Barycz Valley, the author also tries to demonstrate that in order to optimise the objectives of sustainable development, it should be implemented an effective mechanism for compensation of losses for inland fishermen caused by protection of fish-eating birds. The study was based on a critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature in the field of sustainable development as well as analysis of documents of the Barycz Valley Association, observations and interviews with representatives of fish farms and residents of the Barycz Valley. This approach can reduce in future the risk of making wrong decisions in the social-environmental-economic area, which are against the principle of optimisation of the goals of sustainable development.

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Współpraca jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z otoczeniem. Przykład klastrów ekologicznych województwa łódzkiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Rzeńca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

New challenges for the local government, the increasing responsibilities and the competition between local systems make local authorities undertake many initiatives for an effective management of the territory and the processes of its development. The complexity of the local governments’ relations (legal and administrative, organisational and socioeconomic) with other public administration units and the organisational ones, as well as with natural persons and legal entities indicates the role and importance of cooperation in many areas of their activity. The main objective of considerations in this article is to identify potential entities cooperating with the local government units. The particular attention is paid to the eco-clusters as a new form of cooperation in the field of environmental protection in which there participate: local governments, enterprises, scientific-research units and NGOs. In the article, being a case study of the Lodz Region, the author presents the significant research problems concerning the search for tools and methods of raising the efficiency and effectiveness of local governments, often appearing in both national and foreign literature.

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Ochrona jakości wód powierzchniowych w świadomości lokalnych społecznośc

Author(s): Krystyna Rauba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6A/2013

An aim of the article is to present the state of rural population’s knowledge of the problems related to water pollution in the municipality’s territory as well as their commitment to the advancement of knowledge on improving the quality of surface waters. The United Nations Conference “Environment and Development”, which was held on 3-14 June 1992, defined 27 Principles of Sustainable Development. According to them, in order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it. The Principle 10 provides that all environmental issues are best handled with participation of all concerned citizens. Therefore, there is necessary public access to environmental information to be able to raise the environmental awareness of citizens. Therefore, this principle also applies to public information made by the local authority for public investment. Getting the public familiar with and gaining its acceptance of the implemented projects is of vital importance, especially in relation to long-term investment whose time-period of exploitation amounts to a few dozen years. The public should be aware of the importance taken by the local government efforts to improve the quality of local water resources.

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