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Béla Borsi-Kálmán, professor of the Eastern Europe Department of Eötvös Loránd University, has studied the problematics of Hungarian nation formation and national conscience for many years. Within that, he has been mainly investigating the way how the adaptation of the French-type nation-state model took place in the peculiar East-Central European socio-historical and mental context, and how the inherent deficiencies of the former affected the relations of Hungarians with other peoples and nations of the region (especially with Romanians). His research has increasingly convinced him that the key to understanding this intricate system of relations is the group of phenomena that he calls “aristocratic civilianization” (after Bertalan Szemere, Zsigmond Kemény and Zoltán Tóth) that has fundamentally determined our “national character” ever since, and which explains, among others, the successful social integration and nearly perfect Magyarization of the Jewry of Hungary at the end of the 19th century. And perhaps one day it will be the systematic implementation of this “approach” that will bring about the “pacification” of the various segments of the Hungarian nation-body and will allow for the termination and mental surpassing of the disheartening lack of unity at present.
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Slovak researchers have paid close attention to robber songs as a significant genre of Slovak folklore. The texts and melodies of robber songs are widely documented in numerous song collections, usually without any specific thematic classification. For example, Ján Kollár lists in Spievanky several robber songs in the section on Ballads, Romances and Fairy Tales. In his collection of ballads, K. Medvecký devoted specific sections to robber songs under the titles “Robber Songs” and “Gallows Songs” (pp. 109–122, 123–129). Horák’s selection of works of poetry, published in the same period, contains ten robber songs in volume I, section V. (The first song in this section, however, is not a robber song, which is explained in the comment). The big collector of Slovak folk songs K. Plicka focused mainly on lyrical robber songs. In his contribution, he provides examples of his own records and also presents his opinions on the melodies of robber songs. Historian J. Vilikovský5 examined the manuscript of the popular songs “O Surovec Jakubovi, zbojníkovi” (“AboutJakub Surovec, robber”), “Píseň o Jánošíkovi zbojníkovi” (“Song about Jánošík, robber”) and “Píseň o Adamovi a Ilčíkovi, zbojníkoch” (“Song about Adam and Ilčík, robbers”) which were disseminated by copying. The manuscript seems to date back to 1780. Even though these songs are artificial, there are clear relations in terms of texts and motifs between some of them (in particular the song about Jánošík) and folk tradition. Melicherčík’s book Jánošíkovská tradícia na Slovensku (Jánošík Tradition in Slovakia) should be considered a fundamental work about Slovak folklore with robber themes, just like a wide range of his studies published in journals. In these works, Melicherčík supported the perception of robber folklore as a documentation of people’s heroic, progressive and anti-feudal attitudes. This concept was later supported by V. Gašparíková who studied Michael Vdovec, a robber of regional (not national) importance, a typical representative of the robbery epilogue in Slovakia.
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Leonard Martin Świeykowski was not one of the outstanding figures of the Stanislaus period, although he most certainly constituted an extraordinary and remarkable personality. In some circles, however, he was known as a very influential and opinion-forming person. Politically, he was connected with Stanislaus Augustus – he became one of the king’s closest associates in the second half of the 1780s in the Podolia and – to the greatest extent – Braclav voivodeships. It was the very monarch who appointed him to run the Crown Tribunal in the years 1782–1783, and this mission of his was largely appreciated by the general public. As a reward for performing the Marshal’s role, Stanislaus Augustus gave him a senatorial chair, later also the office of Castellan of Kamieniec, and then, in 1790, the Podolia Voivodeship. Moreover, L.M. Świeykowski enjoyed respect in his “Ruthenian”province, which was a reflection of – one might assume – becoming close to the house of Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki. His position was largely affected by his attitude in the courts and tribunals – he was considered one of the best law practitioners of the Stanislaus period, which was later quite mistakenly interpreted and assessed by some researchers. In the mid-nineteenth century, Konstanty Podwysocki wrote: “as we were dying, such high seats in the Senate, which had hitherto been given to Chomętowski or even Czarniecki in recognition of their bloody merits to the state, now were offered to some podstarosta grodzki (a borough substarost) [...], trained in jurist battles, a royal plenipotentiary and schemer [...], precisely like one of those attorneys whom Orzechowski compared to a prostitute saying that the former deals in shame whereas the latter – in his mouth, such a one now sat in the Senate, and it was ostensibly him who was expected to save the sinking ship of the state.” Historians rather did not judge L.M. Świeykowski’s actions; he did not actively participate in the political life of the state, only his Targowica period was mentioned and even that was done through the prism of his already very active sons, Michał and Jan Nepomucen, somehowalways executors of their father’s will. In the eyes of their contemporaries, Jan Nepomucen and Michał Świeykowski were considered traitors, and in October 1794, L.M. Świeykowski’s sons were mentioned among the first Targowica confederates, and their portraits were hung along with the portraits of S. Sz. Potocki, K. Branicki and Seweryn Rzewuski. It can be presumed that such a negative assessment of wojewodzice (the Voivode’s s ons) was influenced by their relationship with the Marshal of Targowica Confederation, S.Sz. Potocki, as well as the attitude of some of the other members of their family, and above all Józef Świeykowski’s, Voivode’s brother, “pit of iniquity,” though it is a big exaggeration, if not altogether a mistake. An analysis of L.M. Świeykowski’s biography and his relationship withStanislaus Augustus shows how important the political program was becoming in the construction of the royalist party – which nobody has hitherto paid any closer attention to, and which seems to attest much better to the nobility of political elites of the last decades of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. All of the above clearly shows the process of L.M. Świeykowski’s departure from his earlier support for royalists after 1791. The basis for thelast Voivode’s decision to leave the royalist party was not a lack of specific profit, but –evidently – his ideological and political considerations. The Voivode L.M. Świeykowski himself, apart from indeed few moments of his political activity, did not expose himself to the ridicule of public opinion. He was a man certainly well acquainted with the intricacies of political meanders, and at the same time he realized, despite numerous honours he was granted, where his place in line was. In his public life he always behaved properly and did not rail justice; he adhered to similar principles in private life, though here sometimes the issues connected with trials obscured those principles to him. At every turn of his life we know, he was always accompanied by the ancient Polish Commonwealth principles. The last voivode of Podolia always tried to combine these ancient principles with the service to the Commonwealth and the king.Although since the Stanislaus period the Świeykowski family had belonged to minor nobility, their political and economic position was weaker than the Borderland families’, such as: the Potockis, the Lubomirskis or the Sanguszkos; additionally, in this region, the family could be qualified as nouveau riches. Moreover, significantly, L.M. Świeykowski had to himself seekdocuments from his ancestors’ past, which he did with great commitment; he even lacked knowledge where his father was born, which in itself positioned him in the same, relatively low local Borderland hierarchy; his family name was unfamiliar to such an extent that most people mispronounced and misspelt it. He owed his social advancement as well as political and economic strengthening to the Lubomirskis, and then to Stanislaus Augustus. In vainone may search for the Świeykowski representatives on the lists of main officials of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; they are also missing among castellans and voivodes of the Commonwealth until the Stanislaus period. He began his public career as podsędek (a deputy judge) of Bratslav and finished it as the Voivode of Podolia, which was a huge advancement since he was the 14th in the hierarchy of voivodesof the Commonwealth, which gave him a place in the forefront of Secular Senators. An even greater advancement was recorded in the sphere of his property, as he started from the proverbial scratch, and in 1793 the value of his estates amounted to 5 million zlotys, which gave him the seventh position among the richest men in the Borderlands. He came to it himself, thanks to his own work and thanks to a very good sense of economics as well as theaforesaid engagement in court cases, in which he truly always did his best to be honest and fair. L.M. Świeykowski was also the author of interesting political ideas relating to the Commonwealth, which were recorded in his political writings and letters to his sons. These – among others, Opuscula L.M. Świeykowskiego (L.M. Świeykowski’s Opuscula) – are comprised in the second part of the work titled Pisma i listy „polityczne” L.M. Świeykowskiego (“Political” Writings and Letters by L.M. Świeykowski). In turn, the first part of the work, titled: L.M. Świeykowski, jego życie, gospodarstwo, działalność publiczna i poglądy (L.M. Świeykowski, His Life, Estates, Public Activity and Opinions), consistsof nine chapters, was written based on the extensive Świeykowski’s Archive, whose largest part is stored in the Library of Kórnik – a few dozen volumes. The rest of this archive can be found in the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków, in the Ossolineum in Wrocław, and in Stefanyk National Science Library in Lviv. Volumes from the Świeykowski’s Archive are also stored by the National Library in Warsaw; moreover, and two collections of court extracts kept in the Academic Library of the PAU and PAN in Kraków as well as the collections of letters in the Raczynski Library in Poznań are presumably of the same provenance.The biography begins with Chapter One titled Family and Connections – from “Świeykowo” under the “Tulczyn Roof” of Szczęsny Potocki, which depicts the youth of the last Voivode of Podolia and L.M. Świeykowski’s progress from central Poland, i.e. from the titular Świejki in the Sieradz Voivodeship, through the Rawa Land to the south-eastern frontier of the Commonwealth, where he gradually becomes one of the most influential citizens. Here onecan also find information about the history of L.M. Świeykowski’s ancestors. Chapter Two, Estates and Economic Position – from the Tenant of Novosyelitsa to the Owner of Bratslav Land, complements the first chapter and shows the growth of L.M. Świeykowski’s importance in the south-east Borderlands of the Commonwealth. It also illustrates the development of an extraordinary career of building up an estate by a man who was, after all, a nouveau riche in these lands, and partly shows the mechanism that allowed him to create this economic power. Chapter Three, Lawsuits – Between Politics and Household Interests, presents one of the most important elements affecting the functioning of L.M. Świeykowski’s entire grand estate. It points to the ways of accumulating wealth, but not only as it also shows the owner’s attentiveness as the manager of his land. This is a very important facet of his portrait, which on the one hand explains his behaviour in many cases on the political scene, his restraint in making sometimes risky political decisions, and on the other testifies to his unquestionable political power, which can be observed in the lawsuits against the Czetwertyńskis or the Tyszkiewiczes. The next Chapter: Land Owner and Supervisor of His Peasants – Economics on the Periphery of Grand Political Affairs shows the usual daily functioning of a large estate in the south-east Borderlands of the Commonwealth with its internal problems, which the owner had to face on daily basis: from escapes of peasants,through dishonesty of various types of administrators, and human flaws, to the fundamental issue, namely the sale of manufactured goods, in which respect the close proximity of Russia was sometimes helpful, and so was Świeykowski’s acquaintance with Gregorij Potemkin. Chapter Five, Public Career – On the Way to Honours, shows the beginnings of L.M. Świeykowski’s public career. This chapter describes the mechanisms that allowed him tobecome known on the political scene in the Borderlands of the Commonwealth, i.e. the support he received from Stanisław and Józef Lubomirski and later from Stanislaus Augustus himself, but also L.M. Świeykowski’s diligence, energy and good political intuition. Chapter Six, Senator of the Commonwealth – between Stanislaus Augustus and Borderland Magnates covers the years 1783–1787 and points to the crux of political dilemmas, which undoubtedlyL.M. Świeykowski must have had when considering whether to support the king or his opposition. Moreover, he has been presented in this chapter as a good politician of the royalist party – in certain areas, an effective one and, at the same time, not devoid of cynicism. Questions connected with the political career of the last Voivode of Podolia show the progress of his advancement in the society, but not only as they also set it within the political realities of the Stanislaus period, between the royalist party of Stanislaus Augustus and the anti-royal opposition, in which the republican ideology played – at least verbally – a leading role. What is more, the whole situation coincided with the physical proximity of Russia, which further complicated the already difficult political choices. L.M. Świeykowski’s ambiguous attitudeand concerns are discussed in Chapter Seven, During the Great Sejm – Observer, Executor, and Critic of the Dictate of “Sejm Debaters”. The chapter presents the process of deepening L.M. Świeykowski’s dilemmas in his perception of the Commonwealth. Obviously, the quotation marks in “Sejm Debaters” suggest the usage of the phrase as a metaphor and so the term applied here should be treated more broadly, referring to the then entire political reality with its clashes between different currents and concepts for repairing the Commonwealth.L.M. Świeykowski was initially a supporter of reforms, advocated the aukcja wojska (i.e. the augmentation of the army) and the introduction of taxes; later, after the adoption of the Constitution of May 3, which he had not expected after all, he became a critic of everything that was happening in Warsaw, and he considered the parliamentary reforms to be an attack on the freedom of the Commonwealth. At this point, he became a declared en emy of Stanislaus Augustus. This chapter also shows the factors which contributed to his transition to a group of malcontents. Chapter Eight presents the last period of political activity of the last Voivode of Podolia, when he openly stands against Stanislaus Augustus and tries to justify his decision. It is a short period in his life, when – at least in theory – he gains so far the highest position in the Commonwealth, which does not need to be measured against his place in the Senate. This Chapter, titled The Targowica Confederation – Advisor to Marshal of Confederation?, shows his commitment to the works of the confederation, not so much directly, but rather in theoretical terms, which – in his opinion – would lead to the formation of the right image of the Commonwealth. The last chapter, Political Views – A Republican with the King or a Monarchist with Republicans?, refers to the L.M. Świeykowski’s politicalopinions and discusses them. The bases for the chapter’s development constitute the “expressions” and “deeds” of L.M. Świeykowski throughout his whole life as well as his “political” writings. The biography of L.M. Świeykowski, the last Voivode of Podolia, constitutes a vast study, which shows the complexities regarding not just one man, but also discusses the complicated and complex political and economic reality of the Stanislaus period. Thus, it portrays not only the Voivode of Podolia but also the whole circle of political elites in the south-eastern Borderlands of the Commonwealth.
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The following studies collected in this volume are devoted to the subject matter of the royal elections in the political and legal tradition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealthbetween the 16th and the 18th century. The volume has been divided into three parts,comprised of thirty-five essays total. The first part, titled “On the Idea, Symbols and Practiceof Choice,” approaches the royal elections from the perspective of the study of political doctrine.The article by Teresa Chynczewska-Hennel presents examples of Old Polish political life which reflect the standpoint that the royal elections benefitted the Commonwealth in selecting the best candidates to the throne of Poland. Andrzej Stroynowski, in turn, focuses on both the benefits and the drawbacks of royal elections. Mariusz Markiewicz offers insight into the ways in which Polish royal elections were perceived in 17th century-Europe. Finally, an article by Jolanta A. Daszyńska constitutes a conclusion of sorts, as it touches upon the topic of the first presidential election in the United States of America understood as a reflection of the practical realization of the republican ideals of that young nation’s society.The second part of the volume, dedicated specifically to the particular elections of the rulers of the Commonwealth, is divided into six parts and ordered chronologically according to the individual rulers referenced in the articles. As a result, this part of the volume constitutes a synthetic overview of the evolution of the idea of the royal election in Polish political tradition between the 16th and the 18th century. This part of the volume begins with articles on the development of early modern political theory and praxis related to the elections in the times of the last of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Maciej Serwański, Tomasz Kempa, Jerzy Urwanowicz, and Dorota Gregorowicz write about the political praxis during the first royal elections, while Agnieszka Pawłowska-Kubik as well as Dariusz Dolański and Filip Wolański devote their articles to the conceptions of the royal elections in their initial stages (with regard to Zebrzydowski’s Rebellion and 18th century historical compendia respectively). In the parts devoted to elections during the reign of Sigismund III Vasa’s two sons as well as the reign of John III Sobieski, the authors discuss the issues of the relationship with the political elites (Anna Filipczak-Kocur, Maciej Franz), as well as the military (Przemysław Gawron, Zbigniew Hundert). In turn, Paweł Duda, MonikaKonrádová, and Aleksandra Ziober touch upon the diplomatic relationships with the Vaticanand the Holy Roman Empire, while Artur Goszczyński and Robert Kołodziej focuson the organization of the election. Eight of the articles in this part of the volume discussthe crucial Saxon period in the history of Poland. Mariusz Sawicki and Andriej Macuk discuss the attitude of the Commonwealth elites to the election of the Saxon kings. The diplomatic issues connected with European politics are elaborated upon by Aleksandra Skrzypietz (the correspondence of the Prince of Conti), Zbigniew Anusik (Swedish politics), and Urszula Kosińska (Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém’s candidacy to the throne of Poland).Moreover, this part of the volume focuses also on the important issue of the candidacy andelection of Stanisław Leszczyński to the throne of Poland, which is touched upon in differentcontexts in articles by Michał Zwierzykowski, Tomasz Ciesielski, and Małgorzata Durbas.Moreover, two articles are devoted to the era of Stanisław August Poniatowski: Arkadiusz M.Stasiak writes about the election of the king in the context of the God-given power of the king, on the basis of the election of 1764, while Henryk Kocój discusses the issue of electinga Saxon ruler during the time of the Great Sejm, in the context of the account of the Saxonianrepresentative to Poland, August Franz Essen.The last part of the volume is devoted to the election of civil servants in the Commonwealth.Andrzej Rachuba and Maria Czeppe discuss the influence of clergy on the decisions made at regional councils. Witold Filipczak presents the issue of the election of landed magistrates in the times of the Permanent Council, while Katarzyna Bucholc-Srogosz touches upon the election of the speakers of the Permanent Council. Tadeusz Srogosz discusses the issues with electing representatives and civil servants by the royalist faction at the regional council in Żytomierz in 1790. This part of the volume concludes with an article by Dariusz Nawrot, “Between the Commonwealth Tradition and the Rules of Centralized Power. The Election of Civil Servants in Lithuania in 1812.” The volume ends with an extensive bibliography and index.
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Монографію присвячено малодослідженій у сучасній музичній науці проблемі західноєвропейських впливів у східнослов’янській (і, зокрема, українській) духовній пісенності. У центрі уваги автора – жанр духовної пісні, що розглядається у широкому контексті як явище художньої та церковної культури. Значну увагу приділено літургічному чиннику як одному з провідних у процесі створення східнослов’янського духовно-пісенного репертуару. Багато явищ церковної музичної культури набули нової інтерпретації. Вагому частку становить новий текстовий та музичний матеріал з історії східнослов’янської духовної пісенності. Як підсумок багаторічної роботи джерелознавчого та текстологічного характеру у монографії подано створений на основі українських, білоруських та російських рукописних пісенників XVII-XIX століть системний інципітний каталог західноєвропейських духовних пісень, що увійшли до східнослов’янського духовно-пісенного репертуару. Для музикознавців, культурологів, філологів – мовознавців та літературознавців, літургістів, а також для широкого кола читачів, що цікавляться українською культурою XVII–XIX століть.
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The book presents the results of studies on the history of women in Poland as well as in other countries and regions of the world. The authors analyse the relations of women and power from antiquity to the end of the 20th century – from court rivalry in the times of Artaxerxes II, through images of female rulers from the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasties, to women’s history in the 19th and 20th century.
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The work is a comprehensive study of the social topography of Old Warsaw at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Early Modern Period. The times are characterised by fast social and spatial changes: the area of the city expands, the functions and the names of particular city regions are formed, immigrants from all directions seek here their place to settle down.
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German-language monograph on professional theatre in Brno during the baroque historical period is based on original research of so far unreflected and unpublished archival sources stored in the Brno archives. Thanks to the topic with numerous important overlaps the local history of professional theatre in Brno is included into the large context of Baroque theatre in Central Europe. The Czech edition of the book (2009) was received with enthusiasm in professional circles and superlative reviews in professional journals. The German version comes after repeated requests from foreign experts.
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The book examines the problem of death, burials and commemoration of male and female rulers (not only Polish ones) since the late Middle Ages until the beginnings of the 20th century. The articles concern, on the one hand, the private sphere of monarchs’ lives, their religiousness and attitude to death and, on the other, the organisational, political and symbolic aspects of their deaths and funerals.
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An attempt to reconstruct the sources and describe the spirituality profile of selected Polish religious communities in the European context. It consists of dissertations presenting the basic determinants of the value of Polish pre-Tridentine culture in terms of spirituality and piety. In subsequent articles, the authors describe selected values (religious, political, ethical, aesthetic), referring to new, unique sources, not yet analyzed at all or considered from a research perspective other than that adopted by the authors. Eucharistia, Exegesis, Pietas, Devotio, Penitentia, Indulgentia, Paideia, Paupertas, Memoria - these are selected concepts on the basis of which the authors try to show the central idea of the entire project on the culture of the First Republic in dialogue with Europe and hermeneutics of values: scope, directions and methods the mutual flow of reflection in Polish and European culture - here in relation to the pre-Tridentine era and in the face of the emerging challenges of humanism during the Renaissance. The 12-volume series of monographs Kultura First Rzeczpospolitej in dialogue with Europe. The Hermeneutics of Values ”presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamism in operating in Europe.
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The book includes texts devoted to medieval and modern loca scribendi - places and environments that played an important role in the creation and development of the culture of writing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 15th to the 18th century. The authors analyze the origins, definitions, circumstances, limitations and effects of the development of the culture of writing through the prism of specific issues, which include: beginnings, organization and products of court, city and church offices: the beginnings of the Krakow city office, functioning of the court office, church and city offices in Old and New Warsaw, activities of a small-town municipal office on the example of Radziejów, organization of a municipal office in Gdańsk in terms of accounting and tax; correspondence of monarchs: correspondence between Elżbieta Habsburżanka and Zygmunt August as a manifestation of the functioning of the court locus scribendi; activities of consistory, as well as notaries and writers employed by them: writing activity of the general consistory in Poznań, the work of notaries and writers in the vicinity of the bishop of Poznań, Andrzej Bniński; preparing documents in parish Protestant churches in the Polish Republic and the German Reich.
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The eighth volume of the extensive (ten-volume) monograph by Polish Slavic studies scholars (with contributions from scholars from a number of foreign research centres), made possible by an NCN OPUS grant (2014/13/B/HS2/01057). In terms of form, the monograph is a lexicon, the main body of which consists of entries-articles on the history of 27 selected ideas that anticipated and shaped the processes of modernization in the region: agrariarism, anarchism, capitalism, clericalization, confessions, conservatism, culture, education, enlightenment, evolution, history, homeland, humanism, liberalism, modernity, nation, politics, progress, rationalism, reformation, religion, revolution, schooling, secularization, socialism, tradition, and universalism. Their semantics, change able as it was in response to local conditions, was investigated separately for each of the seven current states of the southern Slavdom: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Volume 8 presents the three ideas – capitalism, homeland, and politics – that are at the foundations of the European discourses of modernization and anti-modernization, of the European imaginary of the human intellectual condition as the key to the formation of societies. The book contains many synthetically expressed, original and source-based insights on the southern Slavic cultures’ struggles with modernity.
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The books is an anthropological analysis of peasant rebellions in the times of serfdom between the 16th and 19th centuries. The author discusses the manifestations of serf rebellions, using the so called history from below research, subaltern studies and the idea of “subjugated arms”.
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The historical, theoretical and methodological principles of scientific knowledge of the anthropological code of Ukrainian culture and civilization, their originality and mystery, at the epicentre of which is Human as a unique and highest value, are clarified. Its essence is revealed as a set of images, means of biological and sociocultural nature, associated with a set of stereotypes of consciousness of an individual or group of people, which are expressed in archetypes, mentality, intellectual, moral and material life, political and social organization of society, its culture and civilization, the transit nature and ability to be inherited. The content and functions of the anthropological code of culture and civilization at different stages of Ukrainian history - from ancient times to the present, as a system of values and types of human thinking, psychology and mentality, ways of perceiving values, intellectual and emotional understanding of the world, culture and civilization are analysed. The core of the anthropological code of culture is Human, and the anthropological code of civilization is Society. // Various theories of the loss of the value-semantic form of human existence in the context of globalization in the modern world, the paradigm of the "Russian world", the code of the so-called "all-Russian" culture, canonical territory, civilization, common roots, genetic and cultural development of Ukrainian and Russian peoples are refuted. The publication is intended for scholars and lectures of history, philosophy, cultural studies, political science, ethnology, teachers, graduate students and students, a wide range of people interested in anthropological understanding of Ukrainian culture and civilization.
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The book contains dissertations on animals in the Old Polish culture: it talks about human–nature relations, the respect man had for nature, his empathy for all creatures and also about defining humanism through contacts with the world of nature. The volume is the result of work of an interdisciplinary research team centered around the studio Humanism. The Hermeneutics of Values at the Faculty of “Artes Liberales” of the University of Warsaw.
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This anniversary volume offers personal accounts from 12 scholars from Germany, Poland as well as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lithuania, employed at the German Historical Institute in Warsaw in various times over the period of the Institute’s 30 years of operation. The authors are unanimous: changing the point of view in the course of the research projects realized at the Institute was an enriching experience. They write about dialogical thinking, sharpening their intercultural competences, and new research contexts. Future involvements have often shown the Warsaw point of view to be both valid and fruitful.
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The book is devoted to the culture of memory of the political elites of Kraków in the middle ages and early modern times (until the end of 18th century). The author concentrates on the workings of the city’s “vehicles of memory”: political practices aimed at the making, shaping and institutionalizing of the official memory of the city, whose chief medium were copies of privileges guarded in the city hall. This sui generis politics of memory on the part of Kraków authorities served above all to legitimize the autonomy of the city’s legal and political system. The centre coordinating the work of Kraków’s “vehicles of memory” was the chancellery run by the city council.
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The fourth publication in the Respublica Litteraria in Action series, part of the editorial project Corpus Epistularum Ioannis Dantisci conducted at the University of Warsaw for two decades under the direction of Anna Skolimowska and Jerzy Axer. The series features papers from participants in the scientific sessions held alongside the international council meetings of the “Registration and Publication of Ioannes Dantiscus’ Correspondence (1485–1548)” programme. The issues of the meetings deal with various aspects of the international environment in the sixteenth century, called in Latin respublica litteraria, formed by the literati, scholars and intellectuals of Europe. The latest volume, in addition to texts related to the broad topic of the representation of geographical space in the culture of the Early Modern era, includes an itinerary of Piotr Tomicki, covering the period of his tenure as Sub-Chancellor of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
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