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Die Entstehung der modernen Ukraine - die westliche Dimension

Author(s): Roman Szporluk / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2005

In den kommenden Jahren werden sich die politischen Beobachter mit Sicherheit der Frage widmen (und über sie streiten), welcher Stellenwert der »Orangen Revolution« für die postkommunistische Politik und Gesellschaft der Ukraine - und weit über sie hinaus - zukommt. Geleitet von ihrer jeweiligen Sicht auf »2004«, werden die Historiker die Geschichte der Ukraine neu interpretieren und schreiben. Damit bleiben sie einer bewährten akademischen Tradition treu: »1917« hat, wie man weiß, ganze Gelehrtengenerationen in Russland und im Westen dazu animiert, in der russischen Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts nach den Ursprüngen der bolschewistischen Revolution zu suchen - und sie zu finden.

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Einwanderungskontinent Europa

Author(s): Saskia Sassen / Language(s): German Issue: 29/2005

Seit der EU-Osterweiterung geht das Gespenst massiver Wanderungsströme von ärmeren in reichere Regionen um. Allenthalben wächst die Überzeugung, dass dieser Zustrom angesichts hoher Arbeitslosigkeit, unzureichender Staatsressourcen und wachsender Ausländerfeindlichkeit nicht verkraftet werden kann. Alle drei Probleme sind Fakten. Was die EU aber zu ihrer Lösung unternehmen kann und soll, liegt keineswegs auf der Hand. Betrachtet man die großen europäischen Volkswirtschaften ein wenig eingehender, so zeigt sich, dass sie eine große Zahl von Arbeitskräften benötigen, die bereit sind, Niedriglohnstellen ohne Aussicht auf beruflichen Aufstieg (»Billigjobs«) anzunehmen. Ein Blick auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung in Europa zeigt, dass es einer signifikanten Einwanderung bedarf, um dem zu erwartenden dramatischen Bevölkerungsrückgang entgegenzuwirken und damit auch die Folgen für die Staatseinkünfte und die Rentenfinanzierung aufzufangen - die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung wird dann 65 Jahre oder älter sein. Und schließlich demonstriert die europäische Geschichte der Ausländerfeindlichkeit,dass wir solche Ablehnung schon mehrfach erlebt, über die Generationen hinweg aber jede Einwanderungswelle absorbiert haben, sodass unsere Bevölkerung heute ziemlich gemischt ist: Aus »Ihnen« wurde im Laufe der 500-jährigen Geschichte innereuropäischer Wanderungsbewegungen ein » Wir«.

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The Kosovo Precedent in the Secession and Recognition of Crimea

Author(s): Elvina Jusufa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Crimea’s secession from Ukraine and its annexation to the Russian Federation invoked Kosovo precedent, in its declaration of independence, as an argument for secession. The territorial refer-endum in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, only five days after the declaration of independence, was an attempt to justify the secession based on the right to self-determination of the people of Crimea. It is overwhelmingly considered illegal and its outcome has not been accepted and recog-nized by states, regional and international organizations. The comparative elements of statehood and secession between Kosovo and Crimea are reflected through analyzing the declarations of in-dependence, international recognition and Russia’s role as a third-state factor in external self-determination. Essential distinctions are highlighted. Kosovo is widely acknowledged and accepted a sui generis case. Its declaration of independence came as result of a long-monitored comprehen-sive process; not to legitimize the right for self-determination but as the final option for stability and peace in the region. Crimea seceded in violation of international law through the use of force. While Kosovo is a democratic, multi-ethnic new state and recognized by 107states, the secession of Cri-mea and its annexation to the Russian Federation is considered illegal and endangers the existing international order.

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ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTİSİ DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE-BULGARİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİ (2002-2015)

Author(s): Kader Özlem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

Turkey and Bulgaria, being two neighbor countries, have strategical importance for each other in terms of political, economic, cultural, geographical and social aspects. Although the incidents in the historical process create a confidence problem, there have been positive political, military and economic developments in bilateral relations because of the structural changes in foreign and internal policies of Bulgaria after the end of Todor Zhivkov regime. In this, Bulgaria’s renunciation of the assimilation policies towards Turks in 1980s has been main factor in thatregard. The bilateral relations have developed rapidly after the Zhivkov period and this trend continued in 2000’s as well. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between Turkey and Bulgaria with the political, military, economic and Turkish minority dimensions in the period of Justice and Development Party (Ak Party).

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Sceninio herojaus kaita lietuvių teatre po 1990-ųjų: Rimo Tumino „Edipas karalius“

Author(s): Rasa Vasinauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2010

Having in mind the new expectations of the audience and the shift of the theatre towards entertaining performance, the author of the article stresses the birth of new tragic hero, which concretizes the state of loneliness in his “non-tragic” surrounding. The article is based on the performance “Oedipus the King” directed by Rimas Tuminas in the Lithuanian National drama Theatre in 1998. This production is very important in the artistic carrier of Rimas Tuminas because of the new interpretation of a classical hero, which reflects the new attitude to the contemporary theatre and its aims. “Oedipus the King” shows the endeavour of the director to recover the classical, traditional values and at the same time his fruitless efforts in the new artistic and theatrical reality. The author of the article applies to the terms of “epic theatre” and “epic subject”, stressing the shift of the directorial method of Tuminas towards the theatre-as-a-game principle, and highlights the appearance of the theatrical theme in his productions. This theme becomes the finalizing element of the “Oedipus the King”, which affects both the scenic dramaturgy and content of the performance. Noting the post-modern aesthetics of Tuminas’ direction, the author of the article stresses his reliance on the poetics of the plays of Anton Chekhov and summarizes that the scenic hero of Rimas Tuminas became lonely in the theatre, and this loneliness developed the tragic and farce-like elements of the performance in which the most important place was taken not by the protagonist of the play but by his environment.

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Apie naratyvumą šiuolaikiniame teatre: spektaklio „Tolima šalis“ atvejis

Author(s): Rūta Mažeikienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2010

The article addresses one of the notable characteristics of contemporary theatre: instead of being a place for showing and seeing, theatre more and more often becomes a place for narrating and listening. As contemporary theatre theorists note, the narrative manner of artistic expression is one of the distinctive features of contemporary theatre, as there are numerous performances in which narrative monologues and dialogues dominate the dramatic action. That is why the spectator very often has the impression that he / she is not seeing a play but rather listening to a story. Moreover, the narrative mode of representation encourages blurring the clear-cut distinction between fiction and reality, and allows the actors to tell / present the story freely balancing between the fictional status of the narrative story (histoire) and the actual situation of narration (narration). Referring to Gérard Genette’s narratology, the play “Le pays lointain” (“The distant land”) written by the French author Jean-Luc Lagarce (1994) and its theatrical production staged by the Lithuanian director Gintaras Varnas for the Kaunas State Drama Theatre (2001), the article discusses how the process of narration is shaped in a dramatic text, how it is developed in a theatrical performance, and how this kind of narration blurs the division between fiction and reality.

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Ударение в непроизводных именах с однородным вокалическим составом в ямальском диалекте тундрового ненецкого языка. Часть I. Фонетические слова с гласными нижнего и среднего подъемов

Author(s): Maria Konstantinovna Amelin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (21)/2016

The article takes into account the field data collected by the author during work with native speakers of the Yamal dialect of Tundra Nenets in the Tambey tundra and Syo-Yakha (Yamalsky municipal district, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) in April―September 2010. The article deals with the problems of suprasegmental phonetics of the Yamal dialect (idiom of Syo-Yakha and the Tambey tundra of the Yamalsky municipal district). In it, basic and secondary acoustic correlates of stress (word accent) in the disyllabic underived nouns with homogeneous vocalic structure (with low and middle vowels) in the Yamal dialect are considered. The combinatorics of the primary and secondary acoustic correlates of stress in the Yamal dialect is also considered and the conclusion is made that the word accent in the Yamal dialect is expiratory and quantitative, i. e. the main acoustic correlates of stress are temporal marking and expiratory marking of a stressed vowel compared with the unstressed. While marking of a stressed vowel of the first syllable is mainly based on the expiratory emphasis, marking of a stressed vowel of the second syllable is based on the temporal emphasis, and that is explained by the general language tendencies (long pronunciation of the final open syllable and more loud and intense pronunciation of the beginning of a phonetic word compared with the end).

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Konstytucyjność ustawy „o zaburzonych”. Podstawa prawna izolacji postpenalnej i nadzoru prewencyjnego w polskim porządku prawnym

Author(s): Karolina Piech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

This article concerns an issue of a post-penal isolation in Poland, introduced on the strength of an enactment of 22 November 2013 - “enactment about distorted people”. An author related to an issue of a compatibility this enactment with Constitution and international law, and rules of criminal law. She featured an issue of a prohibition of retroactive law, a prohibition of a double punishing and a contravention of a dignity of human and educational or rehabilitative function of penalty. An author raised an issue introduced by psychologist – especially an issue of effectiveness of therapy.

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Za młodzi, za biedni? Orientacja na małżeństwo młodych dorosłych niebędących w związku małżeńskim

Author(s): Magda Wieteska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Young Poles are marrying less frequently. In 2013 1,800,000 marriages were concluded, which is over 20.000 less than the year before. Along with the decline in the number of marriages concluded the age of the people who made the decision has increased. Among the reasons for given by young adults for not legalizing their intimate relations are the spread of the culture of individualism, lack of emotional readiness correlating with a prolonging a period of psychosocial moratorium, and a lack of the financial resources necessary for starting a family. In this article I present the views of young adults on the institution of marriage and the factors which do or do not motivate them to legalise their relationships.

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Several Ideas on Holocaust and Restitution in Historical Overview

Author(s): Nikola Samardžić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The restitution process started in Eastern Europe only after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union (1989–1991). While the Holocaust was the official policy of Nazi Germany from 1941, denials of the Holocaust were associated both with the radical, neo-fascist political right, and certain intellectual circles or individuals belonging to the radical left, generally associated with support or cooperation with communist Cold War regimes, or authoritarian regimes after the fall of communism. The ideological, and especially the revolutionary left was dividing the world into exploiters and exploited, questioning both the values and private property, and human suffering. Public debate on the draft law on the elimination of the consequences of seizing the assets of Holocaust victims and regulation of Jewish heirless property looted during the Holocaust began on December 18, 2015. It was anticipated that the Government of Republic of Serbia should launch a legislative initiative by the end of 2015. Already announced restitution model should be related to the Jewish national and religious communities network. The model applied in the Slovak Republic foresaw monetary compensation paid to the Union of Jewish Religious Communities as a consequence of negotiations between the government and the representatives of the Jewish community.

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Ekonomiczne znaczenie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w województwie małopolskim

Author(s): Dagmara K. Zuzek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03 (1)/2014

The idea of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development of enterprises is more and more space in the theory and practice of business. Practically every corporation and a large company implements CSR, and their example goes as many small and medium-sized enterprises. However, they face a lot of barriers that hinder significantly or at least slow down the process of implementing this idea. In this article used the results of research carried out in 2012 on a group of 250 randomly selected companies in the Malopolska province belonging to the SME sector.

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Analiza zmian sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw polskich branży mleczarskiej w latach 2010-2012

Author(s): Karol Kukuła,Sławomir Lisek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03 (1)/2014

In the years 2010–2012 there were difficult changes on the labour market in Poland. Diary company’s final clients are households, who are strong depended on labour market. This article is about, how changes financial situation of the diary’s enterprises in comparison with the labour market’s changes. It was done using synthetic measure of the diary’s companies, mostly cooperatives. In result financial situation diary’s enterprises, worsened, but on the end of the 2012 year was still good.

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Ludzie – zwierzęta i zwierzęta jak ludzie. Bieszczadzcy smolarze wobec świata przyrody

Author(s): Olga Knapik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The article discusses the question of human-nature relation among the group of tar makers and their families, living in Bieszczady mountains. Tar makers are the forestry workers making charcoal in resorts. This profession is traditional for this region and the neighbouring. Th e main consequences of working as a tar maker are the specific isolation from the society and living surrounded by forest. Based on a results of a fieldwork carried out in Bieszczady in January 2014, author tries to answer the question, whether the specificity of the tar maker profession influences the vision of nature, flora and fauna, and the relation between man and nature. By analysing the language used to describe the forest and generally the nature and by asking about the personal feelings and stories about work, forest, plants, pets and wild animals, the author is trying to discover the key used to conceptualize the place of humans in the natural world and to place it in the wider context of the nature – culture and human - animal relation present in the European culture.

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Informacije

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Srbija i Rumunija u Prvom svetkom ratu, Beograd 18. maj 2016. Istorija plovidbe Đerdapskom klisurom, Beograd 27-28. septembar 2016. Jugoslovensko-poljski odnosi u XX veku, Beograd, 29-30. septembar 2016. Dobrovoljci u velikom ratu 1914-1918. Beograd, 17.21. oktobar 2016. Elite u velikom ratu, Novi Sad, 27-28. oktobar 2016. The Student Millieu in the Soviet Bloc Countries 1945-1989), Wroclaw, November 29 - December 1 2016

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Czech journalists in the 21st century: who are they?

Author(s): Alice Nĕmcová- Tejkalová,Filip Láb / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Who are Czech journalists and what do they do? Based on data from 291 interviews with Czech journalists working in the news media at various levels between 2012 and 2014, for the Worlds of Journalism Study (www.worldsofjournalism.org), the paper introduces for the first time an overview of the most important results of the Czech part of the study. We present an analysis of the data on journalists’ working conditions, the most and least important perceived influences on their work, as well as their level of trust in various institutions, recent significant changes perceived in their profession and the professional roles they prefer. The basic demographic data of our sample is also given. The survey was done in two phases, between which significant media ownership changes took place, making the results highly up-to-date. We conclude that the position of journalists is changing. Journalists are required to write more stories than before, yet have less time to research them. Although they assert the importance of journalistic ethics, they have also perceived that ethical standards have somewhat weakened recently. Nevertheless, they express a high level of autonomy and freedom in their work.

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Journalistic role performance in Poland

Author(s): Agnieszka Stępińska,Ewa Jurga- Wosik,Kinga Adamczewska,Bartłomiej Secler,Dominika Narożna / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perception among Polish journalists. Still less is known about how different ideals of professional roles affect journalistic role performance. This paper aims to present the findings of the content analysis of 1,130 news stories published in four Polish newspapers in 2012 and 2013. The study was a part of the international research project: Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, www.journalisticperformance.org). The results indicate that the watchdog model is most commonly used in the Polish press, followed by the infotainment and civic models. However, the findings of the content analysis primarily support the general observation on the political orientations of the Polish newspapers and political parallelism of the Polish media system.

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Journalistic role performance – the Hungarian case

Author(s): Gabriella Szabó,Nikolett Kormos,Veronika Zagyi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article introduces the results of an empirical examination of journalistic role performance in Hungary. In reference to the “Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe” research project (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, www.journalisticperformance.org), we attempt to discuss the main patterns of role performance in contemporary journalism in Hungary. The presence of six models in news production (watchdog, disseminator-interventionist, civic, loyalfacilitator, service journalism, and infotainment) is investigated by conducting a quantitative content analysis of 1,087 news items published by the national desk of four Hungarian broadsheets in 2012–2013.

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Photojournalism in Central Europe: on authenticity and ethics

Author(s): Filip Láb,Sandra Štefániková,Martina Topinková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The development of the Internet and digital technology by the end of the twentieth century has raised serious disputes about ethics, authenticity and photo manipulation. These concerns are especially relevant in the field of photojournalism in the news media, where credibility matters the most. In this paper we described the current situation in relation to image authenticity and professional ethics in three countries of Central Europe – the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. We asked research questions regarding photo production, circumstances of photographing, image content, technical improvements, manipulation, ethical standards and responsibility. Our findings reveal a complexity of ethical issues related to working with visual news material. During the fieldwork we conducted 65 in-depth interviews and surveys with full-time and freelance photojournalists and photo editors working for printed and online newspapers and opinion magazines in Central Europe.

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Media coverage of corruption: the role of inter-media agenda setting in the context of media reporting on scandals

Author(s): Andrej Školkay,Alena Ištoková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The study focuses on two Slovak corruption cases, both well-documented and of similar social relevance, of which one did not receive any cross-media coverage. Moreover, the case of large-scale bribery was rather under-hyped in comparison to other major corruption scandals occurring in the country. The case of cronyism formed a typical example of extremely poor inter-media coverage of highly unfair and politicised cronyism. Through these cases, especially in the one in which the media failed to stimulate the creation of a full-blown scandal, the study further analyses the criteria and circumstances that determine the worthiness of a case for wide media coverage. The study on Slovakia is framed within theories of scandalous reporting and the theory of agenda setting and inter-media agenda setting role of the media, and supported by quantitative analysis of actual media coverage of the bribery case.

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Зубовский институт: (Пост)фольклор переходного времени

Author(s): Evgenia Khazdan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article describes the lore of the Russian Institute of Art History (Zubov Institute) in the period from July 2013 to April 2014, i. e in the beginning of a series of highly unpopular measures imposed on this institution by the Ministry of Culture. It introduces some texts mocking the new director and her aides, and tells the story of how the Russian Institute of Art History functioned during the transitional period.

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