Preporod kao pitanje hrvatske državnosti, osuvremenjenja i uloga Bosne

Author(s): Ivan Pederin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 43/2015

Od kraja XVIII. st. do danas u Europi i u SAD dogodile su se promjene kakve se ne pamte od vremena prelaska čovječanstva s lovne privrede na zemljoradnju. Te su promjene bitno utjecale na život europskih naroda, ali su prodrle i do najudaljenijih kutaka svijeta. Pod preporodom se kod nas obično razumijeva ilirizam, kao euforični pokret koji počinje s Disertacijom grofa Janka Draškovića do početka novoapsolutizma, dakle razdoblje od jedva dva desetljeća. U tom razdoblju zanati su se oslonili na stečevine prirodnih znanosti, prije svega nove matematike, pa su zajedno s trgovinom, doživjeli neslućeni procvat. Došlo je do razvitka nacionalne znanosti i to ne samo prirodne, nego i humanističke. Među humanističkim znanostima ističu se prije svega povijest i filologija. Književnost, koja je do tada bila zabava u velikaškim dvorcima ili sredozemnim komunama, sada postaje nacionalna. Proučava se jezik koji u većini nacija postaje oznaka nacije. Nacije sada donose suvremene zakonike s pojmom jednakosti pred zakonom. Drugim riječima u tom razdoblju nastaju suvremene nacije sa svojom osobnošću i nacionalna gospodarstva sa svojim interesima i sebičnošću. Dotada je nacija bila isto što i dinastija, sada nacija postaje narod kojemu dinastija nije nužna, ali suvremene nacije ne ukidaju uvijek monarhije, a najviše je njih ostalo baš u Europi. No one su sada ustavne monarhije.

Опит за критичен прочит на ранната биография на П. Й. Шафарик

Author(s): Teodorichka Gotovska-Henze / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article analyses the life of the young Pavel Joseph Shaffarik, his education and his initial orientation toward Slavic studies. It investigates critically the existing opinions, presenting the view that his initial motivation is formed not by the classical education he’s got, but by the Romantic influences of the Czech national leaders. Further, it presents the special place Bulgarians and their ancient language have in his Romantic concept.

Българската завера от 1835 г. – първа проява на националноосвободителното движение през ХІХ век

Author(s): Petko St. Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article critically analyzes the acts of opposition against the Ottoman regime in the early nineteenth century and based on specific criteria comes to the conclusion that they are not forms of national liberation movement, but only actions of active Bulgarian participation in foreign anti-Ottoman initiatives.The leading role of Captain Georgi Mamarchev in the preparation of the Bulgarian Conspiracy of 1835 and its significance as the first manifestation of the Bulgarian national liberation movement are proved. Although unsuccessful, the Bulgarian Conspiracy has an effect on the next acts of the national liberation movement – the uprising in Bulgaria in 1850 and on the ideas and activities of Georgi Rakovski after the Crimean War.

Narrative Muster des Kriegs, der Nation und des Imperiums

Author(s): Boris Previšić / Language(s): German Issue: 24/2015

Cultural intertwining of the German-speaking with the South Slav regions has persisted to this day. In this article, I analyze three war narratives (of the Bosnian War 1992–1995), a narrative of nation building (by Leopold Ranke in 1829) and narratives of different imperial types (by Peter Handke in 1986 and primarily in 2002) in order to show that the South Slav region does not occupy a special status in South-Eastern Europe. However, the intertwining of different economic and cultural spaces in the imperial zone of transition between the Ottoman and the Habsburg Empires yields narratives which can also be considered as paradigmatic for other cultural spaces. It is therefore possible to make generalizations about them.

Deutsch im Diskurs der Illyrischen Bewegung (1835–1843)

Author(s): Kristian Novak,Barbara Štebih Golub / Language(s): German Issue: 24/2015

The Illyrian Movement generated specific narrative models containing elements of language ideology which corroborate the thesis about the inseparability of language and nation, typical of the period in question. This includes the description of the desired patriotic behavior in order to promote the national language. The use of foreign language either in the public or the private sphere is thus represented as irresponsible and endangering the national language. Consequently, the discourse of the Illyrian Movement exhibits predominantly negative attitudes towards the German language. However, discourse analysis shows that German was the dominant language in higher social classes and therefore inevitable as a means of activism.

Приносът на Австро-Унгария за обявяването на независимостта на Албания

Author(s): Fehari Ramadani / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2014

Austria-Hungary was the Great Power which supported the Albanian national movement from the end of the nineteenth century. With the outbreak of the general uprising of 1912 Albanian efforts to secure the support of the Great Powers were focused mainly on Austria-Hungary. The end of 1912 marks a crucial stage in the development of Albanian national movement. At the time, diplomacy of Austria-Hungary was activated to find solutions to the unresolved issues created as a result of the Balkan war. The situation created after the start of the Balkan war sparked concerns and response of the Austria-Hungary which was very much worried because of the potential instability and uncontrolled situation in the South-Eastern Europe. Austria-Hungary applied active policy to prevent occupying of Albanian lands from the Allies. Proclamation of the Independence of Albania was not an unexpected act from the Austria-Hungary because Wien organized a crucial support for the Albanian leaders. Without this kind of support regarding the Albanian question Albanian lands would have been more severely affected.

Юра Константинова. Българи и гърци в борба за османското наследство В. Търново. Изд. „Фабер“, 2014. 296 с.

Author(s): Tina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2014

Book Review

Иван Марков. Хаджи Иван(чо) Пенчович: Мит и реалност. С., Изд. „Логис“, 2013. 290 с.

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2013

Book Review

Die Familie Coburg und die Slowakei König Ferdinand von Bulgarien und seine „geliebten Leute und Berge“

Author(s): Roman Holec / Language(s): German Issue: 3-4/2014

The article of prof. R. Holets presents new and unknown moments in the life of the Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand after his abdication and departure from the country. Based exclusively on documents with which Bulgarian researchers were unable to work, it presents his life in an environment very different from that in Bulgaria, in a new role, unlike the one he played until 1918. The study adds new and unknown touches to the image of Tsar Ferdinand.

Пренасянето на тленните останки на Г. С. Раковски от Букурещ в София през 1885 г. – Към началото на създаването на националния пантеон

Author(s): Keta Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Eight years after his death in Bucharest (1867), the bones of the Bulgarian national revolutionary Georgi С. Rakovski were carried to Sofia the capital of the young Bulgarian Principality. Started as a private Initiative of the Volunteer's association in Rousse the event grew into a national hero's commemoration. The commemoration ceremonies include the Prince, ministers, MPs, the army, municipal authorities, craft organizations, teachers, and pupils. Despite the attempts of the ruling Liberal Party and their political opponents to use the event for narrow party goals, no one calls into question the need to pay tribute to the hero. The article tracks how this event contributes to the invention of a nationalistic public tradition and the creation of a new patriotic discourse in the process of nation-building.

The Bill of Rights and Judicial Review in the American Constitution of 1787

Author(s): Andrzej Bryk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2004

Koncepcje reformy gospodarczej rozważane podczas I Krajowego Zjazdu Delegatów NSZZ „Solidarność”

Author(s): Grzegorz Wołk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13-14/2022

The economic crisis, which had been started since the mid-1970s, was one of the main factors in the outbreak of the Solidarity revolution. The birth of Solidarity did not make the problem disappear. The Solidarity delegates were well aware of this. Although political issues aroused most emotion during the debates, economic themes were constantly present. Most of the delegates for the congress speeches referring to economic reforms were limited to general statements about the necessity of reforms, without specifying how they were to look like. Most of the demands of the delegates were of a leftist and socialist nature. Liberal ideas, such as Stefan Kurowski’s concept, were extremely rare. The analysis of the economic discourse shows very clearly that, as befits a trade union, the Solidarity pushed through the reform ideas which were the least harmful for the poorest part of society, saw the need to introduce aid measures, and often wanted to burden the representatives of the communist nomenclature with the costs of the reforms.

Co władze NRD wiedziały o przygotowaniach do stanu wojennego w Polsce?

Author(s): Filip Gańczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13-14/2022

As early as August 1980, the GDR authorities were monitoring their communist allies in Poland to see if there were any plans to suppress the ongoing strikes and later to pacify the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union “Solidarność”. Reports on this topic were provided by the Ministry for State Security (Stasi), military intelligence and the embassy in Warsaw, among others. Initially, such information was coming in only sporadically. With time – and especially since September 1981 – more regularly and more in-depth. Specific undertakings were reported: prepared lists of arrests, plans for a military takeover of the mass media and the dissolution of all political parties. Still, these signals were underestimated by the East German analysts. They ignored General Wojciech Jaruzelski’s growing readiness to confront the opposition and preferred to trust these voices in the Polish United Workers’ Party that expressed doubts about the ability of the First Secretary to use force.

Stenogram tak zwanej rozmowy braci i jej ekspertyza wykonana przez Komendę Główną MO. Oprac. Grzegorz Majchrzak

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13-14/2022

Opozycja w Polsce i na Węgrzech (próba porównania i mapowania relacji)

Author(s): Miklós Mitrovits / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13-14/2022

The aim of the study is to describe the different political and social conditions of opposition activity in Hungary and Poland between 1956 and 1989, and to map the relations between the various Hungarian and Polish opposition groups. The author starts from the premise that after 1956 radically different political, economic and social conditions developed in the two countries. While in Poland the situation was relatively favourable for opposition activity, in Hungary the possibilities were limited and only in the late 1970s, and especially after the birth of the Polish Solidarity movement, did the scope for action increase. On the other hand, the author argues that activity in opposition was not sufficient for the development of Hungarian-Polish relations, but that the political, ideological and generational differences of Hungarian opposition groups had a decisive influence on the relations. Thus, for the Hungarians, the worldview and political strategy of the opposition in Poland were more important than the only opposition’s behaviour.

Wysoka temperatura. Od wolności do wolności 1980–1990

Author(s): Karol Chwastek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13-14/2022

Jan Rulewski, oprac. J. Olaszek, Warszawa: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2021, 309 ss.

The Great Comeback of the Solidarity Idea in 1980. Polish Social Movement and Late Modernity

Author(s): Jacek Kołtan / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2022

The idea of solidarity returned to post‑war intellectual discourse thanks to the social and trade union movement Solidarity (Solidarność), which was born in Poland in 1980. Its originality lies primarily in the renewal of the ideal of freedom and democracy at the end of the 20th century. To understand the uniqueness of that event, I interpret the turn of the 1970s and 1980s as a new phase in the development of modernity, which is moving into late modernity. It consists of economic fundamentalism with a neo‑liberal market economy (Thatcher, Reagan, Deng Xiaoping), anti‑leftist politics, as well as the return of religion in political life (Ayatollah Khomeini, John Paul II). Solidarity was born as a counterpoint to the first two phenomena, drawing inspiration from leftist traditions and Christian ethics. I then reconstruct the meaning of the idea of solidarity as it took shape in 1980–1981, analysing the notion of emancipatory, agonistic and political solidarity. Interpreting Lech Wałęsa’s Nobel Prize speech and excerpts from the most important programmatic document of the Solidarity movement, the Self‑governing Republic, I reconstruct the notion of political solidarity. Concepts of freedom, equality, dignity, truth and non‑violence allow to reconstruct the core content of the political notion of solidarity. Thus the Solidarity trade union movement is interpreted as the renewal of the Enlightenment promise of freedom –the universal freedom of every citizen.

JEWS AND THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Author(s): Ihor HYRYCH,Vitaliy Telvak,Viktoria Telvak,Bohdan Yanyshyn / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article summarizes the problem of mutual relationships between Ukrainian and Jewish elites in Ukraine during the 19th and early 20th centuries on the conceptual level. It explains why Ukrainian and Jewish national movements did not find a beneficial compromise in Ukraine. The article presents the views of leading Ukrainian political thinkers such as Panteleimon Kulish, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Mykola Mikhnovskyi and others toward the Jewish question and prospects for Ukrainian-Jewish Cooperation in Ukraine. Authors trace the assimilation problem that Jewish intellectuals faced after their introduction into the Russian and Ukrainian cultures and accession into political organizations. They also draw parallels between Zionism and the Ukrainian national movement. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of a mutually beneficial and transparent Ukrainian-Jewish dialogue, considering the prior positive experience of cooperation.

Interpretation of History and Nation Building in Kazakhstan: Official Historiography and Ethnic Narratives

Author(s): Doszhan Kaliyev / Language(s): English Issue: 116/2023

History plays an essential role in the development of a state. Today, the approach to historical science and its purposes are changing, the ethnic factor is being added to it, and the social, cultural and spiritual part of the historical past is being studied. New approaches help to establish a comprehensive picture of a people's history. The relevance of the study is explained by the necessity of establishing a comprehensive historical model of Kazakhstan. The novelty consists in combining official, state history and ethnic narratives, i.e. the socio-cultural dimension. The history of Kazakhstan as a state has gone through many historical vicissitudes, as has the history of the peoples inhabiting its territory. Thus, to search for a general historical past, both political and economic history, i.e. state history, ethnic narratives, cultural and social history, is combined. The combination of these two approaches facilitates the interpretation of the historical past of the region and answers the questions that are acute in the contemporary world, such as those of nationhood, identity and state consciousness. The study considers methods and theories of interpretation of Kazakh history, the official historiography on which textbooks are written, and several studies presenting "alternative" history where authors focus on issues of ethnicity. The study also examines such crucial concepts as Russification and Kazakhisation and issues of nation-building and nationalism. The research has promoted the conclusion that, at the present stage, state historiography includes quite a few ethnic components, there is a parallel national school of history working in the field of "alternative" history.

O rzekomym chrzcie prawosławnym Jagiełły (polemika z hipotezą Jana Tęgowskiego)

Author(s): Jarosław Nikodem / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2023

Th e author attempted to verify the opinions of historiography (especially the latest suggestion by JanTęgowski) on the alleged Orthodox baptism of Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania. An analysisof the sources has unequivocally shown that the future king of Poland was baptised in Krakow in1386 as a pagan.