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1877-1878 OSMANLI-RUS SAVAŞI SIRASINDA KARADAĞ SINIRINDAKİ ASKERÎ DURUM ÜZERİNE BİR İNGİLİZ SUBAYIN MEMORANDUMU

Author(s): Bülent Akyay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

The revolt in Herzegovina in 1875, constituted the beginning of a new crisis in the Eastern Question. Within the balance of European Powers, this crisis had become an international problem with the intervention of the Great Powers. The course following the revolt had left Ottoman Empire in a difficult position and Pan-Slavism made feel the full weight for Ottomans during the period with the events like the Bulgarian Rebellion of 1876, Ottoman-Serbian-Montenegrin War of 1876, The Conference of Istanbul (Tersane) in 1876, and finally, these events caused to the “War of 93” known as the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. During the war time, British intelligence officer Captain F.C.H. Clarke informed his country with his reports regarding the Ottoman Balkan frontiers. In this paper, the military position on both sides of the frontier between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro will be discussed within the framework of Captain Clarke’s memorandum dated as October 1st, 1877.

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YANYA’DA İLK OSMANLI HÂKİMİYET DÖNEMİ VE XIV. YÜZYILA AİT UNUTULMUŞ BİR ZÂVİYE

Author(s): AYŞEGÜL KILIÇ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

Ottoman dervish lodges that witnessed the Ottoman conquest and first settlements in the Balkan Peninsula were important for both Ottoman and Islamic history. However in accordance with the lack of resources giving enough information about early Ottoman period’s first conquests and settlements, the first architectural structures have been neglected as well. One of them, known as the oldest Halveti lodge of Albania, Seyh Hasim Zaviye, which originates from the first period of the Ottoman rule, is located today in Ioannina, Greece. No detailed study on the tekke has been made so far, and no further information, except its foundation in 1390’s by Evrenos Beg, could be offered yet. Therefore, the first phase of our paper is to determine the first period of the Ottoman rule in Ioannina and thus the foundation date of this dervish lodge. Then the name of zaviye which was reflected to the Ottoman sources will be identified and will be discussed whether this dervish lodge was established as an Halveti zaviye. Finally we will mention about the current state of this forgotten XIVth century’s structure from the first Ottoman rule in Ioannina.

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De la dezastru militar la agonie politică – campania din 1711 și decăderea domniilor române

Author(s): Andrei Pogăcias / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2013

The Pruth campaign ending in disaster at the battle of Stănilești in 1711 was an important moment in European history, and an event which could have literally changed world history, had Peter the Great been captured by the Ottomans. The present study uses the available sources from all sides involved to give a comprehensive image of the campaign, its participants, causes and effects of the Christian camp.

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Osmanlı Tekke Mutfak Kültürü ve Mecmuâ-i Fevâid

Author(s): Güldane Gündüzöz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

The dervish lodge cuisine in the Ottoman lodge structuring has a central importance. The lodge cuisine helped Anatolia turn into a homeland. Travelers took shelter in the lodges in Anatolia. So, these buildings were a safe haven for those who travel. Lodge’s kitchens were always open. These kitchens offered a delightful “Sheikh Baba’s Soup” anytime and these kitchens gave peace and serenity to Anatolia. This article analyzes the Ottoman lodge food culture in the context of a manuscript which belongs to an imaret. This manuscript called Majmūʿa al-fawāʾid was written in between 1240-1250 (1825-1835) in Istanbul. This work belongs to the period of Sultan Mahmud II and the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation. Institution Employees and accounting records were disclosed in this manuscript in which the names of kitchenware are mentioned and recipes are found. This work gives detailed information about foods that are cooked in the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation’s imaret kitchen.

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Взаимопроникновение восточной и европейской культур: вклад Османа Хамди бея в сохранение османского и мирового культурного наследия

Author(s): Alim Maratovich Abidulin,Ramil Mirgasimovich Valeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article investigates the transformation of the world cultural heritage perception by traditional Eastern society. Shown is the role of Eastern intellectuals of a new formation, in particular that of Osman Hamdi Bey, in bringing Eastern and European cultures together.

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Polityka Imperium Otomańskiego wobec chrześcijan i Cerkwi prawosławnej na terenie byłego Bizancjum na przełomie XV i XVI wieku

Author(s): Marcin Mironowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2016

This article presents the Ottoman Empire’s presuppositions regarding its former Byzantine Empire residents. Special attention is given to the Orthodox Church’s situation, and patriarchal rights and privileges. It also depicts the career path of the subdued Greeks in the Ottoman state.

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Addenda from pre-Meninski transcription texts to Stanisław Stachowski’s “Osmanli Türkçesinde yeni farsça alintilar sözlüğü”. Part II

Author(s): Luciano Rocchi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Stanisław Stachowski wrote a series of articles devoted to studies on the New Persian loanwords in Ottoman-Turkish, which were published in Folia Orientalia in the 1970s and later republished in 1998 as a single volume. Since then, however, a good number of editions of new Ottoman texts have appeared, especially transcription texts dating from before Meninski’s Thesaurus (1680), which provide much new lexical material. Within this material there are many Persianisms – predictably enough where Ottoman-Turkish is concerned. This paper aims to supplement Stachowski’s work with words of Persian origin taken from pre-Meninski transcription texts. It is divided into two parts, the first including data to be added to entries already recorded by Stachowski (eight articles), the second containing data that constitute new entries (three articles). A short historical-etymological note on the words dealt with also features at the end of each entry.

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ERMENİ TEHCİRİ MESELESİ

Author(s): Abdullah Karahisarli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2009

XX. yüzyılın başlarında gerçekleşen Ermeni tehciri, günümüzde Türkiye’nin önüne değişik siyasî ortamlarda devamlı olarak çıkartılarak, siyasî bir istismar ve baskı mekanizmasına dönüştürülmüştür. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, Ermeni Diasporası ve Avrupa ülkelerinin tarihî gerçekleri bir yana bırakıp, sırf siyasî bakış açılarıyla meseleye yaklaşmaları bunun en bariz kanıtıdır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı’nın tehcir kararını almasına yol açan gelişmeler ve tehcirin uygulanışı, tarihî gerçeklerle irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

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“Protejaţii valahi” ai regelui Vladislav II Jagiello de la 1492

Author(s): Alexandru Simon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2010

The Ottoman Empire constantly revealed its reluctance towards including Walachia and Moldavia at the same time as lands under joint Ottoman-Hungarian suzerainty in the treaties concluded with the kingdom. It was only after 1503 that this inclusion truly became a diplomatic custom, but still with much resistance from the Ottoman side. In this respect, though it does not stand for a diplomatic watershed, the source from 1492 brought here into discussion allows us to place such questions into different perspectives. At the same time, maybe in the first place, the source directs our attention south of the Danube lines

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Mercenari otomani în oştile Ţărilor Române (secolele al XVI-lea – al XVIII-lea)

Author(s): Claudiu Neagoe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2006

One of the negative consequences of the reinforcement of the Ottoman domination over the Romanian Principalities was the presence, in Bucharest and Iaşi, starting from the first half of the XVIth century, of several Ottoman mercenary corps having the role to keep under control the Romanian population and to prevent a revolt against the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning, the payment of these mercenaries was taken from the annual debts paid to the Ottoman Empire. Starting with Michael the Brave, the local population had to pay the mercenaries from their own resources. The Ottoman mercenaries, named „beslii” or „delii”, were used against the nobility who revolted from time to time and especially against the Ottomans merchants who were committing abuses and didn’t comply with the laws settled by the Empire regarding the trade in the Romanian Principalities. The Phannar rulers made use of the mercenaries to the highest extent, especially after the abolition of the old Romanian military corps, during the rule of Constantine Mavrocordato.

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Vakif eserlerinin onariminda Osmanli dönemi ve günümüzde kullanilan onay süreçleri

Author(s): Ibrahim Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2017

In the Ottoman period, the main purpose of the repair of the damages that occurred in the foundation works was to continue the social services provided by the foundation institution without an interruption. Nowadays, foundations reflect the architectural layout, construction techniques, social and cultural life of ascertain period. In this context, repairs in foundations have been important in every period, and they have been carried out using disciplined processes. The most important one of these processes is the approval process before the repair. In the classical Ottoman period, it was required to get approval from Divan-ı Hümayun. The repair of foundation works in the classical period; was carried out by foundations in accordance with the conditions set in the charities. With the end of the classical period, the repair processes were centrally controlled by Evkaf Repair Directorate which was established in 1838 incorporated under Evkaf-ı Hümayun Nezareti, which was established in 1826.In this period, the decisions about the repair processes started to be made by this directorate. Meanwhile nowadays repair permits for restoration of the foundation works are provided by the Regional Boards of Protection of Cultural Heritage. In this study, the approval processes used in the repair of the foundation works and the procedures carried out in these processes have been investigated during the ottoman classical and late periods and nowadays.

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Nedim’in “Köşk Kasidesi”Nin Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî Tarafindan Şerhi

Author(s): Abdulmuttalip İpek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 88/2016

In addition to the verse and prose works composed in Classical Turkish Literature, the annotation studies on them are of equal significance. The occasional obscurity of these works of Ottoman civilization for readers, although it may seem to result from the heavily Arabic and Farsi dialect of classical Turkish poetry, in fact stems from the cultural background, imagination and metaphors, namely the fact that it cannot penetrate totally to the addressed literary circles. Therefore, it is clear that annotation books possess a vital role in reaching the aforementioned audience. This article presents researchers with literary historian, poet, writer, mathnawi-reciter, mystic, professor and a man with many more qualifications, Tahiru’l Mevlevi’s (1877-1951) annotations in old Arabic letters on Nedim’s “Manor Eulogy” converted into the current letters. The translated text is recorded as item 91 in Fethi Sezai Turkmen Collection at Sulaymaniyah Manuscript Library and was written in Tahiru’l Mevlevi’s own handwriting in rika calligraphy. Two pages of the original text in old letters are presented as samples at the end of this article.

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NOT A REAL TRANSLATION, BUT A ‘REMAKE’. NOTES ON THE ENGLISH VERSION OF INCREMENTORUM ET DECREMETORUM AULAE OTHMANNICAE … LIBRI TRES

Author(s): Monica Vasileanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The present paper is aimed at testing Virgil Cândea’s hypothesis concerning the fate of Dimitrie Cantemir’s most famous work, The History of the Othman Empire, first written in Latin and translated into English and hence into other vernaculars. A few years after he discovered the Latin original, Cândea stated that the English version was not a real translation, but “a sort of remake”, holding the translator responsible for a great deal of the “harsh criticism” received by the book. My tools for testing this hypothesis are drawn from relevance theory, formulated by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson and adjusted to translation studies by Ernst-August Gutt. In section 1 I summarize the problem investigated, presenting the history of the text and Cândea’s arguments. Section 2 is reserved to the definition of the main concepts used in the analysis. In section 3, Cândea’s hypothesis is rejected and the analysis of a few examples illustrates how the quest for relevance drives translation techniques.

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Eskiden Yeniyi Yaratmak: Türk Camii ve Konutlarındaki Geleneksel/Osmanlı ve Modern Mİmari Tasarımların Karşılaştırılması

Author(s): İlkyaz Ariz Turan / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2014

The developments in architecture make a statement not only in practicality but also in lifestyles needs for a particular period. There is also a direct association with the architecture with a link to lifestyle, culture, social order, and specific needs within the various areas. The current architecture in Turkey, like most parts of the world including Rome and Greece indicates the development of the landscape as well as the historical, religious, cultural, and home areas reflects understanding of architecture, evident in ottoman rule. Modern development is often one based on urban spaces while the traditional means created with religious formations that were a part of Turkey. The research will examine the different pieces of architecture associated with Turkey’s Ottoman era and contemporary classic-style influenced by European cubism and modernism and introducing westernization and secularization. Consequently, this paper intercepts the ottoman rule with contemporary architecture using literature on architecture from the perspective of historical affiliations and contemporary changes as a part of culture. The concept of architecture in contemporary times in Turkey then will look examine the contemporary artefacts. The paper also examines Ottoman architecture design elements present in modern day mosques. One such element is the dome that has continually characterized the structure of mosques and without which this Islamic symbol loses contact with the audience.

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CRNOGORSKI STUDENTI U CARIGRADU

Author(s): Ajdin Rakić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-66/2015

Osvajanjem ovdašnje crnogorske teritorije od strane moćnog Osmanskog carstva, odnosno ulaskom Crne Gore u sastav Osmanske države, na novoosvojenoj „turskoj“ teritoriji formiraju se obrazovne ustanove (vjerske i vojne škole) pod uticajem ranije osnovanih škola u Carstvu, pa je time i obrazovanje u crnogorskim krajevima u potpunosti bilo ravno onom u bilo kojem drugom kraju Osmanskog carstva. Studenti iz Crne Gore su u Carigrad išli u cilju sticanja visokog obrazovanja. Osnovno obrazovanje sticali su uglavnom u rodnim gradovima U nastavku, kratko ćemo se osvrnuti na lokalni sistem obrazovanja, odnosno na škole, i stepen obrazovanja koji su mogli dobiti učenici prije odlaska u Carigrad.

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DIPLOMATSKI ODNOSI CRNE GORE I TURSKE

Author(s): Hana Šarkinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-66/2015

Diplomatic relations between Montenegro and the Ottoman empire can be divided into the period from 1486 when Montenegro became a part of the Ottoman empire to 1878, and the period from 1878, when Montenegro was officialy recognized as the 27th sovereign state by the Congress of Berlin. During the first period diplomatic relations of the two states referred primarily to representing Montenegrin vassals in Istanbul and other Ottoman cities by means of Hrvat-pashas and heads. In the second period, from the establishment of independence of Montenegro by means of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, full diplomatic relations with the empire were established all until 1912, when they were interrupted due to the Balkan Wars.

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D’ebüzziya Tevfik: Mémoires Ou Récit Historique? Yeni Osmanlılar Tarihi (Histoire Des Jeunes Ottomans)

Author(s): Banu Öztürk / Language(s): French Issue: 74/2013

The work of Ebüzziya Tevfik titled “New Ottomans” describing the period of 11 years includes the members, purposes and activities of New Ottomans Community founded in 1865 as well as the social, political, cultural and literal incidents of stated period, the individuals involved in these incidents and memoirs of the author during his exile. In the chapters describing the historical background of New Ottomans, Ebüzziya Tevfik stands as narrator instead of involving in the story, since he failed to witness the foundation phase of New Ottomans Association, nor the lives on exile within Europe. The author builds up his story through what he heard, learned and read – as the text has clues regarding these cases. However, the most interesting issue is the author’s effort to add him to the incidents while telling about “him/her” or “them”. This, in one sense, refers to the examination of following case: Where does history start or end, besides, where does my life start and end? Briefly, shall my life and my history be separated? If so, how can I be able to maintain this? In here, the close relations of author with history and historians reveal. Both the authors of memoirs and historians shape their subjects by the past. However, the methods they applied during forming their works and their concerns on establishing their works are different. It is possible to present these differences by following the text of Ebüzziya Tevfik. By this way, we tried to answer the following question in this essay: Did Ebüzziya Tevfik write the history of New Ottomans and/or his personal background in respect of his witnesses, impressions and observations?

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BALKAN – CIVILIZACIJSKO NASLIJEĐE I PARADIGMA OSMANSKE KULTURE TOLERANTNOSTI

Author(s): Ferid Muhić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 57-58/2014

Navršilo se stotinu godina od povlačenja Osmanske države sa većeg dijela Balkanskog poluostrva, a oblak predrasuda, nacionalističkih mitova, i negativnih kulturnih stereotipa o stvarnim efektima i realnim posljedicama njenog postojanja na ovim prostorima, još se nije razišao! Ni cijelo stoljeće nije bilo dovoljno da se taj oblak falsifikata i insinuacija, kreiran sredinom 19-og vijeka, na temeljima ekspanzionističke politike novostvorenih balkanskih država i njihovih planova da po odlasku Osmanli Devleta, prisvoje što veći dio teritorija sebi, a perpetuiran i generiran od svih narednih političkih nomenklatura tih istih država, ukloni sa neba naučnih studija, i da se jasno sagleda istina!

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UTICAJ I ZNAČAJ OSMANSKOG GRADITELJSKOG NASLJEĐA I OSMANSKE KULTURE NA RAZVOJ TURIZMA U BALKANSKIM ZEMLJAMA

Author(s): Cevdet Avcıkurt / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 57-58/2014

Cilj ovog istaživanja je prepoznavanje vrijednosti viševjekovne osmanske kulture na Balkanu, i prije svega utvrđivanje nivoa značaja i uticaja na razvoj današnjeg turizma u balkanskim zemljama. Rad se sastoji iz pet poglavlja. U prvom dijelu, ukazano je na značaj turizma kao glavnog nosioca realizacije ideje održive upotrebne funkcije kulturnih dobara (ovo znači upotebu kulturnih dobara u svrhe turizma i u tom smislu profit tj. njihovu samoodrživost). U drugom poglavlju, izučavajući turizam Balkana ukazano je na njegov značaj. U trećem poglavlju, izučavajući vrijednosti značajnih osmanskih ostvarenja iz oblasti kulture na Balkanu prezentovane su značajne informacije. U četvrtom poglavlju, ukazano je na mnogobrojne prednosti kulturnih uticaja (na svim nivoima) ovog civilizacijskog kruga. U zadnjem poglavlju iznijeta su zaključna razmatranja: ukazano je na visok nivo i bogatstvo kulturnog nasljeđa, kao i potencijalne vrijednosti u cilju razvoja turizma (povećanja prihoda). U vezi sa tim date su preporuke usmjerene ka zaštiti, prezentaciji, unapređenju preostalih vrijednosti kulturnog nasljeđa u svrhe razvoja turizma.

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CRNOJEVIĆI I OTOMANSKO CARSTVO

Author(s): Božidar Šekularac / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 57-58/2014

Crnogorska dinastija Crnojevići stupa na političku i istorijsku scenu u Crnoj Gori, upravo u vrijeme kada su Turci već čvrsto zauzeli svoje pozicije osvajanjima na Balkanu. Zapravo, veliki dio Zetske države Balšića i nekoliko gradova u Zeti već je bio u turskim rukama, uključujući i njihovu dotadašnju prijestonicu Skadar. Imajući u vidu da je Mletačka Republika već posjedovala većinu gradova na Crnogorskom primorju i u okolini Skadra, onda nije teško shvatiti u kakvom su položaju bili Crnojevići u nastojanju da se izbore za svoju zemlju i državu. Ovo tim prije što su i srpski despoti voljom njihove odive Jelene i njeneg sina Balše III predstavljali važan faktor i bili prepreka na tom putu, pozivajući se na odluku posljednjih zetskih gospodara da im predaju Zetsku državu na upravu.

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