POLEN

Author(s): Imma Palme,Hans Ljung / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

Solidarity today – Success tomorrow In Poland, enormous mobilizations have been taking place since last summer. Free trade unions now have 8 to 10 million members in more than 50 major industrial locations. More and more population groups want independent organizations: peasants, students, civil servants -Solidarnosc for all! Students are organizing themselves The avalanche of the Polish mass movement has left no institution, no area of life in the old state. First the workers, then all sorts of layers and groups have tackled their organization. The universities are no exception. In addition to many professors and university employees who have joined Solidarnosc, the students have created their own independent representation within a very short time. Nationwide, 22 percent of the students are members of the new organization Niezaleznego Zrzeszenia Studentow (NZS) Polish Feminists When I heard about the existence of a feminist group in Warsaw, I was very curious: would the concept of a "Christianization of feminism" also play an important role in Poland, as in the case of the Leningrad women? [See »gegenstimmen« 1/1980]. The conversation was a very positive experience.

BULGARIEN — das Taiwan Osteuropas

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

This article is taken from the journal »Istok«, a »libertarian journal for the states of the East«. »Istok« was created by the anarcho-syndicalist Leningrad group. The first number appeared in Russian and Bulgarian. The second edition from which this article originated was already printed in France by the Union des Anarchistes Bulgares, the third by the same organization-but in Bulgaria. The next number is in preparation. It is to be printed in Gdansk, by a group within Solidarnosc, which sees itself as revolutionary and independent of the Catholic Church. Planned release date is the turn of the year 1980/1981.

SOWJETUNION: Unruhen in Estland & Offener Brief aus dem Gefängnis, von Valery Abramkin

Author(s): Valery Abramkin,Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

In the Estonian capital of Tallinn, in the first days of October, it came to major protest demonstrations in which primarily pupils and students took part (see »gegenstimmen» issue 2). Up to 5,000 people participated in the manifestations.

JUGOSLAWIEN: Selbstverwaltete Repression

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

Since Tito's death, international attention has lost track of Yugoslavia while the country is in one of its worst economic crises. The serious problems that Yugoslavia's economy is currently struggling with can be characterized by the following keywords: inflation, declining living standards, shortages of supply, growing foreign debt, weak exports, shortage of foreign exchange, shortage of raw materials and megalomania in the investment field.

UNGARN: Interview mit Zoltan Zsille und Anna Balajthy & Essay von Miklos Haraszti

Author(s): Miklós Haraszti / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

»Everything about Hungary is a Lie« (Interview with Zoltan Zsille and Anna Balajthy) Zoltan Zsille and Anna Balajthy, “politically unemployed” sociologists in the "country of acute labor shortages" Hungary, are among the co-signatories of the Budapest Solidari-ty Letter to Charter 77 and founding members of Szeta. On the occasion of their stay in Vienna the "gegenstimmen" had the opportunity to talk to them. Hungary fears the intoxication by the Polish spirit (by Miklos Haraszti)

RUMÄNIEN: Ceauşescu und die Polenkrise

Author(s): Dionisie Ghermani / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

After some hesitation, the Romanian party leadership has also condemned the emancipation development in Poland. In a speech, Ceausescu called for the Warsaw Movement to take radical measures on its own initiative, so that the problems would not be solved by foreign interference. In Romania itself, in order to open valves of dissatisfaction among the population, four laws have been enacted: to review the acquis of the hierarchy of functionaries, to reinforce "socialist democracy" through greater territorial responsibilities and "citizens' assemblies", combating housing misery through coercive measures Ownership of weekend homes will be banned.

TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI: Offener Brief der Charta 77

Author(s): Marie Hromadková,Miloš Rejchert / Language(s): German Issue: 03/1981

POLEN: Burgfrieden ist unrealistisch

Author(s): Georg Hoffmann-Ostenhof / Language(s): German Issue: 05/1981

On the international context of the Solidarność conress in Gdansk.

Das Ende der Nomenklatur? Ein Gespräch mit Henryk Szlajfer

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 05/1981

Henryk Szlajfer is a Solidarność expert in the FSO plant in Warsaw - production plant of Fiat-Polski - which employs more than 20,000 people. He is also an active member of the Working Group on a Supraregional Initiative for the Cooperation of Workers' Councils, the so-called 'Lublin Group'. At the end of August, an member of the »gegenstimmen« team conducted a conversation with Henryk Szlajfer about self-administration and economic reform.

TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI: Schandurteile und Schauprozesse

Author(s): Petr Uhl / Language(s): German Issue: 05/1981

In Czechoslovakia, repression and harassment on the part of the police and state apparatus against dissidents increasingly intensifies. After the monster trials in October 1979 against six members of the VONS in April 1981 more active oppositionists were imprisoned or released on trial. In Olomouc, six Catholics were brought to trial. Rudolf Battek, seriously ill and constantly under pressure for years, was sentenced to seven and a half years in the summer. Continuous surveillance of dissidents, regular arrests of up to 48 hours, control of visitors and the post office have only one purpose: to create a climate of fear so as to prevent any activity critical of the regime. Below is a report on the new wave of lawsuits in Czechoslovakia, an article by Jaroslav Suk on the situation of Petr Uhl and comments on the judgments against Battek and the Catholics.

POLEN: Aus ZOMOzas Land

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

Extracts from Solidarność' Underground Press ZOMO = Polish police force ZOMO = Jaruzelski Somoza = Nicaraguas former dictator

POLEN: 6 Thesen zu Polen

Author(s): Winfried Wolf / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

What was the novelty of the "Polish summer"? Which "orthodoxies" were questioned - which confirmed? What is special about the counterrevolution of December 13, 1981? In which international and national context does the Solidarność resistance struggle take place? The following six theses try to give an answer.

POLEN: Der Generalstreik kam zu spät

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

Interview with Miecyslaw Tarnowkski

POLEN: Solidarität muss leben & Gruß-Adresse von Bundeskanzler Bruno Kreisky an die Polen-Veranstaltung des Sozialistischen Osteuropakomitees: Solidarität muß leben

Author(s): Author Not Specified,Bruno Kreisky / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

on the appeal, published in Brussels by representatives of Solidarnność, for a world-wide Day of Solidarity on Jan. 30

Aus der Traum ? (Gespräch mit Wolf Biermann)

Author(s): Wolf Biermann / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

Conversation with Wolf Biermann AND a report concerning the expatriation of Slawomir Czarlewski from Poland on December 13, 1981

TSCHECHOSLOWAKEI: Die radikale Linke in der Tschechoslowakei

Author(s): Jaroslav Suk / Language(s): German Issue: 07/1982

There are always misunderstandings between Eastern dissidence and the Western Left: the language and symbolism of the oppositionists are too different there and here. In the first part of his essay, Suk analyzes the conditions under which a radical leftist emerged in Czechoslovakia.

POLEN: Ihre einzige Chance ist, nichts zu ändern

Author(s): Mirosław Chojecki / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1982

Despite all assurances by Polish officials, martial law in Poland was a long-term planned action: the arrest lists for those to be interned after the coup had been completed long before the winter. When Radio Warsaw announced the long list of internees on 15 December, people who were not in Poland at all appeared as well, among them Mirosław Chojecki was one of the internees on 15 December 1981 for Polish radio. He himself learned about it in New York. «gegenstimmen» spoke to him during a short stay in Vienna at the beginning of June.

POLEN: Ihr habt eine historische Chance! Offener Brief an Zbigniew Bujak, Viktor Kulerski und andere Führer des Widerstandes

Author(s): Jacek Kuroń / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1982

»As can be seen in the polemic between Zbigniew Bujak and Viktor Kulerski on the one hand and me on the other, published in Tygodnik Mazowsze nr. 8, there are important differences in the assessment of the situation and the choice of methods of action. That's not bad. But we have to understand our respective arguments well, because this is the very basis for a discussion that is not useless.« (Jacek Kuron)

POLEN: Ich habe keine Furcht

Author(s): Władysław Frasyniuk / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1982

The region of Lower Silesia, with its capital Wrocław, was already one of the most radi-cal within the independent trade union movement before December 13, together with the textile town of Łódz. Its leader, Władysław Frasyniuk, lives in the underground since the imposition of martial law. On May 12, 1982, the Warsaw Underground maga-zine Solidarność "Tygodnik Mazowsze" published the following interview with him.

Moskau und Solidarność / Ungarn und Solidarność

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 08/1982

If the events of 1956 in Hungary in the neighboring countries of the socialist camp - apart from the interaction with Poland - remained without any echo, and if the suppression of the "Prague Spring" with the protest movement of student groups in Poland, the Moscow demonstration of 21 August in 1968, and in response to the inner-party protests of some sociologists in Hungary – if all these events caused only weak reaction, the sixteen-month existence of a Polish labor movement could no longer pass without trace on the other Eastern European countries, chiefly because the opposition had succeeded in some countries and intensified to organize. Even if the ruling regimes managed to transform Poland's catastrophic economic situation into a propaganda - certainly not superfluous on the surface - against the organization of 10 million working Poles, or to build on the fear and resignation of its own people after the military coup Nevertheless, regime critics from several countries have spoken up and clearly taken sides.