We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Ovaj prilog je dio šireg teksta koji je bio autorov diplomski rad pod nazivom “Geografski osnovi opštine Gračanica”, odbranjen na Odseku sa geografiju i prostorno planiranje Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu 1985. godine. Tekst je pretežno nastao kao plod autorovog samostalnog istraživanja geografskih karakteristika općine Gračanica, sprovedenih tokom 1984/1985. godine, kao i tadašnje vrlo oskudne literature. Prilog odražava tadašnje stanje fizičko-geografske istraženosti opštine Gračanica u granicama prije zadnjeg rata. U radu autor analizira geološki sastav, te morfogenezu i tektoniku gračaničkog kraja, daje pregled genetskih tipova i krupnijih oblika reljefa, te osvrt na savremene geomorfološke procese, a potom donosi prikaz klimatskih i hidrografskih odlika, kao i podatke o tlu, te biljnom i životinjskom svijetu.
More...
Pregled najvažnijih događaja na području općine Gračanica u razdoblju od 31. 5. 2012. do 27. 11. 2012. g.
More...
The article addresses the problem of the Polish emigrants who left the country after its accession to the EU and nowadays return to Poland. The author begins with the introduction of definitions and statistical data of the phonomemon, including its volume, dynamics and directions. Next, the implications of these returns for the domestic labour market, social policy and other policies are discussed. Special attention is given to the role of government and the dilemmas related to political reaction to the returns: the concept of reactive and active policy is presented, as the first aims at minimising the negative effects of returns on economy, while the second focuses on stimulating the return migration.
More...
The 1860 building regulations on the territory of former fortifications prohibited the erection of new industrial buildings inside the belt of boulevards. However, as an essential element in urban development, Riga’s first gas factory complex (1859–1862, Adolf Kühnell, Paul Stephany) was allocated a plot of land along the city canal. It was surrounded by other important public buildings, which were built inside the ring of boulevards that surrounded the old town. This also clearly demonstrates the main priorities of the era and complies with the ‘Zeitgeist’. Nevertheless, the location limited the further expansion of gasworks and such buildings were later moved out of the city centre to foster the development of this branch of industry. Firstly, they appeared on the left bank of the Daugava River, like the gas station in Mūkusala (1872–1873, Karl Felsko), and then the second gasworks was established in the Moscow Suburb (1873–1875, Emil Kurgas), expanding over several decades. From the 1860s till World War I, six gasholders in all were constructed in Riga. The gasholder was the largest structure of a gasworks – the first industrial building created as a result of laboratory experiments. Both of Riga’s gasworks had telescopic holders. A tendency to build so-called gasholder houses or architectonic shells as independent superstructures enveloping the gasholder from the outside, spread in the early 19th century Europe on the assumption they lessened security risks. This turned out to be wrong and no such superstructures emerged in Great Britain from that time on. However, this practice continued elsewhere in Europe where climatic conditions were more severe. Since the gas factory buildings in the first place were of a utilitarian nature, the aesthetic aspects of their architectural design may have played a less important role. Nevertheless, it was also the context of the urban surroundings, which had to be taken into account when developing the project, since utilitarian buildings had to be integrated into the urban landscape with great caution to preserve, for example, picturesque surroundings. In order to keep construction costs low and avoid complaints by local residents, it was not advisable to erect the gas factory buildings in the most luxurious areas of the city centre; suburbs were to be preferred. Nevertheless, Riga’s first gas factory building not only stood in the very centre, between the old town and the boulevard zone, but also manifested a sophisticated architectural solution in harmony with the location. According to the current trends of the age, the façades of buildings were accomplished in the Tudor version of Neo-Gothic style topical in Riga at the time. Such a choice was possibly inspired by the client’s ideas of social prestige as well as the context of the surroundings: in the late 1850s – early 1860s, the city canal greenery was envisaged in line with the landscaped park according to English traditions.
More...
The article is devoted to the analysis of stylistic trends of neo-Islamic style as they manifest themselves in Latvian architecture and interior design of the time period. The architecture in Latvia during the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century is characterized by rich and versatile heritage which has been dealt with from different angles in earlier publications; however, particular aspects of this heritage are still undervalued due to different reasons. One of the trends characteristic of the mentioned time period, for example, was the growing international influence of oriental cultures which has thus far not been investigated in Latvian contexts. The article pays attention to the neo-Islamic style heritage in Latvia and attempts to substantiate particular features of this style of architecture. The research offers a functional and stylistic analysis of the chosen objects which are subdivided into different groups according to their particular types and characteristic architectural elements. The introductory part of the article offers an analysis of those factors which determined the rise of neo-Islamic style architecture in the 19th century and thus might be considered as its sources. Among the most characteristic trends, the so-called orientalism which manifested itself in the scientific interest as well as popular study of and fascination about the art of the Orient is discussed. The Great Exhibitions started in 1851 in London offered a possibility to get acquainted with Islamic and neo-Islamic architecture in Ottoman section, Egyptian section, Algerian pavilion, Tunisian pavilion etc. The following part pays attention to the interest of Latvian travelers and scholars who visited countries with Islamic style architecture and left testimonies in the Latvian press about their experience and impressions there, thus showing that the fascination about oriental heritage was present also in Latvia. The main body of the article discusses different types of buildings – public and private houses, manors and examples of ephemeral architecture – which contain stylistic elements of neo-Islamic style. The buildings are classified into several groups according to different aspects of the presence of neo-Islamic style features.
More...
Johann Wilhelm Krause's drawings and Johann Christoph Brotze's collection can be seen as storehouses of Baltic pictorial memory, which has been abundantly reproduced in 19th century Baltic German visualia, as well as in the national cultures of Latvia and Estonia - albeit from new and modified positions.What features of the Estonian and Livonian landscapes were chosen to be depicted, or what was considered to be worth depicting and therefore remembering was in turn determined by the broader conventions of the written and pictorial culture, accessible to the local intellectuals and art-amateurs thanks to the reading and pictorial revolution of the 18th century. Indirectly it can be said that, with his collection 'Sammlung ...' , Brotze did the same thing that the Enlightenment-era picturesque painters (artists of the pittoresque voyage genre), who mapped the peripheral areas of Europe of faraway civilisations, and who, with their classical pictorial compositions, proivided the Europeans with a discernible face. The drawings of Brotze, as well as those of his co-authors Krause and Grass, depicted Livonia and Estonia through the eyes of enlightened Europeans. They placed value on the picturesque castle ruins, introduced the coats of arms and family trees of the local German nobility; they presented the history and buildings of the Lutheran Church, the architecture of the cities and nature of the landscape, and the ethnic and social composition of the population.
More...