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In this paper, we analyze the means of reporting speech used in written Romanian press in 1918, when Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were reunited with the Romanian Kingdom, in The Great Union event, with special attention to the group of verbs or phrases designating the speech (verba dicendi), oral or thought. We are interested in what kind of verbs were selected for reporting direct or indirect speech, the position of the verbs towards the reported speech, and the effect towards the reader.
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Thorough study of fixed structures with proper names from a semantic perspective could help us understand the way people relate to different situations in their lives and how they influence, by language, the other participants of communication. They have at their disposal / have access to several styles of speech (standard, literary, colloquial, traditional etc.). In certain contexts, speakers could add a touch of euphemism, since phraseological units – including those that denote unpleasant aspects of human existence – as complex linguistic units, have penetrated into all areas of activity, reflecting certain attitudes. Taboo represents the main source of euphemistic expression.
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In this article we present some initiatives, belonging to both institutions and some personalities in the field, which led to the foundation, in Bukovina, of an “exceptional tradition” of collecting and publishing folklore (which began in the middle of the 19th century) and subsequently, its cultivation. Thus, we will refer to the moment when the first questionnaires were distributed in Bukovina, the context in which they circulated, the impact that these methodological tools had on the circle of Bukovinian intellectuals, targeted as possible collaborators/respondents, the motivations of those who answered them, the final results of the use of this method in the ethnofolkloric space of Bukovina and their contribution to the development of Romanian folklore, at a certain moment of its evolution. I. G. Sbiera, S. Fl. Marian, Dimitrie Dan, Constantin Morariu, Matthias Friedwagner, Alexandru Voevidca are some of the people to whom the folklore in Bukovina owes its existance and its achievement level, which is quite remarcable.
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Language, a link between people and a key element, has circulated worldwide, using both oral and written forms. In his treaty, Politics, Aristotle develops the idea that man is distinguishable among primates due to his capacity to use language, logos – meaning the word – being a vital element of daily human interaction.The Romanian language, generous in forms and meanings, is a national language, being accepted as the official language of Romania. Used by our people with well-established roots since Independence, the language is also used in the Republic of Moldova and Serbia. Thus, Romanian is one of the languages that have crossed the borders of their country being spoken by other people, too. World War I brings– along with the unexpected attacks – particular changes in the structure of the Romanian language. From a positive perspective, the evolution has become visible, and this fact represents the success of the Romanian people to overcome their limits and to move into a new stage.
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Dating, a chronological hierarchy of the words in written language, proves useful for establishing the features of the vocabulary in various steps of evolution of a language. For the Romanian linguists, dating represents a major problem, as there are very few Romanian dictionaries that offer information related to the first written attestation of a word. This article presents some examples of lines of study provided by the analysis of a text from the point of view of dating.
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The author investigates the semantics of colour in the selected Zinaida Gippius's poems from the intercultural and spiritual (psychological) perspectives. He draws attention to the issue of semantic bipolarity of symbol. He reconsiders this aspect in the context of Zinaida Gippius's many poetic conceptualizations, including interactive metaphor and synaesthesia. What needs attention is the analysis of the "black" colour referred to Lilith—Adam's first wife, and the symbol of sexual liberation. Gippius's colour depends on the transaction between interculturally captured contexts. In this sense, the author notices Gippius's interest in the Hebrew, Egyptian, Chinese, European (e.g. Christian—"Byzantine") contexts. The author's conclusions are referred to the works by Charles Baudelaire (The Albatross), Nikolay Gumilyov (The Knight with a Chain) and Vincent van Gogh (The Sower). Interculturalism, as such, definitely differentiates Gippius from Andrei Bely, in whose works colour is subordinated to the light of non-setting sun as a symbol of divine might and power.
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This study analyses the diary notes of Russian studenst as the source of the language projection of the reverse cultural shock. It notes typical and significant lexemes, stylistic and grammatical structures that reflect individual phases of cultural shock as a mental process. He also observes the texts from an intercultural and imagological point of view, summarizes the Czech and Russian auto and heteroimages. Based on the linguistic analysis the author arrives at the conclusion that experiencing of cultural shock, perception of foreign and own culture is highly interpersonal phenomenon.
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The article reviews the literary ideas of professor A. A. Korablev, a prominent representative of the Donetsk Philological School. Most attention is paid to his concept of philology as an integral worldview, as well as to the ontological interpretation of the phenomenon of literary art, its value in the reader's perspective. An important role in the philological concept of A. Korablev is played by the idea of a holistic worldview of the philologist, which is a prerequisite for reading and is implemented in the literary interpretation of a literary work. In such a perspective of understanding, literary criticism is not reducible to the narrowly professional sphere, to special knowledge, and the research appeal to the work is included in the "single event of being-life" (M. Bakhtin). According to the philologist, there are three components of a holistic worldview: a religious-mystical principle, aesthetic contemplation, and scientific thinking.
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The present study examines the ways in which the political opinions and social views of the Russian playwright Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin were interpreted by Czech society. While it is not a theatrological study, it nevertheless focuses primarily on the Czech theatre scene, since that is where Fonvizin’s name reappeared several times in the last century. Two time periods are of particular interest. The first is the time between the two world wars when Fonvizin’s comedies were first introduced to Czech theatregoers. The second period falls between 1948 when more of Fonvizin’s plays were translated into Czech after the end of WWII and staged in Czech theatres and the fall of the communist regime in 1989. The backbone of the study is formed by theatre programmes, archived documents and periodicals of the time, which can shed light on the historical interpretation of Fonvizin’s political views.
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Review of the book: PAUČOVÁ, L., ŠAUR, J. (eds): Mladá slavistika III – Slavistika mezi generacemi. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2018. ISBN 978-80-2109095-8.
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Review of the book: KURFÜRST, J.: Příběh ruské geopolitiky: jak se ruská myšlenka zmocnila více než šestiny světa. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum, 2018. ISBN 978-80-246-4026-6.
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Following an overview of both the history of translator and interpreter training in Leipzig and of the Leipzig School of translation, this article first discusses the gaps and deficiencies in the reception of the Leipzig School of translation before showing that this criticism was often unjustified and due to a lack of knowledge of the texts produced by the School in question. In the following, two aspects are examined in more detail: the question of the understanding of Sprachmittlung ‘linguistic mediation’ and Translation ‘translation and interpreting’, i.e. a terminological and conceptual view that reveals the apparently inadequate understanding of key texts of the Leipzig School by many of the authors who criticised it; finally, an exemplary examination of one of the key texts (Jäger 1975) allows for its innovative capacity to be brought to light.
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Translator training has been increasingly relying on simulations of real-life professional practice. One way of bringing learning closer to authentic professional experience is by introducing project-based instruction. The aim of this paper is to present a project conducted in an optional literary translation seminar at the Institute of Translation Studies (Charles University, Faculty of Arts) in the summer semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. Providing students with an opportunity to engage in an authentic translation assignment, the project was a collaborative translation of Bertha von Suttner’s Die Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms) from German into Czech under the supervision of two Czech university teachers. During the opening session, a work schedule was drawn up, covering all the stages of translation and editing. Later, groups of students worked on individual chapters, consulting across the teams and with the teachers, both in person and through online shared documents, which is also where the editing took place. The students worked independently on authentic tasks in a real-life context, with the teachers acting as facilitators. The principles of cooperative learning were applied to the project as sharing, collaborating and mutual support were part of all the stages of the translation. The participants were administered a questionnaire to explore the learners’ attitudes and feelings regarding project-based learning in translator training with a view to identifying the possibilities and limits of this type of learning experience compared with conventional forms of instruction. The latter part of the presentation will comment on the most interesting student responses.
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The paper discusses the role of directionality in translations from Czech to German language. Its main purpose is to detect differences in the translation process between native and non-native translations, with a special focus on the translation strategies chosen. The empiric part consists of an investigation of a sample from students‘ translations, produced during practical lessons on translation of non-literary texts into German at Charles University. Some of the examples discussed in the paper show differences between native and non-native translations on three different linguistic levels: lexical, syntactic and pragmatic. While the lexical and syntactic level show a tendency towards inhibitation of L1 structures, the pragmatic level is more likely to transfer source language norms into the target text.
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The study focuses on the drama Faust by J. W. Goethe and its translation specifics and demands. It traces the history of translating Faust into Czech and comments on the author's own translation approach.
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Following renowned literary critic Kurt Krolop’s two publications in 1960 and 1963, this analysis investigates the dissemination and variations of the topos “Helping Thundering in Heaven”. Concurrently, attention is given to the “Wanderanekdote,” that publicized the topos throughout German literary as well as cultural history from the 18th century to the present. A common element in most of them – and that is true for a prominent number of variations researched for the first time – is the change of a perspective of hope for a better beyond from “below” by disillusionment and the attention on the misery of our everyday life. The historicizing and systematizing investigation reconstructs the environment, in which highlights of representations of the topos emerge, such as Konrad Pfeffel’s poem “Jost” (1789) and Georg Büchner’s “Woyzeck”-fragments (1836).
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Speech within the conference
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Examples of translations
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The post-colonial book industry offers a wide range of regional and international brands. In comparing examples of brands in the field of publishing, this article aims at highlighting the rivalries and synergies of the book industries of African countries. Special emphasis is placed on the contribution of regional and international brands to national identity building, mainly international brands such as the Caine Prize or the African Books Collective (ABC), and the African Writers Series (AWS). The tension between the economic and symbolic value of these brands are explored as well as the advantages and draw backs of international collaborations.
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