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Аптечното дело в България през втората половина на XIX век в документалното наследство на унгарския аптекар Георги Силаги

Author(s): Penka Peykova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Information on the 19th century history of pharmacy in Bulgaria is too scarce. Present publication includes documents for the development of pharmacy in Bulgaria from the documentary heritage of the Hungarian chemist Gyorgy Szilagyi, kept in the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Gyorgy Szilagyi's pharmacy existed for a period of eighty years, during which rich archival material accumulated. It is unique as a historical source for the development of pharmacy in Bulgaria, because it highlights the many-sided aspects of a foregn pharmacist's professional activities. Part of Gt. Szilagyi's archival fond are letters from his friends, acquaintances and colleagues that contain information on the fate of Hungarian and foreign pharmacists; they also reveal interesting facts about the relationship between Gy. Szilagui and his colleagues (local doctors and pharmacists) and clients as well. Another part of the fond is the documentation to the half-century-old activity of his pharmacy.

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Kryzysowe public relations

Author(s): Waldemar Rydzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Autor naświetla zagadnienia public relations w sytuacji kryzysowej. Przedstawia znaczenie reputacji dla przedsiębiorstwa, charakterystykę współczesnych sytuacji kryzysowych, a także planowanie i strategie działań informacyjnych w sytuacji kryzysowej.

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Media społecznościowe

Author(s): Joanna Janowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Autorka przedstawia korzyści, jakie może przynieść specjaliście do spraw public relations uwzględnienie w działaniach komunikacyjnych potencjału social media. W tym celu w pierwszej kolejności opisuje istotę mediów społecznościowych i ich cechy, by następnie omówić ich rodzaje oraz podstawowe instrumentarium, uwzględniając specyfikę m.in. Facebooka, LinkedIn, YouTube, Twittera, Instagrama, Wikipedii czy platformy blogowej Wordpress. Na tej podstawie autorka analizuje możliwe strategie działań z zakresu public relations realizowane za pomocą mediów społecznościowych oraz wyzwania dla public relations wiążące się z komunikowaniem w mediach nowych technologii.

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Internetowe public relations

Author(s): Waldemar Rydzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Autor naświetla zagadnienie, jaki wpływ na public relations mają cyfryzacja mediów i rozpowszechnienie komunikacji internetowej (w tym przez media społecznościowe).

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Międzynarodowe public relations - casus Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Filip Kaczmarek,Marcin Leszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Międzynarodowe public relations należy traktować jako dziedzinę powstałą w konsekwencji zmian i wciąż pogłębiających się procesów zachodzących na arenie międzynarodowej. Globalizacja, mediatyzacja i demokratyzacja doprowadziły do powstania nowych aktorów w środowisku międzynarodowym, a także redefinicji roli państw od ośrodków administracyjnych do podmiotów konkurujących ze sobą w zglobalizowanej gospodarce. Umiędzynarodowienie życia gospodarczego wymaga dostosowania się do nowych warunków poprzez wdrażanie pewnych rozwiązań od strony praktycznej oraz pojęć w wymiarze teoretycznym, który ową praktykę stara się opisywać i wyjaśniać. W sytuacji coraz większej roli mediów funkcjonujących w skali międzynarodowej, pogłębiającej się demokratyzacji i globalnej konkurencji umiędzynarodowienie public relations zdaje się nieodzowne. Państwa i nowi aktorzy, do których zalicza się między innymi korporacje czy też organizacje międzyrządowe, konfrontując się z wyzwaniami, jakie stawia przed nimi współczesne życie gospodarcze, muszą podejmować się działań z zakresu międzynarodowych public relations, aby zyskać atrakcyjność i konkurencyjność w środowisku międzynarodowym. Dziedzina ta wykracza poza tradycyjne ujęcie public relations, ponieważ należy w niej uwzględnić różnice językowe, kulturowe i geograficzne. Istotne wydaje się także to, że ta dziedzina odgrywa niezwykle ważną rolę w perspektywie państw i organizacji międzyrządowych. Działania z zakresu międzynarodowych public relations tworzą dodatkową, pozornie nieuchwytną, wartość w postaci reputacji, miękkiej siły i marki kraju, co przekłada się na zaufanie, a w konsekwencji pozwala na wprowadzanie pozytywnych zmian, promowanie wartości, poprawę efektów ekonomicznych i budowanie pozycji podmiotu w środowisku międzynarodowym.

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Public relations versus marketing - casus zarządzania relacjami z klientami

Author(s): Bartosz Deszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rozdział zawiera porównanie marketingu klasycznego, public relations oraz marketingu relacji pod względem realizowanych celów i stosowanych narzędzi. Wskazuje na synergiczne powiązania marketingu relacji oraz public relations w szczególności z zakresie budowania emocjonalnego zaangażowania klientów z wykorzystaniem mediów społecznościowych. Zależności te zilustrowano szeregiem przykładów działań marketingowych mających na celu zarówno budowanie rozgłosu, jak i nawiązywanie dialogu z odbiorcami. Zdefiniowano korzyści płynące z zastosowania narzędzi komunikacji poprzez media społecznościowe w kontekście zarządzania relacjami z klientami (CRM) w postaci: możliwości prowadzenia dialogu z szerokimi grupami klientów, wzbogacania każdej relacji 1:1, możliwości prowadzenia indywidualnych relacji z klientami trudno „namierzalnymi”, a także integracji z procesem handlowym.

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Badanie opinii mieszkańców Poznania dotyczących rozwoju funkcji turystycznej

Author(s): Agnieszka Niezgoda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Procesy konkurencji w układach regionalnych i lokalnych zmuszają do poszukiwania rozwiązań wynikających z przyjęcia zasad i reguł zapewniających większe powodzenie w osiąganiu celów rozwojowych jednostek przestrzennych. Jednym z najważniejszych celów w takim ujęciu jest dobrobyt społeczności zamieszkującej miasto. Kategorią uwzględniającą stopień satysfakcji pewnej grupy obywateli (np. mieszkańców gminy, miasta czy regionu) z całokształtu egzystencji jest jakość życia. Jej poziom zależy m.in. od działalności gospodarczej miasta i związanych z nią efektów ekonomicznych. Jedną z funkcji gospodarczych miasta może być turystyka. Jednak zależności pomiędzy procesem podnoszenia jakości życia a rozwojem turystyki mają charakter bardziej złożony. Przyczynia się do tego złożoność produktu turystycznego danego obszaru oraz rola mieszkańców w jego kształtowaniu.

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Foreign market entry and growth in emerging markets: The case of Guinness in Nigeria

Author(s): Barbara Jankowska,Małgorzata Bartosik‑Purgat,Peter Victor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Conceptual remarks. 1.1. Internationalisation—what is it? 1.2. External determinants of firm’s internationalization (social / cultural environment, legal environment, economic environment, political environment, technological environment). 1.3. Modes of foreign market entry. 1.4. The Uppsala model of internationalization. 2. The Guinness brand: Historical evolution and entry strategy into Nigeria. 3. Guinness Nigeria: Market share, portfolio and brand values. 4. Guinness Nigeria: Survival in Nigeria based on the chosen mode of entry and business sustainability strategy. 4.1. Foreign market entry mode and business survival of Guinness Nigeria. 4.2. Guinness Nigeria business sustainability strategy: A critical element for survival within the Nigerian business environment (product innovation and diversification strategy, leadership in alcohol in society, building striving communities, reducing our environmental impact). 4.3. Challenges to Guinness Nigeria’s continued survival in Nigeria.

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Nearshoring in software engineering from Central Europe: Case study on the challenges of rapid growth

Author(s): Leszek Tasiemski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This case study is about nearshoring from Scandinavia to Poland and challenges in managing the rapid growth. One of the pioneering companies in this field is described.

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Динамичните промени в световно стопанство – мястото на България и пътят напред

Author(s): Eduard Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims at summarizing the main trends and based on that to draw recommendations on the opportunities for the future development of Bulgarian international trade. It fi rstly discusses some of the main transformations and trends in the current global system of international economic relations which affect Bulgarian international trade. Then it summarizes the general trends in the dynamics of the country’s trade fl ows, assesses the economy’s openness and dependence on international trade and discusses the changes in the commodity structure of trade. To conclude the analysis an index of the terms of trade is calculated and Bulgaria’s results are compared to the results for EU-28. The paper ends with a summary of the main conclusions and recommendations.

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Ocena procesu wycofania telefonu Samsung Galaxy Note 7 wobec braku ubezpieczenia kosztów wycofania produktu

Author(s): Antoni Szulc,Piotr Manikowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In August 2016, the world spread the news that Samsung is struggling with the problem of exploding Samsung Galaxy Note 7 phones. As it turned out, the consumer electronics giant did not have or did not take advantage of the recall insurance, which resulted in significant financial and image losses. The recall of the product in this case also involved a disruption of the supply chain, the need to carry out an investigation and thorough product testing, and the disposal of hazardous devices. Each of the aforementioned activities could have been financed from the Product Recall Insurance. The purpose of this article is to evaluate Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 recall process and provide an alternative scenario in which the manufacturer would use recall insurance. First, we will present the course of events and describe the reaction of the producer and his environment. Then we will determine the consequences that arose as a result of the defective devices, and finally we will present the benefits that would be provided to the South Korean manufacturer by appropriate safety equipment.

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Bankowość społecznie odpowiedzialna – koncepcja, zasady i model działania

Author(s): Paweł Mikołajczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The financial crisis following the collapse of Lehman Brothers has made market participants aware of the need for profound changes in the security of financial markets. Researchers have also paid more attention to social banking, which aims at sustainable development, mitigating negative climate phenomena, developing social innovation, reducing social exclusion, eliminating hunger and poverty. The purpose of the study is to identify the assumptions and operating model of social banks. Socially responsible banks use finance to achieve a beneficial social effect. Unlike conventional banks, they embed the above goals in their culture and strategy of long-term, self-sustaining, transparent, inclusive, resilient to external disruptions operations based on long-term relationships with customers. Community banks provide money to customers who are active in the real economy and can provide triple positive benefits to society - social, environmental and economic (triple bottom line).

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Polska bankowość spółdzielcza podczas pandemii COVID-19 – zagrożenia i wyzwania

Author(s): Michał Jurek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is the analysis of framework for cooperative banks in Poland since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the situation of cooperative banks as well as preventive measures undertaken by them. This paper focuses on the short and long run risk factors in post-pandemic economy. Therefore, it identifies key risk factors and challenges faced by cooperative banks and pathways to development of cooperative banking sector in Poland.

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Potrzeby informacyjne interesariuszy w świetle odmiennych podejść teorii interesariuszy

Author(s): Andrzej Niemiec,Wanda Skoczylas / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The profit paradigm in business declining, replaced by hybrid organizations pursuing profits alongside social and environmental goals. Stakeholders’ involvement and dialogue are vital for the company’s success in this transformation. The objective is to examine the evolving needs of stakeholders in terms of information and their communication expectations in light of two alternative approaches in stakeholder theory: managerial and normative (Gray et al., 1996). The research method employed is a systematic literature review. The dialogic approach in stakeholder management involves engaging stakeholders in the process of defining priority issues and providing relevant information, collaboration, and accommodating changing expectations. The monologic approach is based on providing one-sided scientific knowledge by technical experts, limiting debate and rejecting alternative perspectives. The growing significance of stakeholders generates escalating principal-agent conflict between stakeholders and managers, as well as other capital providers.

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Relacje między kulturą a ekonomią – kulturyzacja ekonomii i ekonomizacja kultury w kontekście determinizmu technologicznego

Author(s): Magdalena Sobocińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the study is to show the relationship between culture and economics as well as the interpenetration of these two fields and the resulting implications for the management of the cultural sphere. The paper is based on in-depth literature studies. Special attention is paid, on the one hand, to the role of culture in socioeconomic development and its relationship with economics, and, on the other hand, to changes in the cultural sphere taking place under the influence of the development of market, economic thought and new management concepts that are applicable in the area of culture. The context of the development of new technologies and the concept of technological determinism are also considered, as the behaviour of culture participants is strongly affected by algorithms and information bubbles within which culture participants function.

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Podatkowe oddziaływanie na politykę rachunkowości

Author(s): Artur Jastrzębowski,Dawid Obrzeżgiewicz,Jarosław Szyszka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors discuss the practical impact of solutions used in tax law on the accounting policy of entities which keep accounting books. The purpose of this chapter is to verify whether entities adopt and include in their accounting policies solutions resulting from specific provisions of tax law. Discussing the basic differences between accounting and taxation systems, the authors point to the basic theoretical distinctions in the process of identification, valuation and recognition of economic operations. To achieve the research goal they detail the differences in the valuation principles of both legal systems, which are disclosed in the entities’ accounting policies. Using five case studies, they analyse the accounting policies of entities from various industries, presenting the use of tax valuation methods inthe accounting policies.

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Impact of Brexit on the Supply Chains in the United Kingdom

Author(s): Gergana Kaloyanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The term “Supply Chain” can be described as the whole network of businesses and individuals which are collaborating in order to produce and distribute a final good or service. The whole system is affected if one part of it is malfunctioning. The study aims to analyze the impact of Brexit on supply chains in the United Kingdom based on a literature review and personal reflection on the topic. The research indicates that Brexit has been the most significant impact on the supply chains in the United Kingdom, foremost due to delays and red tape following the 2021 Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). Many businesses had to find new suppliers to reestablish supply. Strategies used to decrease the adverse effects include supplier diversification and nearshoring (transferring business operations closer to home). Unfortunately, a lot of companies continue to search for ways to enhance the efficiency and resilience of their supply chains.

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Dynamics of the Relationship between Online Purchases and Consumer Income in the European Union

Author(s): Simeonka Petrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the digital economy, online purchases are on the rise, seen as an indicator of economic well-being at national and regional levels. The geographic focus of the study is on online purchases and income of individuals from the 27-member states of the European Union. The main goal of the development is to investigate the dynamics of the relationship between online purchases of European consumers and disposable income, and on this basis to arrive at the derivation of corresponding dependencies. The following research tasks are set: interpretation of conceptual interpretations of the determinacy of online purchases by the amount of disposable income; adoption of a methodological framework for analyzing and evaluating the dependence between the variables „consumer spending, including for online purchases - disposable income“; formulating more important generalizations from the research conducted. The measurement of the studied relationship between the variables is carried out using the statistical software for computer processing - IBM SPSS Statistics and the Excel program. The analysis is based on the method of linear regression and correlation. The data refer to the time interval 2013-2021. The results of the study take into account the variation of consumer spending on online purchases while observing the fluctuations in the income of the respondents. The formulated conclusions are useful for characterizing the determinants of the changing behavior of European consumers.

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User Journey Planning for Sales in the European Union by Local Companies

Author(s): Georgi Malchev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The user journey is a pivotal concept in marketing that evolves and adapts amidst technological, economic, and behavioral shifts. This paper aims to present practical models for user journey planning, exploring their influence and subsequent utilization by companies exporting their products. Specifically, it delves into Bulgarian companies and their strategies to plan and implement exports to EU member states. Interviews have been conducted with marketing managers exporting from Bulgaria to the EU. The framework identified in the analysis is employed, detailing the various approaches companies opt for. The paper concludes by outlining areas for further analysis regarding companies’ decisions related to elements of the user journey in international sales.

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The Factors Influencing Consumer Choice

Author(s): Rositsa Nakova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to investigate which part of the packaging information plays an important role in consumer choice between both Generation Z and Generation Millennials. How inflation changes consumer demand for groceries. The comparative analysis between the two generations is of interest because the market is currently accustomed to the demands of the Millennial generation. It is yet to adapt to Generation Z as well. The benchmarking was done through an online survey distributed in major cities and among highly educated consumers.

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