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A Contemporary Approach For Strategic Management in Tourism Sector: PESTEL Analysis on The City Muğla, Turkey

Author(s): Ergün Kara / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The scope of the present study is to estimate the influence of the PESTEL dimensions (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) on the tourism sector in Muğla, Turkey. For this purpose, a research has been carried out on the top managers of three, four and five-star hotels operating in Muğla, Turkey. The datum provided from 150 business top managers have been included to the analysis of the research. As a result of the analysis done, legal factors (consumer and labor law) were estimated by the participant managers as the most important whereas social factors (demographic structure of the population and cultural attitudes) were of the least importance for the development of tourism sector in Muğla, Turkey. Another result was that more educated participants gave greater importance to all these factors than their less educated counterparts.

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One Way Ticket-Route To Death: How Right Is To Promote As A Commercial Initiative?

Author(s): Arzu Kılıçlar,Fulden Nuray Küçükergin,Seval Kurt,Beyza Adıgüzel,Bahadır İnanç Özkan,Halil Can Aktuna / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

In this study, it has been argued the efforts of combining the concept of euthanasia and assisted suicide in the last few years with the concept of tourism. This study aims to investigate the concepts of euthanasia/assisted suicide with their medical, legal and religious dimensions and how right it is to promote the practicing centers as commercial tourism initiatives. Initially, tourism and tourist concepts have been explained then medical and juristically embodiments and applications have been detailed. It is pointed that, in many countries euthanasia and assisted suicide is forbidden while Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, United States of America, Canada and Colombia are the countries accepting euthanasia/assisted suicide. Switzerland has a unique place practicing euthanasia/assisted suicide although it is not accepted legally. Subsequently, religious point of view has been discussed and it has been clarified that euthanasia/assisted suicide and tourism concept cannot coexist.

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Çağdaş Maliyet Yöntemlerinin Konaklama İşletmelerinde Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Ayşe Kurtlu,Mehmet Uçar,Sibel Çobanoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2017

Contemporary cost methods has been developed to calculate product and service costs more accurately and healthily together with globalization, technological developments and rapidly changing customer demands and expectations in today's intense competition environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of contemporary cost methods advantages on applicability of these methods. The universe of the research consists of 480 people, beeing managers in accommodation enterprises operating in provinces and districts of Bartın-Amasra and Karabuk-Safranbolu. Collecting research data were used face-to-face survey technique and acceptable 396 surveys were included in the survey. As a result of the analysis of the research data it was determined that there has been effects of contemporary cost methods advantages on applicability of these methods.

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Sosyal Kaytarmanın İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Evren Güçer,Elbeyi Pelit,Şerif Ahmet Demirdağ,Yasin Keleş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

The organizations achieve the success only with their members' devoted works, no matter that the organization operates in any kind of sectors. In this context, the human element comes at the beginning of the resources that organizations have to use this element efficient and effective. Indeed, the failures that employees reflect consciously and/or unconsciously to their work affect the organization directly. In this context, social loafing which is the considered/can be considered one of the important organizational issues, and the negative effects of its on the employees and organization should not be ignored. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the hotel employees' perceptions on social loafing behavior by their colleagues and to reveal the impact of this behavior on intention to leave. In this study, social loafing behavior has attempted to clarify by the scope of examining the self-efficacy theory and the X-Y theories. For the aim of this study, the data were collected by the questionnaire technique which applied on the 422 employees work in 9 five-star hotels in Antalya. The obtained data were decoded and interpreted by the descriptive analysis, factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis. According to the findings obtained from the aforementioned analysis, the social loafing behavior of colleagues perceived by the hotel employees and their intention to leave were realized at a level that can be considered low. On the other hand, a positive correlation/impact determined between the hotel employees' perceptions on social loafing behavior of their colleagues and the intention to leave.

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Kruvaziyer Turistlerinin Deneyimleri, Memnuniyetleri ve Davranışsal Niyetleri: İstanbul’da Örnek Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Öznur Çetinkaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

‘Cruise Tourism’ is a type of tourism that develops rapidly throughout the world, provides a source of income and support of image for the destinations that are visited and it mostly addresses the middle and upper income classes. In order to provide opportunities for achievement in this type of tourism, it is necessary to have a correct understanding of the participants, analyze them correctly and according to results, offer them correct product and service. In this context, it is important to explore cruise tourists’ experiences, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The aim of this study, explain the relationship and the interaction between experiences, satisfaction and behavioral intentions of cruise tourists’ who visited Istanbul. Therefore, a research model that examined the relationship between these variables was tested by a field study in Istanbul. The results of analyses show that experience has four dimensions (education, escapism, aesthetics, and entertainment) and while there is a significant correlation between some of the variables; for some of the variables correlation and impact effect was lower.

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Duygusal Emek, Tükenmişlik ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Otel İşletmesi Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Ayhan Karakaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

In this study, the effects of the emotional labor behaviors of the hotel management employees on the burnout levels and intention to leave the work were examined. The study was carried out by direct access to the businesses with a total of 536 employees on the four and five star hotel management employees in Antalya, Muğla and Istanbul. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant relationship between emotional labor, burnout and intent to leave the work, and also that some of the averages of the dimensions differ according to the demographic characteristics. As a result of the correlation and regression analysis; the emotional labor is affected by the burnout and the intention to leave the work. Findings were compared with the related literature and suggestions were made for business managers and researchers.

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Kadın Çalışanlarda Cam Tavan Yansıtıcılarından Kurum İkliminin, İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Alev Sökmen,Semra Akar Şahingöz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Glass ceiling refers to invisible obstacles that prevent women from rising above a certain level in management. The main ones of these obstacles could be; stereotypes, role conflict, institutional practices (such as discrimination on recruitment, promotion and salary), not having a mentor and communication network, as well as shortcomings in terms of institutional practices, corporate culture and organizational climate. In traditional patriarchal corporate cultures, female managers are not regarded as suitable for certain jobs and duties, and when they are out of their roles, this creates disturbances in other people around them. Women having equal opportunities to pursue career opportunities could vary from institution to institution. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of institutional climate, that affects mental stability and one of the dimensions of glass ceiling syndrome, on job satisfaction and turnover intention in female employees in hospitality industry. 153 women working in three hotels of local chain company in Antalya participated in the study. The data were collected by Glass Ceiling Syndrome Scale. According to the findings, it was determined that there is a meaningful and negative relation between corporate climate (which is one of the glass ceiling dimensions) and job satisfaction. In addition, a positive impact and relationship was found between the organizational climate and turnover intention.

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Turizm İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Güven ve Örgütsel Stres İlişkisi: Mutfak Departmanı İşgörenleri Örneği

Author(s): Nurettin Ayaz,Taner Bati / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

Employees play a crucial role in the quality of services in tourism sector, which has been considered as a labor-intensive sector. Within this context, sustainable organizational trust is required for successful teamwork in tourism enterprises. Another factor that should be prioritized in increasing the productivity of the employees is the attempt to decrease organizational stress. This study tests the relationship between organizational trust and organization stress from the perspective of the employees working in the kitchen of the tourism enterprises that operate in food and beverage sector. Between July and August 2016, data was obtained by conducting a survey on 243 employees working in cuisine department of the touristic enterprises that operate in Safranbolu and Amasra districts, which are important destinations for both the domestic and foreign tourists, and located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Data within the context of the relationship between organizational trust (trust in friends and the organization) and organizational stress (individual, organizational) was analyzed by using percentage, frequency, T-test for independent samples, single direction variation analysis, Tukey’s test and correlation analysis. The study found negative and meaningful relationship between the opinions of the employees working in the cuisine department on organizational trust and their levels of organizational stress (r=0,242; p=0,000). The finding indicates that an attempt to increase the organizational trust levels of the employees working in the cuisine department will result with a 24.2% decrease in the organizational stress levels of these employees.

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Örgütsel Güven İle Örgüt İkliminin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme, İş Tatmini Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkileri: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama

Author(s): Şükran Öktem,Burçak Kiziltan,Menekşe Tarhan Öztoprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2016

In enterprises, organizational trust and organizational climate cause different perceptions in employees. Employees who perceive positive organizational climate and who has a feeling of trust in the working place has the highest possibility to enhance high level of organizational identification and job satisfaction. For this reason, employees may not consider leaving the job. In this study, the effects of the organizational trust and organizational climate, organizational identification, job satisfaction, intention of turnover of employment and the formation of these perceptions were investigated at four and five stars hotels in İstanbul. For this purpose, a study was performed with the participation of 300 hotel employees. In this research, the data was collected via online surveys using convenience sampling method. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. As a result of the research, no significant effect of organizational climate on job satisfaction was observed. On the otherhand, significant relations between the other variables was detected.

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Duygusal Emeğin İş Tatmini ve Duygusal Tükenme İle İlişkisi: Antalya Destinasyonu Otel Çalışanları Örneği

Author(s): Pınar Çelik,Yunus Topsakal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2016

Emotional labor is an important strategy applied in many sectors, especially in the service sector. Because emotional labor provide opportunities for positive outcomes such as better performance, customer satisfaction and good image. However, studies have been shown that outcomes of emotional labor may be different based on sectors. While studies conducted on this issue focused on hospital and airline firms and suggested way to emotional labor strategies for this sector, the number of studies performed on the hotels is limited extent whereas hotels are emotional labor-intensive firms. Therefore, this study measured the emotional labor of the hotel personnel. It is aimed to reveal the relationship between emotional exhaustion / job satisfaction of the hotel personnel and emotional labor. To this end questionnaire were employed the hotel personnel in Antalya destination. According to results, there is a significant relationship between emotional exhaustion / job satisfaction of the hotel personnel and emotional labor.

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The Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Organizational Silence in Hotels

Author(s): Ali Avan,Özcan Zorlu,Ahmet Baytok / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The aim of this study is to determine whether psychological empowerment (PE) is related with or have any effects on organizational silence (OS) in hotel enterprises. Relevant data was collected via questionnaire forms from 348 employees of five star hotels operating in Antalya. To test the hypothesis of the study Correlation and Regression Analyses were performed. Findings of the study basically indicate that PE applications have relatively weak effect on OS. The results show that only selfdetermination dimension of PE has a significant effect on OS, while the other dimensions have no effect on OS.

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Mobbing’in Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi: Eğlence ve İkram Amaçlı Hizmet Veren Rekreasyon İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Üzeyir Kement,Burcu Batga / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2016

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether the mobbing has an impact on the organizational commitment of employees formed in recreation businesses serving recreational and catering purposes. Employees that are exposed to mobbing lose their performance over time, their loyal commitment decreases, and there is intent to leave their job. Employees can be separated from the work in case of intimidation. It is therefore important to examine the mobbing and the problems caused by the negative consequences in the organizations. The research constitutes employees in Bingöl who are engaged in entertainment and recreational activities. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool in the research. As a result of the analysis of the data, there was a significant relationship between mobbing and three components of organizational commitment: emotional commitment, normative commitment and continuity commitment. The mobbing to their quality of life and occupational status at workplaces reduces the emotional attachment of employees; the one to their reputation reduces ongoing commitment, and the one to their self and communication reduces normative loyalties.

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Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Etik İklim ve Örgütsel Sinizm İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Yaşar Sarı,Ali Doğantekin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2016

The aim of this research is to determine between levels of perceived organizational ethical climate and organizational cynicism by employees of accommodation establishments with four and five stars in İstanbul. The reason why İstanbul is selected as the population of this research; in terms of touristic total bed amount and hosting multiple tourist activities is one of Turkey's most important tourism destinations. The data that was obtained from 391 employees of accommodation establishments with four and five stars in İstanbul were analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS (Statistical Program For Social Sciences). As a result of the analysis; a negative and statistically significant relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational ethical climate were found. In addition, according to the result of regression analysis; it was identified that approximately 10% of the variation in organizational cynicism can be explained by the ethical climate.

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İşgörenlerin Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Hatay’daki Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Zeynep Aslan,Senem Etyemez / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2015

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of burnout level of employees on intention to leave in three, four, five-star and boutique hotels in Hatay. The scales developed previously were used to measure the independent variable; emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization and the dependent variable; intention to leave. In this study, judgmental sampling method was used and the employees in three, four, five star and boutique hotels in Hatay were included in the field research. The result of this studying dedicated that employees had lower levels of burnout. The results also showed that sub-dimensions of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment significantly associated with intention to leave. The results also showed that intention to leave increased when emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increased, but reduced when personal accomplishment increased. Consequently, this study pointed out that the burnout level of employees had an effect on intention to leave.

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Türkiye’ de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Bazı Makro Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Modeli Analizi

Author(s): Selahattin Koç,Gülhan Deniz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

Purpose – The purpose of this study is; the period from 2005Q3 to 2017Q2 such as inflation, exports, tourism and employment which are independent variables, whether there is a significant relationship between economic growth or not; is to analyze how variables affect economic growth using "Multiple Regression Model" in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach – In the first part of the study, it was established the conceptual framework about the theoretical infrastructure of relations between economic growth, inflation, exports, tourism and employment. In the second part, literature review related to the subject is presented. In the third part, data collection, analysis method and analysis results are explained. Datas were collected and arranged from Turkey Statistics Institute (TUIK). Qurterly data was used the periyot from 2005Q3 to20017Q2 in this study. Periodic GDP chained volume value for growth (2009 base year), seasonal data for tourism revenues based on American dollars, Monthly data for TÜFE (2003 base year), Export Unit Value Index (2010 base year) for the inflation rate and for employment rates were used converted into quarterly data. Findings and Discussion – According to the results of the analysis; In Turkey, between 2005Q3- 2017Q2 period, economic growth, tourism has been identified as one of a significant and positive relationship between inflation and employment. On the other hand, it is concluded that there is no significant relationship between export and economic growth, meaning that exports didn’t affect economic growth.

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The Relationship Between Tourism Income and Financial Development in The Mena Countries

Author(s): Emirhan Yenişehirlioğlu,Tayfur Bayat / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2019

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the causality between financial development and tourism income for the MENA economies between year 1995 and 2016. Design/Methodology/Approach – To do this, we employ Dimitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test depending on rolling window regression and Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse’s (2011) panel causality test. Findings – In this analysis for Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Arab Rep., Iran, Islamic Rep., Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia and Turkish economies the relationship between financial development and tourism income calculated by the IMF for the period of 1995-2016. Panel data analysis is employed in order to test the hypothesis. In the empirical analysis, it was concluded that the countries that formed the panel affected each other socially and economically. Discussion – According to the results of empirical analysis, when the relationship between financial development and tourism income is examined for each country forming the panel, it was found that the supply - driven approach in Jordan and Tunisia on the other hand in Morocco and Sudan demand driven approach is valid. On the other hand for the frequency domain test it is offered that the neutrality approach was valid in 2009 and 2016 and demand driven approach is valid in 2005-2013 (except 2009).

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Örgütsel Sessizliğin Örgütsel Öğrenme Üzerine Etkisi: Antalya’daki Konaklama İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Hatice Sari Gök,Onur Çelen,Muharrem Tuna / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

Purpose – In today's information age, both employees and the organization must support continuous learning in order for organizations to continuously develop themselves and to follow innovations. It is important to create a working environment where employees can express their ideas, ideas and suggestions clearly and to participate in the decisions taken regarding the business. In this respect, it is understood that human resources is an important unit for the effectiveness of an organization. It is very important to determine the effect of organizational silence on organizational learning, the satisfaction of touristic consumers and the work satisfaction of the employees in the enterprises that provide them with tourist products and services in terms of the relevant variables. Design/methodology/approach – In line with the stated purpose, data were collected from 390 participants working in tourism establishments operating in Belek, Side-Manavgat and Alanya regions of Antalya province between April and June 2017 with survey technique. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, correlation and simple linear regression analysis. Findings – As a result of the analysis performed; Although there is a weak relationship between organizational silence and organizational learning, it is determined that there is a positive relationship. In addition, the reliability of the data and model has been tested and approved by the applied analyzes. Discussion - Thus, it was revealed that organizational silence may have effects on organizational learning in accommodation establishments. Attitudes and behaviors of managers and employees in accommodation enterprises are stated.

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Otel İşgörenlerinin Örgütsel Sinizm Algıları ve İş Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: Kars İlinde Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Serkan Naktiyok,Ethem Topçuoğlu,Erman Kaygın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

Purpose – Employers employed in hotels located in Kars City Center constitute the universe of the study. The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between organizational cynicism and job performance of hotel employees. Design/methodology/approach – The questionnaire consists of demographic variables, the Organizational Cynicism Scale adapted to Turkish by Karacaoğlu and İnce (2012) and the Business Performance Scale prepared by Avunduk (2016). The questionnaire was applied to hotel employees in the research universe in the form of a simple random sample. From the 153-person universe, 138 people were surveyed and 126 questionnaires were evaluated and data were obtained. The data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs and findings were obtained. Findings – Young employees are considered to be more cynical as a result of being ambitious and wanting to have a position quickly. There was a significant difference between organizational cynicism and education, especially at associate degree level.

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Güç Mesafesi ve Örgütsel Adaletin Politik Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Ali Burak Ulus,Aysun Kanbur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2020

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between employees’ perceptions of power distance and organizational justice and political behavior and determine whether political behaviors decrease with decreasing power distance and organizational justice has a significant and negative effect on political behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – In the research, questionnaire technique was utilized for gathering the data and Power Distance Scale of Dorfman ve Howell (1988), Organizational Justice Scale of Niehoff ve Moorman (1993) and Political Behavior Scale of İslamoğlu ve Börü (2007) were used. Gathered data were evaluated by the help of statistical analyses and correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to test the hypotheses of the research. Findings – As a result of the findings, it has been determined that reducing the power distance perception, political behavior and acting concessive, acting hypocritical, trying to ingratiate oneself, making coalition and acting for self-interest as subdimensions of political behavior will be reduce. It has also been found that employees’ perceptions of organizational justice have a significant and negative effect on acting for self-interest as subdimensions of political behavior, and there isn’t found the similar effect on acting concessive, acting hypocritical, trying to ingratiate oneself and making coalition as subdimensions of political behavior. Discussion – Political behavior in organizations is an expected situation. However, it is important for organizations to manage political behavior without causing devastating consequences. In this process, the findings of power distance and organizational justice examined in the research can be taken into consideration in the management process of political behaviors.

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Duygusal Emek ve Hizmet Vermeye Yatkınlık Durumu Arasındaki İlişki: Konaklama Sektörü

Author(s): Ebru Gözen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2020

Purpose – Due to the unique features of the hospitality industry, it is an important issue that people who want to work in this sector have a personality structure that is prone to service and can display their emotions in accordance with their business policies and strategies. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between emotional labor and service orientation. Design/methodology/approach – In accordance with purpose, the relational screening model was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 328 employees working in 5 star accommodation establishments in Manavgat district of Antalya. In the study, the relationship between emotional labor data set consisting of superficial role playing, deep role playing and natural emotions variables and service orientation variables consisting of enjoying service and meeting service needs were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Findings – As a result of canonical correlation analysis, a significant relationship was found between emotional labor and service orientation, and the common variance shared between data sets was 14%. Discussion – As a result of the research, it is concluded that as the employees’ tendency to provide services increases, their emotional labor level will increase to. At the same time, it can be said that the contribution of the superficial role-playing variable to the emotional labor data set is more important than the contribution of the role -playing and natural behavior variables to the emotional labor data set. It was observed that the contribution of the pleasure to serve variable to the service orientation data set is partly more important, although it is almost the same as the contribution of the variable to meet the service needs to the service orientation data set.

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