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The current report examines the key drivers of the hidden economy and its impact on the overall economy in SEE, and in particular the employment, social and fiscal sectors. The authors focus on the links between hidden economy and corruption, especially the administrative corruption, related to VAT drain, tax payment evasion, social security payment evasion, and “speeding up” business related services. They propose new approaches for measuring and analysing the phenomena, as well as preventive and counter-measures. The hidden economy in SEE remains wide-spread, perpetuates informality, which is linked to corruption, and denotes a substantial gap between formal and informal institutions. This gap is due both to underdeveloped formal market institutions, and also to the lack of coherent enforcement of rules, often related to corruption. Those engaged in the hidden economy are more likely to face corruption pressure than the rest of the population throughout the region. The immense diversity of the scale of the phenomenon (19 % in Croatia and 81 % in Kosovo), its prevailing patterns (no written contracts in Turkey, non-payment of health care contributions in Kosovo, envelope wages in Macedonia and Bulgaria, non-formalised business in Albania) and statistical estimation of the hidden economy in GDP across Southeast European countries leads to the conclusion that any successful counter-measures would require tailor-made policies and sequencing of reforms.
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Katarzyna Leszczyńska podejmuje temat ważny i właściwie zupełnie nierozpoznany. Jej publikacja wnosi szczególnie potrzebny wymiar naukowego namysłu nad problemami nie tylko budzącymi emocje, lecz także otoczonymi stereotypami i uprzedzeniami. Chodzi mianowicie o właściwe rozumienie problemów płci obecnych w instytucjach kościelnych. Najciekawszym jej wymiarem jest zderzenie założeń teoretycznych i doktryny Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego z praktyką, a dokładniej ze świadomością świeckich katolików pracujących w kościelnych instytucjach.
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Polskę ominęła. Dopiero po 1989 roku zaczęły postępować zmiany norm obyczajowych, seks zaczął oznaczać coś więcej niż tylko prokreację, pojawiły się takie tematy, jak homo-, bi- i płynna seksualność, a prawa mniejszości, seks nastolatków, gwałty bądź edukacja seksualna stały się przedmiotem debaty publicznej. Zarazem pojawiły się głosy, że są to problemy niepolskie, a nawet antypolskie, niemające nic wspólnego z zainteresowaniami prawdziwych Polaków. Analizy zawarte w tej książce dowodzą, że jest zgoła odwrotnie.
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Corruption and measures to counteract it have been subject to so much research and political attention that it would seem that their every aspect must have been explored. Yet corruption proves bafflingly resilient, always finding new conduits for spreading; squeezed temporarily out of one public sector, it reappears in another. It could only benefit the anticorruption effort, therefore, if novel methods for analysis and prevention were found. It is in response to this need that the current report seeks to build bridges between the evaluation of anticorruption policies and the measurement of corruption. Monitoring Anticorruption Policy Implementation (MACPI) was born of the understanding that innovation in anticorruption is as important as it is in other social and economic fields. MACPI provides the anticorruption community with a precision-guided tool, which gives exhaustive feedback on the enforcement of policies.
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"W kręgu Stanisława Ossowskiego” to projekt naukowy realizowany przez Instytut Socjologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Jego celami są: dokumentacja dorobku Ossowskiego i jego środowiska, badania nad twórczością i znaczeniem tego kręgu oraz publikacja niedrukowanych pism uczonego. Stanisław Ossowski w pełnym blasku jest pierwszym tomem powstałym w ramach tego projektu. Tom jest suplementem do Dzieł Ossowskiego, wydanych w latach 1966–1970. Zawiera teksty wcześniej nieznane, niezakwalifikowane do publikacji przez redaktorów Dzieł lub niedopuszczone do druku przez cenzurę, m.in. rozprawę „Społeczne uwarunkowania postaw estetycznych w społeczeństwie kapitalistycznym” (1938–1939). W książce znalazły się również materiały, o których wydawaniu wcześniej nie myślano: rękopiśmienne szkice i inne wypowiedzi młodzieńcze, listy w sprawach naukowych i publicznych, ekspertyzy sądowe oraz sprawozdania i projekty organizacyjne; tu perłą jest listowny spór o patriotyzm między młodym Ossowskim a Bertrandem Russellem (1922), odkryty w toku pracy nad tomem. Zgromadzone teksty pomogą ujrzeć Stanisława Ossowskiego w pełnym blasku.
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Binarne klasifikacije spola i roda sveprisutne su u našem društvu i utiču na to kako razumijevamo i organiziramo svijet oko nas. Klasifikacija čovječanstva u dvije kategorije – Ž (žensko) i M (muško) – kao i njihova utemeljenost u identifikacijskim dokumentima izlaže kršenju ljudskih prava osobe koje se ne uklapaju u potpunosti u te dvije kategorije. Među njima su interspolne osobe posebno ranjive. Stereotipi koji se vezuju za navodnu dihotomiju roda, kao i za medicinske norme takozvanih ženskih i muških tijela, omogućili su prakticiranje rutinskih medicinskih i hirurških intervencija na interspolnim osobama, čak i kada su takve intervencije kozmetičke, a ne medicinski potrebne ili u slučajevima kada o njima dotične osobe nisu konsultirane niti informirane.Tajnovitost i stid koji se vezuju za interspolna tijela omogućili su da se te prakse odvijaju decenijama, dok se istovremeno problematika ljudskih prava uglavnom nije ni razmatrala. Evropsko društvo do dana današnjeg ostaje u velikoj mjeri nesvjesno stvarnosti koju žive interspolne osobe. Ipak, kroz pionirski rad sve većeg broja interspolnih grupa i pojedinačnih aktivistkinja i aktivista, ljudskopravaške zajednice i međunarodne organizacije postaju sve više svjesne ove situacije i nastoje se suočiti s tom problematikom pozivajući se na standarde ljudskih prava. U maju 2014. godine, Komesar za ljudska prava objavio je Komentar na ljudska prava pod nazivom “Dječak ili djevojčica ili osoba – interspolne osobe nepriznate u Evropi”, u kojem su naglašeni problemi u vezi sa ljudskim pravima s kojima se suočavaju interspolne osobe. Ova tematska publikacija daje detaljnije upute i sadrži preporuke Komesara u cilju rješavanja ove problematike. Publikacija ima svrhu da informira vlasti i praktičare o trenutnim etičkim razmatranjima i ljudskim pravima u ovom smislu, kao i o najboljim globalnim praksama. Prije izrade ovog dokumenta, obavljene su konsultacije sa aktivistkinjama i aktivistima za interspolna prava i medicinskim stručnjacima i stručnjakinjama. Poduzeto je već nekoliko pozitivnih koraka ka razumijevanju situacije u kojoj se nalaze interspolne osobe i u reagiranju na njihove probleme. Nedavno usvajanje međuresorne izjave Ujedinjenih nacija (UN) o sterilizaciji koja tretira i kršenje tjelesnog integriteta interspolnih osoba predstavlja prekretnicu u kombiniranju medicinskog i ljudskopravaškog pristupa. Objavljivanjem izvještaja o interspolnim osobama koji su pripremila nacionalna vijeća za medicinsku etiku povećana je svijest o problemima sa kojima se te osobe suočavaju. Poduzete su i korisne inicijative za zaštitu interspolnih osoba od diskriminacije kroz reforme zakonodavstva koje se odnosi na jednako postupanje. Postoji urgentna potreba za daljnjim napretkom da bi se poboljšala situacija po pitanju ostvarivanja ljudskih prava interspolnih osoba. Ova tematska publikacija ima cilj da potakne razvoj okvira djelovanja sugerirajući dvotračni pristup. S jedne strane, poziva zemlje članice da ukinu medicinski nepotreban tretman “normalizacije” interspolnih osoba kada se on provodi ili propisuje bez slobodnog i potpuno informiranog pristanka dotične osobe. S druge strane, publikacija predstavlja moguće naredne korake u smislu zaštite interspolnih osoba od diskriminacije, adekvatnog priznavanja njihovog spola u zvaničnim dokumentima i pristupa pravdi.
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Corruption and measures to counteract it have been subject to so much research and political attention that it would seem that their every aspect must have been explored. Yet corruption proves bafflingly resilient, always finding new conduits for spreading; squeezed temporarily out of one public sector, it reappears in another. It could only benefit the anticorruption effort, therefore, if novel methods for analysis and prevention were found. It is in response to this need that the current report seeks to build bridges between the evaluation of anticorruption policies and the measurement of corruption. Monitoring Anticorruption Policy Implementation (MACPI) was born of the understanding that innovation in anticorruption is as important as it is in other social and economic fields. MACPI provides the anticorruption community with a precision-guided tool, which gives exhaustive feedback on the enforcement of policies.
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The current analysis depicts the major trends in and risks to the development of civil society in Bulgaria. Three groups of risks are identified related to the establishment of public-private partnerships, the capture of civil society by politicians at local and national level, and the nature of commercial activities performed by non-profit organizations. The suggested legislative changes and measures target state and municipal structures related to non-profit organizations. In addition, this paper outlines measures aimed at self-regulation and greater transparency in the "third sector".
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The current publication analyses the findings of the survey on public trust in Bulgarian police and courts, including personal assessments about the level of corruption in these institutions and the subjective perceptions of fear of crime. Two main factors are moulding the public trust: the state institutions’ effectiveness, their procedural justice and their distributive fairness towards citizens, as well as institutions’ legitimacy, the legality of their actions and the shared moral principles, which build up the obligation to respect the rules and the decisions of these institutions. The publication suggests that Bulgaria should introduce a system of indicators for assessing the public trust in the criminal justice system. These indicators would be instrumental for the more comprehensive definition of the problems, which criminal justice institutions face, and for more effective monitoring of public opinion fluctuations.
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The individual and collective identity of the Jews is a well-established subject of research in sociology, social psychology and social history. This book differs from other studies in exploring Jewish identity through the coexistence of Jews with non-Jews in Hungary. It presents the “Jewishness” of such individuals and families who live in mixed marriages, in which the Jewish origin of one party (be it public or secret) becomes a source of peculiar identities. Through coexistence, Jewishness acquires new meanings ranging from a more intense identity, through abandoning or changing Jewish identity, to self-hatred and latent anti-Semitism. The book examines the changing use of various Jewish symbols, rituals and objects (e.g., Star of David, circumcision, Menorah). It is the first study in Hungary, which deals with the “Jewish identity” of non-Jews, philo-Semitism and pseudo-Jewish identity in mixed marriages. Also, it strives to bring the traumas of the Shoah in public debate by analysing it from the perspective of coexistence. Thereby, the book presents the guilty conscience of the children and grandchildren of the perpetrators, which has not been analysed in Hungary yet. Finally, the rediscovery of Jewish identity, a process that also includes some distancing from that identity is examined in a biographical context – a novelty in Jewish Studies in Hungary as well.
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The book entitled Necropolis. Sociological Study of the Cemeteries of Katowice, is an attempt to description of the burial spaces on the example of one city. Cemeteries shall be treated as a cultural text, reproduced in various forms of social practices. Reading this cultural text allows to reconstruct contemporary roles and significance of urban cemeteries, and describe construction of the graveyards and show typical activities undertaken in their spaces.The opening chapter clarifies the social history of the funeral spaces of Europe described terms of in four stages of development. The further part is devoted to necropolis of the particular city – Katowice. The author makes a description of the form, shape and infrastructure of cemeteries and reminds history of the city. Another part of the work is a theoretical debate on urban issues, including emphasis on urban sociology. The continuum: space – the city – a place – non-place is explained, as well as the functional division of urban space. Than graveyards are described in terms of various sciences. In this part of the book preliminary analysis of research on functions of Katowice burial spaces are related. A consequence of above is construction of the typology of modern graveyards functions in sociological terms. The rest of the book is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of results of empirical studies (combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods) carriedout in Katowice. It begins with description of burial spaces treated as separated areas of the city; the second aspect of the analysis is a description of cemeteries’ structure; another is focused on the functioning of graveyards; the last one specifies the meaning of the cemeteries for the residents of the city.This approach allows to recreate multi-faceted image of urban cemeteries. Firstly, image of necropolis with permanent and temporary components of the visual universe is analyzed. Secondly, events that took place within the cemeteries and practices associated with visiting the graveyards are described, as well as the way of functioning of cemeteries – their daily, monthly and yearly rhythm. Thirdly, answer to the question about the meaning and place of burial spaces in the minds of Katowice residents is given.Among the most important conclusions of work it should be noted that the residents of Katowice believe that burial places have important socio-cultural role. Cemeteries are described as important, meaningful and long-lasting spaces; areas of interaction and symbolic exchange. It is because, among other things: the universality of visits to cemeteries, what is associated with their rhythm of functioning; a multitude of activities undertaken in cemeteries (not only those related to its first roles); an affection to the image of tombstones; awareness that cemeteries are not only a places of remembrance for everyone who buried their relatives there, but also for the city, region or even the country; the conviction that cemeteries should be show the youngest, to familiarize them with the historical heritage and create a kind ofsymbolic attachment with the ancestors.
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The aim of the study is to conduct a critical analysis of unacceptable practices of acquiring knowledge at faculties of social and other sciences (cheating, plagiarism, using a network of personal relationships, political pressures ...) used by students and, in the context of the overall social reality in which corruption attempts to be established as acceptable social norm, to detect the key causes of deformation in the academic culture in order to stop the process of transforming deforming practices into social pathology.
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The establishment of the Federal Service of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation (FSWGN) fits in the tradition of the Russian security services. One of ist important elements are periodic reorganization, name and structure changes and management staff to restart the bodies. In contrast to radical changes in the past - the creation of the FSWGN, i.e. the Rosguard (this abbreviation is also used in official documents), was an evolutionary move which had been announced for many years under the modernization of internal troops and improvement of their effectiveness. From the texts in federal legislation and presidential decrees regulating the activities of the new force, and above all the information campaign accompanying its creation, it can be assumed that the introduced changes are of technical nature. The statutory tasks of the Rosguard are not much different from those assigned to internal troops and police formations. // The purpose of this text is to try to answer the questions about the FSWGN a spart of Russia's military organization and operational machine, and what is its organizational and personnel profile - more police or military. It was made on the basis of an analysis of the legal grounds for functioning Rosguard, its official documents, reports and reports posted on the FSWGN website, as well as media reports about it.
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Novi Zakon o mladima usvojen je u proljeće 2019.godine, sa ciljem da se unaprijedi okvir za obezbijeđenje boljeg društvenog položaja mladih ljudi, boljih uslova za podršku mladih, ali i njihovog većeg angažovanja. Ovaj Zakon kao mlade tretira lica od navršenih 15 do navršenih 30 godina života. No, ova starosna granica nije unificirana, jer se u nekim državama Evropske unije u kategoriju mladih ubrajaju i lica do navršenih 35 godina. Iz toga slijedi da i društveni kontekst ima svoj uticaj u definisanju kategorije mladih. Po posljednjem popisu, Crna Gora ima 620 029 stanovnika. Od ovog broja 132 702 su mladi ljudi uzrasta od 15 do 29 godina, što čini 21,4% odnosno skoro petinu ukupnog broja stanovnika. Udio ove starosne grupe u Crnoj Gori veći je prosjeka u Evropskoj uniji, gdje mladi čine 17,4 % stanovništva. Ovo je jedan od ozbiljnih argumenata da mladi treba da budu u fokusu kreatora i donosilaca odluka, ali i da mlade treba motivisati kako bi bili i sami aktivniji u procesima donošenja odluka, a posebno onih odluka koje imaju direktan uticaj i na njih.
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The monograph How is it for Mums portrays mothering in the first generation of mothers after the 1989 Velvet Revolution. The female respondents who took part in our research were growing up or born after November 1989, at times of considerable changes in all spheres of society, parenting being no exception.
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Contemporary Western society is going through myriad dramatic changes and many people view current societal development disapprovingly. Dissatisfaction with the current state of society is widespread in the general public and also many experts point out the worsening state of our environment, increasing inequality, degradation of social capital, and the increase in mental illness. Numerous books have asked how to reverse such an unfavourable development in our society. The monograph Two hemispheres, two worlds looks at this issue through the novel lens of differences in the functioning of brain hemispheres. Research in brain hemisphere differences has made remarkable progress since overcoming the simplistic dichotomy of the rational left hemisphere and the emotional right hemisphere. Two hemispheres, two worlds reviews the most recent findings on brain asymmetry research and identifies as a common trait among all particular differences the right-hemispheric experience-affiliation and the left-hemispheric representation-affiliation. The left-hemispheric take on the world is subsequently identified as having a major influence on the modus operandi of our society and a striking parallel is shown between our current societal ills and the problems of people with a dysfunctional right-hemisphere. Finally, the author sketches specific public policies that could contribute to a more “hemispherically-balanced” society.
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The collection of essays Živi vrijednosti: globalni etos u lokalnom kontekstu BiH (Living Values: Global Ethic in Local Context of BiH), published by TPO Foundation and edited by Zilka Spahić Šiljak and Melika Šahinović, is the result of cooperation between TPO Foundation and elementary and secondary school teachers, as well as university professors, that aims to promote universal human values in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The project was conducted in cooperation with ministries of education of five different cantons of Federation of BiH, but also with individual schools in other areas across BiH. Global ethic has succeeded in creating a network of over 100 elementary and secondary schools as well as over 700 teachers, who are all working hard on integrating global ethics contents in their teachings. The overall aim of the project is to transform the consciousness of the individual within the educational system, because it is not possible to build ethos of common values and yield systemic societal changes without such a transformation. The collection opens with four essays that are based on the four fundamental Global ethic values: Ethics, Tolerance, Openness and Solidarity (ETOS). These essays elaborate on the concepts of ethical behavior and morality within the context of a globalized world, as well as the necessity of effecting change starting with ourselves, and explore the concept of tolerance in terms of acceptance and friendship, while simultaneously underlining the importance of active respect for differences among individuals. They emphasize the importance of discussing the concept of openness in an ethnically divided society and building a more open society, capable of integrating all the abundance of differences within it. Solidarity is elaborated on as both a need and an art of living in a world where corporate structures tear down the few existing foundations of solidarity with those who are less privileged. The remaining twelve essays carry universal messages of kindness, courage, love, support, understanding and acceptance. Their intention is to inspire children, teachers, parents, as well as other members of society to become aware of the importance of careful listening, confronting one’s own prejudices and flaws, and supporting one another in doing good. The authors particularly emphasize the importance of doing and acting in accordance with ethical and moral maxims, whether religious or humanistic. Author Neven Misaljević puts a creative spin on the project, using his exceptional artistic imagination to contribute illustrations that depict each of the values explored in the essays. Teacher Rasema Herceg closes the collection with a poem that is inspired by the Global Ethic initiative and reminds us of the importance of the bond between one’s inner being and the world that surrounds us.
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The book "Both Believers and Citizens" analyses the notion of women dignity, women position in society and marriage, public life, and their peace building role, within three religious traditions; Roman-Catholic, Orthodox and Islam, with the aim of construction and reconstruction of sex stereotypes. Philosophical-theological and cultural assumptions are given center of attention for their crucial role in each of the religious tradition on defining gender identities and gender roles, and original religious texts are therefore consulted. In that way contribution of religious traditions and individual engagament to implementation of The Article Five of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and UN Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security, i.e. to modification of cultural models, social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, and practices, prejudices and customs which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes, are also analyzed. Dignity and the human rights based on it, demand not only philosophical-tehological contemplations, but legal framework and respective institutions to protect and implement them, threfore this book addresses several religious communites' activities, without entering arena of legal discussion on harmonisation or differences between CEDAW articles, UN Resolution 1325 on women and peace and security, and legislations and teachings of churches and religious communities. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter one elaborates and criticially examines the existing national and international legal instruments for the protection of human rights of women. After the historical overview of development of notion of human rights in general and human rights of women in particular, the gap between normative and factual is identified, followed by examples of discrimination and subordination of women both in public and private life. This gap is both enabled and supported by gender sterotypes that cultural and religious tradition try to justify. In the next three chapters, origin and religious (non) justification of gender stereotypes, from the three religious communities: catholic, orthodox and Islamic, point of views are deconstructed. The same structure and methodological approach is used in each of the three chapters. Topics covered are: dignity of woman, gender relations theories, gender relations in marriage and family, gender relations in public life, and impact of gender theories on peace building and engagement of women in peace building activities are also analyzed in the light of sacred texts and various theological traditions. Such approach opens the door to understanding in what way and under which circumstances gender identities were constructed within each of the religious communities, and what are the options available for the identity "deconstruction". Interrelations between religious traditions and intertwining of philosophical, theological, and cultural impacts on gender stereotypes formation are elaborated. What makes this reading unique when compared with similar studies analyzing relation between religious communities and human rights of women is more than one thing. First of all, it doesn't solely analyze teachings or legal regulations of particular religious communities but institutions and various initiatives lounged by religious communities in order to promote human rights of women. Secondly, from the religious point of view numerous issues of relevance for human rights of women are also considered: recognition of dignity and its implementation in both public and private sphere. Thirdly, attitudes of not one, but all three dominant religious communities in this geographic region - Bosnia and Herzegovina, are examined. Although relations of Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Islam towards human rights of women are treated separately, respecting the specificity of each religious tradition, including language, corresponding structure of work and methodology enable detection of common attitudes and influences. The fundamental aim of this work was to illustrate possibilities for establishing dialogue between civil and religious sector, and for reconciliation of religious and secular concept of human rights in regard to acknowledgment and implementation of human rights of women, as a prerequisite for establishment of more just gender relations in all aspects of life.
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