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В статията се представят в съпоставителен план възможностите за образуване на инхоативни глаголи от предикатите за състояние в българския и руския език. Разглежданите словообразувателни модели са застъпени в много по-висока степен в българския език, но и в двата езика аспектологичните характеристики налагат съществени ограничения по отношение на съчетаемостта на глагола с префикс с начинателно значение. В българския език възможността за образуване на инхоативи от даден предикат може да послужи като надежден диагностичен тест за принадлежността му към дадена онтологична категория в рамките на семантичната типология на предикатите.
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Просодия русского языка является самым сложным аспектом даже для выпускников болгарских университетов, изучающих русский язык. Цель настоящего доклада – проанализировать, какими тональными контурами болгарские учащиеся реализуют русские да-нет-вопросы. Материалом экспериментально-фонетического исследования явился небольшой корпус минидиалогов на русском и болгарском языках. В эксперимента принимало участие шесть носителей болгарского языка. Интонационные контуры и тональные акценты болгарских студентов сопоставлялись с образцами речи носителей языка. Записи обработаны акустически и нотированы вручную с помощью программы PRAAT с использованием ToRI. Результаты исследования позволяют спрогнозировать возможные отклонения от норм просодической системы изучаемого языка.
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This paper outlines the most productive ways of word formation in the English language, focusing on the derivational field of the lexeme “wind”. Derivaties are also clustered according to different thematic groups, connotative meanings, American English usage, constituents of compound words and similarity in meaning. Special attention is paid to differences in theories and approaches to word-formation processes, to using the terms and inconsistencies in spelling of some of the derivatives according to different dictionaries and grammars.
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Emiliyan Stanev’s unfinished short novel The Black Monk still remains on the margins of his oeuvre, and also of research interest on the part of Bulgarian literary studies. On the other hand, the plot and the eponymous character fit it into a wide network of works by English, German, French, Russian and other authors, in the traditions of Gothic, Romanticism, Realism and their varieties, where the ‘Black Monk’ motif is a locus communis. I call the potential of such loci communes to form sets of works partially connected by separate, often contextually undetermined threads, polyvalent intertextuality. Comparing through it works by different authors, from different genres and nationalities, I come to the conclusion that their interaction can be described, in terms such as de- and reterritorialization (Deleuze and Guattari), as rhizomatic and gothic. This paper does not range over historical-philosophical, ethical, socio-political, etc. aspects of Stanev's work.
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The article interprets the scientific category „literary heritage“ in the logic of Bulgarian legislation and current social reality. The connections between literary heritage and museums are outlined. The narrow meaning of the category is represented mainly by the activities of literary museums. Other institutional spaces have been pointed out, which take care of the artifacts of the literary tradition –archives, libraries, community centers, universities, and research organizations. In conclusion, a concept for defragmenting the structures and activities preserving the literary heritage has been formulated. The key factor in this case are the activities of the National Literary Museum.
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The article is devoted to the work of the Bulgarian writer of the XXth century, Angel Karaliychev. In the second half of the XXth century, his most famous fairy tales and stories for children were translated into Russian, including the collection “Bulgarian Folk Talesˮ in two volumes. In the Soviet Union, Karaliychev's fairy tales were included in collections of fairy tales of Slavic peoples and represented Bulgarian folklore in collections of fairy tales of the peoplesof the world published in Russian. Despite the fact that the last book edition of Karaliychev's fairy tales in Russian appeared in the 1980s, his works continue their life in the new century in electronic format, on the Internet. Karaliychev's fairytales, addressed to children 4 – 10 years old, tell about eternal values in a language understandable for children, they also introduce to children and adults the realities of Bulgarian life, the heroes of Bulgarian folk tales, expanding the horizons of the Russian reader.
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The article analyzes the linguistic and stylistic features of the work entitled «[Слово] надгробное... Кипріану...» by Gregory Tsamblak, proclaimed by the metropolitan in Kyiv around 1409. The text is characterized by a high level of verbal and artistic skill. The author uses traditional means of depiction, acts as an innovator, applying a whole system of linguistic means: units of the lexical level, artistic tropes (figures of speech): linguistic repetitions, antonyms, epithets, metaphors, comparisons. Through the use of structurally similar words and typical syntactic constructions, the artist achieves the creation of a certain architectonics of the sacred text and its rhythmization. They help to emphasize the closeness of Gregory Tsamblak to his spiritual father Cyprian, to exalt his activities, and to express the depth of the loss of his mentor. The distinctive signs of the ‘word-weaving’ style, revealed in the work, testify not only to its affiliation to the high style of religious writing, but also increased attention to the inner world of man, which corresponds to the ideas of hesychasm of that time.
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The article focuses on the process of mixing languages (translanguaging) in the public inscriptions of Veliko Turnovo. There are two main principles that presuppose the occurrence of mixed inscriptions and that structure the local landscape – the presentation-of-self principle and the good reasons principle. In this context translanguaged writing reflects the deliberate manipulation of the features of the two languages – English (in its variety as a global language) and Bulgarian (the local code) to produce hybrid language forms that evoke different connotations. The ethnographic analysis is carried out within the theoretical framework of Linguistic Landscaping Studies with a special focus on the indexability of the material world, code preference and feature analysis.
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The present study is the first one that aims to present a comparative analysis of the bills for the use of the Bulgarian language introduced in the Parliament since 2004. The conclusion reached as a result of the comparative analysis is that the texts of the bills have quite a lot in common rather than having differences in terms of both the main ideological positions and the weak points that prevented the adoption of such a law over the years. In addition to this, the conclusions impose the idea that a qualitatively new approach is needed in the drafting of the normative act– the law on the Bulgarian language should regulate a unified state language policy to protect the language as the basis of national identity and thus to encourage the development of education, science and culture in the Republic of Bulgaria.
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The subjunctive mood has been widely discussed from the perspective its selection in complements of volitional, directive and emotive-factive predicates (Picallo 1984, Raposo 1985, Ambar 1988, a.o.). Subjunctive questions and other type of subjunctive main clauses, on the other hand, have not been subject to much systematic research. Some works (Ambar 2016, Giannakidou 2016) suggest that, in main clauses, the selection of the subjunctive mood codifies the expression of the speaker’s evaluations. In line with this view, we discuss the syntactic expression of the Bulgarian dali-questions which do not consist in true requests for information but rather display a flavour of wondering encoded in the occurrence of dali and its morphological make up combining the subjunctive particle da and the interrogative particle li. Considering the properties of the Balkan subjunctive particles, we discuss the syntactic expression of Bulgarian dali-questions building on previous analyses of Bulgarian yes-no questions (Dimitrova 2020).
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The article presents an analytical review of the available bilingual dictionaries (Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian) that were used during the Bulgarian Revival for English language teaching. A quantitative analysis of the dictionaries is made, with special attention paid to the selection of the vocabulary included in them. The specific features of the appendices placed at the end of the dictionaries are discussed. The characteristics of the dictionaries are examined from a linguistic and philological perspective.
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The article examines the interaction of the Balkan peoples in the composition of multinational empires. Widespread multilingualism and frequent switching from one language to another eventually led to the formation of the Balkan Linguistic Union. With the rise of national consciousness in the 19th century and the change of political configuration, the process of convergence of the Balkan languages was interrupted. Moreover, individual regional dialects of some languages, once united by a common name, took on a life of their own. But there is also a reverse process, languages artificially separated for political reasons are regaining their former integrity.
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The article examines the life and work of Italo Calvino, a writer with a huge contribution to Italian literature. His life path, political and moral views are examined. The text analyses Calvino’s work and how his life experiences influenced him.
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The article examines the breakdown of Roman Jakobson on the autonomy of linguistics and its relations with the other human sciences. Yakobson picks up and develops Sapir’s idea that the modern linguist cannot confine himself to his traditional field. He interprets autonomy and integration as two mutualy complementary concepts.
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Regardless of the scientific evidence about the positive influence of music on language development, the presence of music elements in the process of teaching English as a foreign language is still insufficient. Some methodological ideas are presented in the paper, after the thorough review and interpretation of literary sources. These ideas can be applied both to the exercises from the textbooks and to the additional learning content selected by the teachers according to the language level and needs of the students. The possibilities for integrating music elements into the process of teaching English as a foreign language are divided into two groups: 1) activities which integrate instrumental music and 2) activities which integrate vocal music and rhythmic elements. Presented methodological ideas do not exhaust all available ones but could become starting point for developing new solutions and to help pedagogical specialists to see the positive influence of the music on language development.
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The aim of this article is to present the contemporary perspectives of the methodology of language teaching through the prism of didactic exercises for teaching and learning ichthyological Spanish. It outlines the main criteria for the selection and classification of didactic tasks with regard to response options, mode of execution, achievement of objectives, duration, etc. An example exercise illustrating and describing the theoretical concepts described is presented and analysed in detail.
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Bulgarian language through Turkish mediation. The Ottoman Turkish language contains a significant layer of Arabic and Persian vocabulary, which hasalso entered the Bulgarian language. Some of the Arabic vocabulary was inherited from Aramaic, the language of Jesus Christ, and from the Akkadian language of Babylon and Assyria, and Persian - from the language of the Zend Avesta. As a result, Bulgarian culinary terminology preserves an ancient heritage.
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Rapid changes in the digital age making e-textbooks the key technical aid among electronic media are getting actively applied in education. A more specific image of the contemporary foreign language e-textbook is shaped by adding new characteristics to the list of the basic characteristics required. The article deals with determination of those characteristics of e-textbooks that will make their use more in demand for the study of languages, including Korean. The purpose of the article is to determine the main characteristics of a foreign language e-textbook as well as to analyze how they will reflect the specifics of the language in question and how exactly they will manifest themselves. The analytical study of e-textbook prototypes developed both practically and theoretically on the basis of criteria set for e-textbooks, the software being used and the research experience let the authors identify the mandatory minimum characteristics required for the foreign language e-textbook and compile the scheme for the distribution of the characteristics into groups. The results showed that the main requirement of a cross-cutting, primary nature for the entire set of e-textbooks under consideration is hyperconnectivity. The study allowed identifying linguodidactic and technological components of foreign language e-textbooks, as well as those of the Korean language e-textbook (a multimodal interactive dictionary) specifically, which are in a hyperconnected relationship with each other. Their introduction and implementation into specific software, a linguodidactic web constructor, will contribute to development of more sophisticated e-textbooks to be of high demand both among learners and teachers.
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