CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Wpływ wykształcenia na bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne gospodarstw domowych

Author(s): Maria Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

The paper is aimed to investigate whether and how cohort differences explain differentiation in the educational effects on household’s economic security. Cohorts are distinguished by common educational and professional experiences, controlling for economy conditions. The economic context covers: the beginning of transition in Poland (1990), Poland’s accession to the EU (2004) and the beginning of financial crisis (2008). The criteria for determining the cohorts refer to the periods of educational level attained, conditions of entering a labor market, improving qualification and a carrier stage in time of the last financial crises. The research covers three cohorts: cohort 1– respondents in age of 25–34 in 2013 – called „Children of transition; cohort 2 – respondents in age of 35–44 in 2013 – called „Youth of transition”; cohort 3 – respondents in age of 45–64 in 2013 – called „Adults of transition”. Economic security of households is defined as the ability to achieve income necessary for covering household needs at its suitable level and to create financial reserves to be at disposal in case of unfavorable accidence. A measure of economic security is calculated on a base of a structural equation model (SEM). The questionnaire survey is a source of data for observed variables. The survey was carried out by the professional polling agency in Poland in June 2013. The whole sample covers 800 respondents in age between 25 to 64. The findings reveal that a positive impact of education on economic security is the strongest for the youngest cohort, in which a fraction of well-educated individuals is the highest. Higher quality of human capital allows the younger cohort to achieve the same level of economic security like the cohort older by several years. Higher educational level attained, less households insecure economically. The secondary level of education among the youngest cohort does not create the ability to ensure economic security for a family

More...

Prosperity, great compression and Reaganomics: lessons for economic policy

Author(s): Dmytro Osiichuk / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2017

During the 20th century USA went through several radical swings of economic policy beingthe response to drastic societal, technological and ideological transformations. American economyendured several crises and experienced intensive sustained growth, which eventually transformed itinto the world powerhouse. Basing on its historic record and with the benefit of hindsight, relevantlessons for economic policy can be derived. Three sub-periods of the American economic history,i.e. Prosperity (1920-1929), Great Compression (1937-1947), and Reaganomics (1981-1989), havebeen subject to positive analysis with the goal of suggesting answers to fundamental dilemmasof political economy. Particular attention is drawn towards evolution of institutional environment,income distribution policy and theoretical assumptions underlying policy making. We highlightthe most prominent ideological pitfalls, which materialized in the American economic history, butwhich have not been properly addressed by the policymakers and engendered pathological processesin the political and social systems.

More...

Воспроизводство человеческого капитала в Беларуси

Author(s): Irina Kolesnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 51/2017

The basis of sustainable development and ensuring socs’ Index Ranking: Maternal Health, Children’s Well-being, Educational Status, Economic Status, Political Status; Maternal Mortality Rate; Infant Morio-economic security is an economybased on knowledge. Improving the process of reproduction of human capital is essential to carryout in three ways: production, storage and implementation of “human capital”. An analysis of thedemographic situation in the country allows us to conclude about the complexity of the solutionof demographic problems. This is due to lack of natural population growth and “human capital”.Qualitative growth “human capital” is required on the basis of economic, social and professionaldevelopment of the person, continuous training, update their knowledge throughout their workinglife. A number of indicators characterize the effectiveness of the reproduction of the human capitalof individual countries.Mothers’ Index Ranking is a complicated figure. It takes into account both “child” and “parent”medical components, as well as the educational, economic and political status of women in society.Therefore, Belarus has overtaken the United States, Japan and some highly developed countries. Thisindicator makes it possible to look at the situation more widely than in the material dimension, suchas GDP per capita.Each country has a chance to express themselves in other dimensions.Gender Inequality Index provides insight into the gender gap in key sectors of human development.Index allows to identify those industries that require critical political interference. The CPIbuilds public policies to overcome the systematic oppression of women.

More...

Ochronna czy partycypacyjna funkcja związków zawodowych i ich wpływ na poziom nierówności dochodowych w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Paweł Miłoszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

Taking into account that income inequality has negative impact on societies, this paper tries todiscover factors that may influence reduction of the inequality. It seems reasonable to consider laborunions as social organizations that in their cations should fight for better equality. In 21 countriesboth OECD and EU6 members 3 factors were examined. Two describing labor union protectivefunction (labor market protection and permanent contracts) and one describing participation function exercised in the countries by unions. Correlation has been checked between Gini Index andlabor market protection level, percent permanent contract and EPI 2.0 index. The analyses has beenperformed for all 21 countries and separately for the 16 representing the “old union”7. Presentedresults suggest strong correlation between Gini and EPI 2.0 suggesting that the better, stronger employeeparticipation the lower income inequality. At the same time no correlation has been foundbetween Gini and indexes describing labor union protective function.

More...

Modernizacja etnicznego kapitału ludzkiego – przypadek Romów

Author(s): Marcin Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

Investing in any form of capital will result in his development and modernization. To achievethis effect it is necessary to at least a basic level of capital. Romani human capital is very low. Thisis due to the Roma cultural specificities, which affects their socio-economic situation. Therefore,modernization of Roma human capital will be not performed at the same level as the modernizationof mainstream society human capital. Attempts to modernize implemented under the StructuralFunds do not bring the expected results. Strengthening Roma human capital through various formsof education and acquisition of skills and competences – even in conjunction with increasing theattractiveness of the Roma in the labor market – are inadequate. It is necessary to cover investmentsas their health, and housing. Such actions are carried out within the Roma framework strategy ofthe European Union. Due to the low level of effectiveness of these actions, we must pay attention tothe Roma social capital, which, as in the case of each ethnic minority is much better developed thanhuman capital. Despite its significant level, it remains internal capital without creating ties beyondtheir community. The modernization of social capital should lead to a positive impact on social andeconomic cohesion. The only way to accomplish this is to take the majority society effort to abandondiscrimination. This may result in an increase the radius of social trust. The modernized socialcapital will be the basis for building a true Roma human capital.

More...

Zróżnicowanie kapitału ludzkiego w Polsce w ujęciu regionalnym – analiza z wykorzystaniem metod wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej

Author(s): Damian Mowczan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

The paper presents the results of analyzes concerning the assessment of disparities in humancapital level in the Polish regions. Methods of multidimensional comparative analysis has beenused such as a Czekanowski diagram and synthetic measure, built on the basis of Euclidean metricsand generalised distance measure (GDM). When selecting indicators, human capital was treated asa multifaceted phenomenon that includes such areas as: quality of workers, entrepreneurship, qualityof education and research, health and structural mismatches. The analysis was performed not onlyfor average values of the period 2004–2014, but also in dynamic way, that includes rankings foreach year.The results indicate the presence of a variation in the level of human capital between regions.Based on the Czekanowski diagram, five groups of regions that are similar in terms of the quality ofhuman can be distinguish. It seems that the greatest diversity is among the most developed regionsin terms of the analyzed phenomenon. In addition, the persistent gap between the capital city regionand the rest of the regions was confirmed. Analysis of order of regions through time showed a relativestability of the rankings. Despite this, it seems that the differences between the regions with thehighest and lowest levels of human capital tend to spread.

More...

Skala zagrożenia ubóstwem i wykluczeniem społecznym

Author(s): Marta Kawa,Wiesława Kuźniar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

This article presents the causes, scale and effects of social exclusion and the importance ofsocial cooperatives in the fight against social exclusion. In addition, it outlines the measures takento reduce social exclusion. Social cooperatives are institutions that are established to reduce socialexclusion, by social and professional reintegration. Foreclosure occurs when a given individualor social group found itself in a situation which significantly impedes the performance of socialroles, the use of public goods and services, social infrastructure and gaining income through decentwork, remunerated. Social exclusion negatively affects quality of life, reduces social activityand employment and increases the costs of the state. Social exclusion inter alia due to inequality,mainly profitable, but also in terms of access to education, work properly rewarded and social security.Social exclusion is multidimensional and dynamic, so it can be defined in different ways.In Poland in 2011, at risk of poverty or social exclusion it was 27.2% of the population.Causes and types of exclusion is very much, so it’s important to recognize that you can take steps tominimize exclusion. The occurrence of social exclusion adversely affects not only the given entityor social group, but also on socio-economic situation, limiting economic growth and development.The fight against social exclusion is of vital importance in EU policy. Combating this phenomenonrequires a comprehensive cooperation of all state institutions, local government units and the community.

More...

Analiza dynamiki natężenia i kierunków migracji ze słabo rozwiniętych województw Polski na tle kraju w latach 2009–2014

Author(s): Agata Surówka,Mateusz Działo,Sabina Posłuszna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

The subject of the article is connected with tmigrations; quantithe phenomenon of migration. It is becoming moreand more popular. It influences the changes regarding employment and spatial arrangement. This phenomenontakes a special meaning in the areas characterized by a low level of social and economicdevelopment. These areas include macro-region - Eastern Poland (provinces: Subcarpathia, PodlasieProvince, Świętokrzyskie Province, Lublin Province and Warmia-Masuria Province). It is commonlynamed an eastern wall, or Poland B. As it is commonly known, this macro-region is a problematicone. One of the problems is the phenomenon of migration which is specially severe in this part of thecountry. What is worth emphasizing is the fact that the substantial part of migrating people are youngpeople. Taking the above into consideration, the analysis of this phenomenon seems to be absolutelynecessary and reasonable. The issues presented in the article allowed us to picture the situation regardinginterprovincial migration; within the provinces of Poland. The text has been divided into twoparts. In the first one, the research method applied has been described (flow net). In the second part,the results of the research have been presented. Considering the fact that migration is a complex phenomenonwhich is characterized by numerous aspects, the issues presented in the article concerningmigration processes in Eastern Poland, do not exhaust the matter entirely. The applied research approachallowed us to work out the answer to the question: What were the tendencies and directions ofpeople’s relocation in the area of Poland between 2009–2014. Conducting this research in the dynamicframe created the opportunity of identification, assessment and analysis of the existing regularities. Theresults can serve as the source of information about demographic and social changes and tendencieswhich took place in the area of Poland in the period concerned

More...

Determinanty decyzji w zakresie powrotów z zagranicznych wyjazdów zarobkowych mieszkańców obszarów peryferyjnych

Author(s): Piotr Cymanow,Klaudia Cymanow‑Sosin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2017

The paper presents results of the research focused on decisions taken by migrant workers toreturn to Poland from abroad with a special focus on those individuals who come from peripheralareas in Małopolska and Podkarpacie regions. The purpose of the analysis was to define the mostimportant determinants of the return decisions and to estimate potential impact of the same on processesinvolving local activation of the areas in question. As part of the research 15 decision-relatedelements were identified; the achievement of the goal being the accumulation of a specific capitalwas considered by the respondents as the most important factor among economic ones. The returnof the migrants who successfully completed their agenda, may become an important pro-growth stimulusprovided that at least a portion of that capital is invested to create new or develop the existingjobs while, on the other hand, the consumption of the accumulated funds may yield local benefitsdue to multiplier effects. It is also worthwhile to stress that predominant economic factors includedthose related to the improvement of the migrant’s individual position on the local labor, namely,finding a job in Poland and as well as knowledge, experience and skills acquired abroad allowingthem to function on the market in their homeland more effectively.Non-economic stimuli emphasized by the respondents included the importance of the risk oftheir families or relationships breaking down as a result of prolonged separation, migrants’ healthproblems and the necessity of taking care of children and the elderly. Also alternative incomes determiningthe return of the migrants were analyzed and the results of the evaluation of migration fromthe perspective of the respondents were discussed.

More...

Determinants considered by Polish seniors when purchasing food and some durable goods

Author(s): Tomasz Zalega / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2017

The ageing of societies is a commonplace process. It accompanies the development of the worldpopulation, although with different intensity. Age structures undergo transformations because of quantitativeand qualitative changes affecting the course of demographic processes such as fertility, mortality,and migration, which are explained by general laws formulated by demographic transition theory.Moreover, human life expectancy is extended by continuing socio-economic changes, increasinglyfast technological progress, rising living standard of populations, and advances and achievements ofmedicine. As a result, the number of elderly people grows faster than the number of births.Elderly persons are increasingly often perceived as a desirable and appreciated group of customers.They are important not only as consumers, but also as an object of research. The increasingproportion of elderly consumers and their economic emancipation have a significant effect on boththe level and structure of consumption.The aim of the article is to identify the shopping behaviours of elderly people in terms of consumerdecision making. A short introduction is followed by part one of the article, which explainsthe notion of consumer behaviours and presents their major determinants. In part two, after theresearch methodology and the selection of the sample are discussed, the key factors affecting thepurchases of food articles and selected market goods, alternative consumer trends, and places whereolder persons do their shopping are analysed.

More...

Социально-психологические основы изучения правопорядка как системного общественного феномена

Author(s): Igor Lanovenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 51/2017

The law and order, as a phenomenon system of organization public life, presented as a special socio-psychological reality, which contemplate not only ability, but also needs of its scientific analysis. The concept of law and order similar with concept of state, government, however, has not only institutional and multi-dimensional psychological aspects of its content. Dynamics of law and order is tightly correlates with trends of social development, changing of mental status, cultural terms, humanization or dehumanization of legal policy at definitely historical stage.In the presented article, the author’s vision of socio-psychological content of the individual boundaries of law and order is defined. In particular the attention to the role of the legislator getting the “obligation” for its normative regulation is paid. With protection of position of public safety there is an output that unreasoned, epistemologically unjustified rule-making is often as, if not more than damaging than the evil, which generated “power decree”.In the frame of the socio-psychological discourse and basing on the humanistic paradigm,safety of human is based on the sustainable legal fundament which can make real creation and conditionscompliance for self-actualization. Protection of the individual as a social value, ensuring itsright for development and happiness, in our opinion is the most important condition for the formationnot formal but the true law and order.

More...

The impact of benchlearning on the value of human capital. Reflections on an airline case study

Author(s): Beata Gierczak-Korzeniowska / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2017

Although learning is not a new phenomenon, the way of acquiring knowledge and time involvedin it is of great importance for the development of each company. Therefore, more and more methodsand practices are sought to satisfy those requirements, at the same time creating organizationalculture that encourages employees to continually expand their knowledge. Benchlearning, which is most often associated with continuous learning from the best ones, is an example of such practice.Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the question whether benchlearning has an impact on the ‘value’ of human capital. The employees and the company which were selected for the study seem to be important and decisive for the outcome, because such a company as PLL LOT should be characterized by the constant search for ways to meet the ever-increasing market competition. It is also worth mentioning that the contents of this paper should be an introduction for two reasons. First, benchlearning does not belong to the most frequently undertaken issues in the literature, both in the theoretical and practical dimensions. Second, the results presented represent only a section of an extended issue which is the utilisation of benchmarking in the selected departments of PLL LOT. Nevertheless, due to the specific nature of the industry such as aviation, and its obstructed access, even because of the safety of airlines and their passengers all these make the results presented significant cognitively.

More...

Kwantyfikacja ryzyka wypłat katastroficznych dla zdarzeń ubezpieczeniowych z wykorzystaniem teorii wartości ekstremalnych

Author(s): Piotr Dziel,Krzysztof Hrycko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2017

In the paper the authors apply Extreme Value Theory in the field of extremely high values of claims paid out by insurance companies conducting motor third party liability insurance. Extremely high indemnities and compensations were identified using Block Maxima and Excesses Over Threshold methods. The value of payments is modelled using Generalized Extreme Value and Generalized Pareto distributions. The empirical part of the work presents the study on claims data held by Information Centre of Insurance Guaran-tee Fund. The results of analysis can be applied in pricing models used by insurance and reinsurance undertakings as well can be used in the activities of the financial supervisory authority in relation to setting standards for the proper assessment of risk faced by entities of insurance market.

More...

Lojalność klientów w ubezpieczeniach autocasco

Author(s): Kamil Gala,Michał Bobrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2017

This paper addresses the issue of statistical modeling of customer loyalty in automobile insurance, primarily voluntary motor own damage (MOD) insurance. The paper presents the results of the research study conducted on the basis of the data from the Polish Insurance Guarantee Fund. The main goal of the study was to identify key factors influencing the customer's decisions regarding MOD insurance − renewing the policy or switching to another insurer. This goal was achieved with the use of descriptive statistics, analysis of correlation and generalized linear models. The results obtained for MOD insurance were compared with those for MTPL to gain a broader picture of customer loyalty in Polish motor insurance market.

More...

Ekosocjonomia: nauka o gospodarowaniu

Author(s): Walenty Ostasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2017

Human economy, as one of the most important social institutions, makes a part of the economy of nature. Nonetheless bodies of knowledge about these three systems: economic, social and ecological, are based on drastically different concepts. This article presents a way for reconciliation of all the three sciences by using unified conceptual framework of nature’s economy. It turns out that purely biological concept of metabolism can be extended to encompass human societies and their institutions. The extended concept has been referred to as a social metabolism. This paper contains some basic examples show-ing the way how social metabolism can be quantified in terms of energetic and material flows. This can be used for classifying societies according to their metabolic profiles.

More...

Statystyczna analiza wydatków żywnościowych gospodarstw domowych 50+

Author(s): Iwona Bąk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2017

The aim of the research conducted in the article is a statistical analysis and modeling of expenditure for food and drinks of households in which the head of house-hold was 50 years old and more. To describe the impact of selected variables on expendi-ture of households, the power-exponential model was used. The study includes the year 2014 and the integrated data set of 20,607 households. The analysis of income and ex-penditure was carried out on the basis of a set of individual non-identifiable data of household budgets, which was made available for consideration by the CSO. The analysis of expenditure for food showed a significant positive impact of total expenditure per capita and a negative impact of number of people in households. Statistically significant was also an impact of the class of place of living, the socio-economic group, subjective assessment of the financial situation of households, education and age of the head of the household.

More...

ЗА СОЦИАЛНОТО ПРЕДПРИЕМАЧЕСТВО – ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ, МЕТОДИ И ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Alexander Kalinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The so called “social entrepreneurship” is becoming more and more important part of the global economy, creating many job openings and opportunities for people working the sector as well as for the communities and regions where it is developed. It is in the last twenty years that this subject has enter the center of attention of the scientific community creating big debate around its core and how it can be studied properly. The aim of the work is to dwell in the latest tendencies in the scientific community to study the problems and why its definition is still a matter of debate. The article is to be used as a starting point for the creation of theoretical framework, which can later be used for scientific research purposes.

More...

The role of "deprivation" in the conceptualization of social tension in the Ukrainian society

Author(s): Yevhen Siryi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article attempts to expand interpretational ability of the deprivational paradigm for social tensions (ST). This is due to the conceptual uncertainty, weak presentability and possible underestimation of gnoseological resource of the deprivation theory. This article attempts to construct a semantic core concept of ST using components of T. Gurr’s and J. Davis’ deprivation theory, theory of frustration by J. Dollard, stress theory by R.K. Merton, and the related theories and concepts that complement and extend the gnoseological potential of deprivation theory. We have performed explicative analysis of deprivation regarding social context, justified and evaluated gnoseological potential of deprivation as a semantic core of conceptualization of social tension. We have analyzed social characteristics of typicality of today's Ukrainian society. We have accentuated the significance and potential of the deprivational paradigm regarding the explanation of social tension, in modern Ukrainian realities that have developed over the past decades.

More...

Aksjonormatywne postawy przedsiębiorców na świecie Analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Robert Rogowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The paper presents the results of research on ethical attitudes of entrepreneurs based on a global survey (World Values Survey, six waves of research conducted in 2010–2014). More than ninety thousand interviews were analyzed. The most important values of the investigated entrepreneurs are family, work and religion.Less important are friends, leisure time and politics. Achieving material wellbeing in life is an essential goal, especially for people living in less developed continents. The respondents most often declared central political views. The great importance of God in their lives was pointed out by the inhabitants of both Americas and Africa. Research has shown that acts such as theft, tax fraud, corruption and non-payment for public transport are generally negatively assessed, but there are some differences in attitudes.

More...

Przyszłość wolontariatu pracowniczego – e-wolontariat?

Author(s): Urszula Gołaszewska-Kaczan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The development of the Internet has created new opportunities in every field of social responsibility, including volunteering. An interesting new trend has been born – e-volunteering, which enables people to help others without leaving the house. E-volunteering is primarily based upon employee competences. It enables the sharing of knowledge and skills.In the essay, the author ponders whether e-volunteering is a thriving phenomenon.She tries to describe the new trend, pointing out its benefits and possible related issues. In the thesis, it is stated that e-volunteering is in fact prosperous. It saves volunteers’ time, reduces associated costs, and isn’t only limited to the volunteers’ neighborhood. However, this form of volunteering won’t replace the traditional volunteering activities, especially those based upon direct contact with trainees.

More...